{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2012192910","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2012.2200701","title":"Electric Springs\u2014A New Smart Grid Technology","display_name":"Electric Springs\u2014A New Smart Grid Technology","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-06-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2012192910","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2012.2200701","mag":"2012192910"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2012.2200701","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2012.2200701","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042360095","display_name":"S.Y.R. Hui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5992-6559"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shu Yuen Hui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong","Depts. of Electr. & Electron. Eng., Univ. of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Depts. of Electr. & Electron. Eng., Univ. of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020181160","display_name":"Chi-Kwan Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0160-5808"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chi Kwan Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong","Depts. of Electr. & Electron. Eng., Univ. of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Depts. of Electr. & Electron. Eng., Univ. of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113099538","display_name":"Felix F. Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Felix F. Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong","Depts. of Electr. & Electron. Eng., Univ. of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Depts. of Electr. & Electron. Eng., Univ. of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":26.3871,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":465,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99664849,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"3","first_page":"1552","last_page":"1561"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13183","display_name":"Islanding Detection in Power Systems","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.5785158276557922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.5775668025016785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power","display_name":"Electric power","score":0.5646815896034241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.5579805374145508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-power","display_name":"Wind power","score":0.5576850771903992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.5181956887245178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.5123564004898071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-engineering","display_name":"Power engineering","score":0.507883608341217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity-generation","display_name":"Electricity generation","score":0.494764506816864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity","display_name":"Electricity","score":0.43839070200920105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.36722108721733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.3640124201774597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-factor","display_name":"Power factor","score":0.16283896565437317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.15979838371276855}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.5785158276557922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.5775668025016785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40293303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27137","display_name":"Electric power","level":3,"score":0.5646815896034241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.5579805374145508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78600449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43302","display_name":"Wind power","level":2,"score":0.5576850771903992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.5181956887245178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.5123564004898071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54089160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1803786","display_name":"Power engineering","level":4,"score":0.507883608341217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C423512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q383973","display_name":"Electricity generation","level":3,"score":0.494764506816864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.43839070200920105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.36722108721733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.3640124201774597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64424096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750454","display_name":"Power factor","level":3,"score":0.16283896565437317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.15979838371276855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2012.2200701","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2012.2200701","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:hub.hku.hk:10722/211383","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10722/211383","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196271","display_name":"The HKU Scholars Hub (University of Hong Kong)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","host_organization_name":"University of Hong Kong","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8899999856948853}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309893","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320283","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322170","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W574472091","https://openalex.org/W1031619894","https://openalex.org/W1563174707","https://openalex.org/W1992461580","https://openalex.org/W2016278444","https://openalex.org/W2081747869","https://openalex.org/W2096510928","https://openalex.org/W2102141313","https://openalex.org/W2120411297","https://openalex.org/W2124286062","https://openalex.org/W2125391001","https://openalex.org/W2130883703","https://openalex.org/W2143424671","https://openalex.org/W2144567283","https://openalex.org/W2154757553","https://openalex.org/W2158002105","https://openalex.org/W2170051462","https://openalex.org/W2178934125","https://openalex.org/W2622952038","https://openalex.org/W4302925651"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2540891856","https://openalex.org/W2371939405","https://openalex.org/W2075320322","https://openalex.org/W1966803529","https://openalex.org/W1999791342","https://openalex.org/W2084187016","https://openalex.org/W1486867720","https://openalex.org/W2068472012","https://openalex.org/W4296932284","https://openalex.org/W2049472591"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,48,113],"scientific":[1,49],"principle":[2],"of":[3,26,45,60,84,134,151,181,189],"\u201cmechanical":[4],"springs\u201d":[5],"was":[6],"described":[7],"by":[8,42,102,130],"the":[9,15,27,31,43,51,54,57,61,123,127,131,140,160,173],"British":[10],"physicist":[11],"Robert":[12],"Hooke":[13],"in":[14,30,76,95,121],"1660's.":[16],"Since":[17],"then,":[18],"there":[19],"has":[20,73,91],"not":[21],"been":[22,92],"any":[23],"further":[24],"development":[25,44],"Hooke's":[28],"law":[29],"electric":[32,62,114,141,168],"regime.":[33],"In":[34],"this":[35,37],"paper,":[36],"technological":[38],"gap":[39],"is":[40,67,116,165,187],"filled":[41],"\u201celectric":[46],"springs.\u201d":[47],"principle,":[50],"operating":[52],"modes,":[53],"limitations,":[55],"and":[56,191],"practical":[58,97],"realization":[59],"springs":[63,142],"are":[64],"reported.":[65],"It":[66,164],"discovered":[68],"that":[69,167,186],"such":[70],"novel":[71],"concept":[72,90],"huge":[74],"potential":[75],"stabilizing":[77],"future":[78],"power":[79,98,105,157,161,174,182],"systems":[80],"with":[81,107,139],"substantial":[82],"penetration":[83],"intermittent":[85,132],"renewable":[86],"energy":[87,111],"sources.":[88],"This":[89],"successfully":[93],"demonstrated":[94],"a":[96,108,148,178],"system":[99,183],"setup":[100],"fed":[101],"an":[103],"ac":[104],"source":[106],"fluctuating":[109],"wind":[110,135],"source.":[112],"spring":[115],"found":[117],"to":[118],"be":[119,145],"effective":[120],"regulating":[122],"mains":[124],"voltage":[125],"despite":[126],"fluctuation":[128],"caused":[129],"nature":[133],"power.":[136],"Electric":[137],"appliances":[138],"embedded":[143],"can":[144],"turned":[146],"into":[147],"new":[149,179],"generation":[150,162],"smart":[152],"loads,":[153],"which":[154],"have":[155],"their":[156],"demand":[158],"following":[159],"profile.":[163],"envisaged":[166],"springs,":[169],"when":[170],"distributed":[171],"over":[172],"grid,":[175],"will":[176],"offer":[177],"form":[180],"stability":[184],"solution":[185],"independent":[188],"information":[190],"communication":[192],"technology.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":42},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":43},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":45},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":51},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":52},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":48},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":48},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
