{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2004170288","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2012.2217991","title":"Reliability-Constrained Optimal Sizing of Energy Storage System in a Microgrid","display_name":"Reliability-Constrained Optimal Sizing of Energy Storage System in a Microgrid","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2004170288","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2012.2217991","mag":"2004170288"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2012.2217991","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2012.2217991","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065449512","display_name":"Shaghayegh Bahramirad","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130708","display_name":"S&C Electric Company (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/036791a63","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130708"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaghayegh Bahramirad","raw_affiliation_strings":["S&C Electric Company, Chicago, IL, USA","S&C Electr. Co., Chicago, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"S&C Electric Company, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130708"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"S&C Electr. Co., Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051662962","display_name":"Wanda Reder","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130708","display_name":"S&C Electric Company (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/036791a63","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130708"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wanda Reder","raw_affiliation_strings":["S&C Electric Company, Chicago, IL, USA","S&C Electr. Co., Chicago, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"S&C Electric Company, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130708"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"S&C Electr. Co., Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130708"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013266272","display_name":"Amin Khodaei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3725-400X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amin Khodaei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA","Electr. & Comput. Eng. Dept., Univ. of Houston, Houston, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electr. & Comput. Eng. Dept., Univ. of Houston, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":32.6536,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":527,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99721537,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"4","first_page":"2056","last_page":"2062"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10454","display_name":"Optimal Power Flow Distribution","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10424","display_name":"Electric Power System Optimization","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microgrid","display_name":"Microgrid","score":0.9364025592803955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sizing","display_name":"Sizing","score":0.712931215763092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-storage","display_name":"Energy storage","score":0.6580255031585693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.6431819796562195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.6230606436729431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.60063636302948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integer-programming","display_name":"Integer programming","score":0.5478031039237976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-cost","display_name":"Operating cost","score":0.5288988947868347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intermittency","display_name":"Intermittency","score":0.4742547571659088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.46887898445129395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4461119771003723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/total-cost","display_name":"Total cost","score":0.4153103232383728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3859833776950836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.25033339858055115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15593600273132324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.10010382533073425}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776784348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5762595","display_name":"Microgrid","level":3,"score":0.9364025592803955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777767291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1080291","display_name":"Sizing","level":2,"score":0.712931215763092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73916439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837718","display_name":"Energy storage","level":3,"score":0.6580255031585693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.6431819796562195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.6230606436729431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.60063636302948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56086750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6042592","display_name":"Integer programming","level":2,"score":0.5478031039237976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777347956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1362005","display_name":"Operating cost","level":2,"score":0.5288988947868347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780388094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1666248","display_name":"Intermittency","level":3,"score":0.4742547571659088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.46887898445129395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4461119771003723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182299520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1289588","display_name":"Total cost","level":2,"score":0.4153103232383728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3859833776950836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.25033339858055115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15593600273132324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.10010382533073425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196558001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190132","display_name":"Turbulence","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2012.2217991","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2012.2217991","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8700000047683716}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W349704142","https://openalex.org/W571371481","https://openalex.org/W1947017626","https://openalex.org/W1964342496","https://openalex.org/W1993750689","https://openalex.org/W1997339105","https://openalex.org/W2002363904","https://openalex.org/W2016469904","https://openalex.org/W2027779497","https://openalex.org/W2028839920","https://openalex.org/W2037565011","https://openalex.org/W2039705552","https://openalex.org/W2078956089","https://openalex.org/W2097143633","https://openalex.org/W2097427326","https://openalex.org/W2109066723","https://openalex.org/W2110050136","https://openalex.org/W2118003528","https://openalex.org/W2143344495","https://openalex.org/W2144631242","https://openalex.org/W2144674760","https://openalex.org/W2158238776","https://openalex.org/W2172073107","https://openalex.org/W2179417658","https://openalex.org/W2252949014","https://openalex.org/W2536495469","https://openalex.org/W2552652620","https://openalex.org/W3143932779","https://openalex.org/W4229484266","https://openalex.org/W4244428002","https://openalex.org/W4293860495","https://openalex.org/W6670320725"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2886361751","https://openalex.org/W1674308118","https://openalex.org/W2053954704","https://openalex.org/W2367796373","https://openalex.org/W2355558009","https://openalex.org/W4231892889","https://openalex.org/W3117461715","https://openalex.org/W2773395736","https://openalex.org/W2780043225","https://openalex.org/W1972792776"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,17],"model":[4,83],"for":[5,84],"calculating":[6],"the":[7,31,44,48,58,95,100,103],"optimal":[8,36],"size":[9],"of":[10,47,65,70,102],"an":[11],"energy":[12],"storage":[13],"system":[14],"(ESS)":[15],"in":[16],"microgrid":[18,32,54,76],"considering":[19],"reliability":[20,77],"criterion.":[21],"A":[22,81],"larger":[23],"ESS":[24,37,85],"requires":[25],"higher":[26],"investment":[27,45],"costs":[28],"while":[29],"reduces":[30],"operating":[33,55],"cost.":[34,56],"The":[35],"sizing":[38],"problem":[39],"is":[40,73,79,86,91],"proposed":[41,104],"which":[42],"minimizes":[43],"cost":[46],"ESS,":[49,59],"as":[50,52],"well":[51],"expected":[53],"Utilizing":[57],"generation":[60],"shortage":[61],"due":[62],"to":[63,93],"outage":[64],"conventional":[66],"units":[67,72],"and":[68],"intermittency":[69],"renewable":[71],"handled;":[74],"hence":[75],"criterion":[78],"satisfied.":[80],"practical":[82],"utilized.":[87],"Mixed-integer":[88],"programming":[89],"(MIP)":[90],"utilized":[92],"formulate":[94],"problem.":[96],"Illustrative":[97],"examples":[98],"show":[99],"efficiency":[101],"model.":[105]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":50},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":57},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":65},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":58},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":55},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":49},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
