{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2103687379","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2012.2188916","title":"Generator Emulation Controls for Photovoltaic Inverters","display_name":"Generator Emulation Controls for Photovoltaic Inverters","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-05-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2103687379","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2012.2188916","mag":"2103687379"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2012.2188916","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2012.2188916","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051435153","display_name":"Hussam Al-Atrash","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hussam Alatrash","raw_affiliation_strings":["Petra Solar, Inc., South Plainfield, NJ, USA","Petra Solar Inc., South Plainfield, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Petra Solar, Inc., South Plainfield, NJ, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Petra Solar Inc., South Plainfield, NJ, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052059431","display_name":"Adje Mensah","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adje Mensah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Petra Solar, Inc., South Plainfield, NJ, USA","Petra Solar Inc., South Plainfield, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Petra Solar, Inc., South Plainfield, NJ, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Petra Solar Inc., South Plainfield, NJ, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079327914","display_name":"Evlyn Mark","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Evlyn Mark","raw_affiliation_strings":["Petra Solar, Inc., South Plainfield, NJ, USA","Petra Solar Inc., South Plainfield, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Petra Solar, Inc., South Plainfield, NJ, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Petra Solar Inc., South Plainfield, NJ, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036784739","display_name":"Ghaith Haddad","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ghaith Haddad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Petra Solar, Inc., South Plainfield, NJ, USA","Petra Solar Inc., South Plainfield, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Petra Solar, Inc., South Plainfield, NJ, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Petra Solar Inc., South Plainfield, NJ, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005806826","display_name":"J.H.R. Enslin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1129-3916"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102149020","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Charlotte","ror":"https://ror.org/04dawnj30","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102149020"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Johan Enslin","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of North Carolina, Charlotte, NC, USA","Univ. of North Carolina (UNC), Charlotte, NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Carolina, Charlotte, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102149020"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of North Carolina (UNC), Charlotte, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":17.4043,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":146,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99231573,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"2","first_page":"996","last_page":"1011"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13183","display_name":"Islanding Detection in Power Systems","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverter","display_name":"Inverter","score":0.5711621642112732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.48708534240722656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photovoltaic-system","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","score":0.48551154136657715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ac-power","display_name":"AC power","score":0.46514570713043213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.4521522521972656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-regulation","display_name":"Voltage regulation","score":0.451141357421875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-generation","display_name":"Distributed generation","score":0.4290162920951843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.42098289728164673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4187157154083252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-voltage-ride-through","display_name":"Low voltage ride through","score":0.4147006869316101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.40131449699401855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.40027743577957153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.2350592017173767}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11190779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q664575","display_name":"Inverter","level":3,"score":0.5711621642112732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.48708534240722656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41291067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1897785","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","level":2,"score":0.48551154136657715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108755667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930258","display_name":"AC power","level":3,"score":0.46514570713043213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.4521522521972656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196226539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7940752","display_name":"Voltage regulation","level":3,"score":0.451141357421875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544738498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861135","display_name":"Distributed generation","level":3,"score":0.4290162920951843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.42098289728164673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4187157154083252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780438294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6693052","display_name":"Low voltage ride through","level":4,"score":0.4147006869316101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.40131449699401855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.40027743577957153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.2350592017173767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2012.2188916","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2012.2188916","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5600000023841858}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1534691684","https://openalex.org/W1577574427","https://openalex.org/W1902516471","https://openalex.org/W2004080978","https://openalex.org/W2037350431","https://openalex.org/W2041231443","https://openalex.org/W2045530769","https://openalex.org/W2107529670","https://openalex.org/W2108326722","https://openalex.org/W2121691143","https://openalex.org/W2131101479","https://openalex.org/W2134956452","https://openalex.org/W2153425781","https://openalex.org/W2171527881","https://openalex.org/W6679968131","https://openalex.org/W6963453641"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2893865120","https://openalex.org/W3003861339","https://openalex.org/W2740618342","https://openalex.org/W2368765080","https://openalex.org/W2757449142","https://openalex.org/W2354494582","https://openalex.org/W2354335100","https://openalex.org/W2383413209","https://openalex.org/W2963897803","https://openalex.org/W2142193642"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"grid":[1],"faces":[2],"a":[3,198],"number":[4],"of":[5,11,38,44,52,79,113,127,138,142,171],"challenges":[6,22,32],"related":[7],"to":[8,42,66,149,165,187,207],"large-scale":[9],"integration":[10],"intermittent":[12],"distributed":[13],"generation":[14],"(DG)":[15],"such":[16,68,103],"as":[17,106],"photovoltaics":[18],"(PV).":[19],"Power":[20],"quality":[21],"include":[23,33],"voltage":[24,151,192,209],"regulation":[25,152,193,210],"issues,":[26],"flicker,":[27],"and":[28,87,109,118,157,178,194,214],"frequency":[29],"volatility.":[30],"Operational":[31],"the":[34,39,48,53,125,139,189],"need":[35],"for":[36],"extension":[37],"command-and-control":[40],"infrastructure":[41],"millions":[43],"devices":[45],"anticipated":[46],"on":[47,75,102,124,191],"low-voltage":[49],"(service)":[50],"side":[51],"distribution":[54,199],"network.":[55],"This":[56,70,132],"paper":[57],"presents":[58],"an":[59,136,180],"advanced":[60],"grid-tied":[61,129,174],"inverter":[62,130],"controls":[63,71],"concept":[64,72],"designed":[65],"address":[67],"challenges.":[69],"is":[73,88,121,133],"based":[74,123],"reproducing":[76],"favorable":[77,104],"characteristics":[78,105],"traditional":[80],"generators":[81,96],"that":[82],"result":[83],"in":[84,173],"load-following":[85],"tendencies,":[86],"accordingly":[89],"dubbed":[90],"Generator":[91],"Emulation":[92],"Controls":[93],"(GEC).":[94],"Traditional":[95],"are":[97,115,185,205],"analyzed":[98],"with":[99],"specific":[100],"focus":[101],"inertial":[107],"dynamics":[108],"controlled":[110],"impedance.":[111],"Details":[112],"GEC":[114,145,160],"then":[116],"presented,":[117],"its":[119],"implementation":[120],"outlined":[122],"evolution":[126],"conventional":[128],"controls.":[131],"followed":[134],"by":[135],"examination":[137],"system":[140],"impact":[141,190],"GEC-operated":[143],"devices.":[144],"allows":[146,162],"DG":[147,163],"inverters":[148,164],"perform":[150],"support,":[153,211],"reactive":[154],"power":[155,195],"compensation,":[156],"fault":[158],"ride-through.":[159],"also":[161],"form":[166],"scalable":[167],"inverter-based":[168],"microgrids,":[169],"capable":[170],"operating":[172],"mode":[175],"or":[176],"separating":[177],"supporting":[179],"islanded":[181],"load.":[182],"Simulation":[183],"results":[184],"presented":[186],"examine":[188],"losses":[196],"across":[197],"feeder.":[200],"Two":[201],"experimental":[202],"test":[203],"beds":[204],"used":[206],"demonstrate":[208],"transient":[212],"suppression,":[213],"microgridding":[215],"capabilities.":[216]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}