{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1974230590","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2012.2201964","title":"Real-Time Central Demand Response for Primary Frequency Regulation in Microgrids","display_name":"Real-Time Central Demand Response for Primary Frequency Regulation in Microgrids","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-06-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1974230590","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2012.2201964","mag":"1974230590"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2012.2201964","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2012.2201964","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008231853","display_name":"S. Ali Pourmousavi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1115-4200"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23732399","display_name":"Montana State University","ror":"https://ror.org/02w0trx84","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23732399","https://openalex.org/I4210126032"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Ali Pourmousavi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA","[Electr. & Comput. Eng. Dept., Montana State Univ., Bozeman, MT, USA]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23732399"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Electr. & Comput. Eng. Dept., Montana State Univ., Bozeman, MT, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23732399"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077651961","display_name":"M.H. Nehrir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1984-5746"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23732399","display_name":"Montana State University","ror":"https://ror.org/02w0trx84","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23732399","https://openalex.org/I4210126032"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Hashem Nehrir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA","[Electr. & Comput. Eng. Dept., Montana State Univ., Bozeman, MT, USA]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23732399"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Electr. & Comput. Eng. Dept., Montana State Univ., Bozeman, MT, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23732399"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23732399"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":31.6957,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":265,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99691678,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"4","first_page":"1988","last_page":"1996"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microgrid","display_name":"Microgrid","score":0.9360333681106567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demand-response","display_name":"Demand response","score":0.7801954746246338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-frequency-control","display_name":"Automatic frequency control","score":0.7135778069496155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-regulation","display_name":"Frequency regulation","score":0.6627766489982605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.6454206705093384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-generation-control","display_name":"Automatic Generation Control","score":0.636335015296936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-regulation","display_name":"Voltage regulation","score":0.5448548197746277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.5092641115188599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.49086815118789673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-power","display_name":"Wind power","score":0.4897613525390625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-generation","display_name":"Distributed generation","score":0.4552752375602722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.4412876069545746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/load-regulation","display_name":"Load regulation","score":0.4338997006416321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable-renewable-energy","display_name":"Variable renewable energy","score":0.42858463525772095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.41771191358566284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.41760939359664917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.3641126751899719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.3062799870967865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.28880369663238525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity","display_name":"Electricity","score":0.2017628252506256}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776784348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5762595","display_name":"Microgrid","level":3,"score":0.9360333681106567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779438525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5255048","display_name":"Demand response","level":3,"score":0.7801954746246338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25915539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220786","display_name":"Automatic frequency control","level":2,"score":0.7135778069496155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983304839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1747997","display_name":"Frequency regulation","level":4,"score":0.6627766489982605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.6454206705093384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778763806","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4826572","display_name":"Automatic Generation Control","level":4,"score":0.636335015296936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196226539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7940752","display_name":"Voltage regulation","level":3,"score":0.5448548197746277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.5092641115188599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.49086815118789673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78600449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43302","display_name":"Wind power","level":2,"score":0.4897613525390625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544738498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861135","display_name":"Distributed generation","level":3,"score":0.4552752375602722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.4412876069545746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776098794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6663315","display_name":"Load regulation","level":3,"score":0.4338997006416321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780789856","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915732","display_name":"Variable renewable energy","level":4,"score":0.42858463525772095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.41771191358566284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.41760939359664917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.3641126751899719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3062799870967865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.28880369663238525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.2017628252506256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2012.2201964","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2012.2201964","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:espace.library.uq.edu.au:UQ:564982","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402388","display_name":"Queensland's institutional digital repository (The University of Queensland)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","host_organization_name":"The University of Queensland","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8799999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1974982460","https://openalex.org/W1992419715","https://openalex.org/W1997898472","https://openalex.org/W2000920265","https://openalex.org/W2005585337","https://openalex.org/W2045873748","https://openalex.org/W2046207811","https://openalex.org/W2054989445","https://openalex.org/W2057311268","https://openalex.org/W2061042696","https://openalex.org/W2062912550","https://openalex.org/W2079115034","https://openalex.org/W2097077258","https://openalex.org/W2099253399","https://openalex.org/W2102908543","https://openalex.org/W2110699984","https://openalex.org/W2120885393","https://openalex.org/W2122032342","https://openalex.org/W2128697116","https://openalex.org/W2132612707","https://openalex.org/W2134507201","https://openalex.org/W2142474602","https://openalex.org/W2144456054","https://openalex.org/W2163987910","https://openalex.org/W2164961065","https://openalex.org/W2165414613","https://openalex.org/W2186652994","https://openalex.org/W2265248459","https://openalex.org/W2293964325","https://openalex.org/W3143075780","https://openalex.org/W6674829083","https://openalex.org/W6675580618"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2362819233","https://openalex.org/W2390170715","https://openalex.org/W2473270426","https://openalex.org/W2378464810","https://openalex.org/W2355075851","https://openalex.org/W2354685994","https://openalex.org/W3094175255","https://openalex.org/W4245859137","https://openalex.org/W3094341182","https://openalex.org/W2096066633"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Providing":[0],"ancillary":[1],"services":[2],"for":[3,50,88],"future":[4],"smart":[5,68,100],"microgrid":[6,118],"can":[7],"be":[8],"a":[9,83,99,117],"challenging":[10],"task":[11],"because":[12],"of":[13,15,36,95,147,154],"lack":[14],"conventional":[16],"automatic":[17],"generation":[18],"control":[19,133],"(AGC)":[20],"and":[21,24,52,74,120],"spinning":[22],"reserves,":[23],"expensive":[25],"storage":[26],"devices.":[27],"In":[28],"addition,":[29],"strong":[30],"motivation":[31],"to":[32],"increase":[33],"the":[34,44,67,93,129,145,152],"penetration":[35],"renewable":[37],"energy":[38],"in":[39,66,98,151],"power":[40,156],"systems,":[41],"particularly":[42],"at":[43],"distribution":[45,113],"level,":[46],"introduces":[47],"new":[48],"challenges":[49],"frequency":[51,89,136],"voltage":[53],"regulation.":[54],"Thus,":[55],"increased":[56],"attention":[57],"has":[58],"been":[59,105],"focused":[60],"on":[61,108],"demand":[62],"response":[63],"(DR),":[64],"especially":[65],"grid":[69],"environment,":[70],"where":[71],"two-way":[72],"communication":[73],"customer":[75],"participation":[76],"are":[77],"part":[78],"of.":[79],"This":[80],"paper":[81],"presents":[82],"comprehensive":[84,131],"central":[85],"DR":[86,132],"algorithm":[87],"regulation,":[90],"while":[91],"minimizing":[92,144],"amount":[94,146],"manipulated":[96,148],"load,":[97],"microgrid.":[101],"Simulation":[102,125],"studies":[103],"have":[104],"carried":[106],"out":[107],"an":[109],"IEEE":[110],"13-bus":[111],"standard":[112],"system":[114],"operating":[115],"as":[116,141,143],"with":[119],"without":[121],"variable":[122],"wind":[123,155],"generation.":[124,157],"results":[126],"show":[127],"that":[128],"proposed":[130],"strategy":[134],"provides":[135],"(and":[137],"consequently":[138],"voltage)":[139],"regulation":[140],"well":[142],"responsive":[149],"loads":[150],"absence/presence":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
