{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2056559496","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2011.2172006","title":"Quality of Optical Channels in Wireless SCADA for Offshore Wind Farms","display_name":"Quality of Optical Channels in Wireless SCADA for Offshore Wind Farms","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-11-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2056559496","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2011.2172006","mag":"2056559496"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2011.2172006","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2011.2172006","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100349374","display_name":"Xian Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4788-175X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102401767","display_name":"University of Arkansas at Little Rock","ror":"https://ror.org/04fttyv97","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102401767"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xian Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Systems Engineering, University of Arkansas, Little Rock, Little Rock, AR, USA","[Department of Systems Engineering, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR, USA]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Systems Engineering, University of Arkansas, Little Rock, Little Rock, AR, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102401767"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Systems Engineering, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102401767"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100349374"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102401767"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8639,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86581563,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"1","first_page":"225","last_page":"232"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12146","display_name":"Power Line Communications and Noise","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.7586325407028198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.6653274893760681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scada","display_name":"SCADA","score":0.6365466117858887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-wireless","display_name":"Optical wireless","score":0.6079289317131042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5349430441856384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-wireless-communications","display_name":"Optical wireless communications","score":0.5197272300720215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.48783496022224426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offshore-wind-power","display_name":"Offshore wind power","score":0.4794013500213623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.47831156849861145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.4276142716407776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.38704806566238403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-power","display_name":"Wind power","score":0.3791083097457886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.33282268047332764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3072149157524109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.30649322271347046}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.7586325407028198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.6653274893760681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113863187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17498","display_name":"SCADA","level":2,"score":0.6365466117858887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781305180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7098907","display_name":"Optical wireless","level":3,"score":0.6079289317131042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5349430441856384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107021485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18385577","display_name":"Optical wireless communications","level":4,"score":0.5197272300720215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.48783496022224426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8735168","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61637704","display_name":"Offshore wind power","level":3,"score":0.4794013500213623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.47831156849861145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.4276142716407776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.38704806566238403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78600449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43302","display_name":"Wind power","level":2,"score":0.3791083097457886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.33282268047332764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3072149157524109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.30649322271347046}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsg.2011.2172006","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2011.2172006","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8899999856948853}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W227775511","https://openalex.org/W571728456","https://openalex.org/W1522045078","https://openalex.org/W1555671504","https://openalex.org/W1556909464","https://openalex.org/W1965230274","https://openalex.org/W1983330672","https://openalex.org/W2015278374","https://openalex.org/W2073368817","https://openalex.org/W2098257210","https://openalex.org/W2100533156","https://openalex.org/W2103836868","https://openalex.org/W2105213779","https://openalex.org/W2105935781","https://openalex.org/W2106977307","https://openalex.org/W2110987781","https://openalex.org/W2120760416","https://openalex.org/W2121845086","https://openalex.org/W2133647376","https://openalex.org/W2138708382","https://openalex.org/W2141315365","https://openalex.org/W2165210288","https://openalex.org/W2168452204","https://openalex.org/W2258157321","https://openalex.org/W2313418165","https://openalex.org/W2493309683","https://openalex.org/W2798333393","https://openalex.org/W2798368384","https://openalex.org/W3148227275","https://openalex.org/W6675746783","https://openalex.org/W6698814738"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3011705637","https://openalex.org/W1965959303","https://openalex.org/W2150032029","https://openalex.org/W2099434077","https://openalex.org/W3127439791","https://openalex.org/W2366233211","https://openalex.org/W1528121109","https://openalex.org/W3118170786","https://openalex.org/W2185135703","https://openalex.org/W2924848790"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"One":[0],"of":[1,46,62,74,77],"the":[2,7,13,40,44,60],"most":[3],"important":[4],"features":[5],"in":[6],"smart":[8],"gird":[9],"is":[10,70],"to":[11,67],"integrate":[12],"state-of-the-art":[14],"communication":[15,34],"technologies":[16],"into":[17],"power":[18],"systems.":[19],"In":[20,57],"offshore":[21],"wind":[22],"farms,":[23],"data":[24],"communications":[25],"would":[26],"rely":[27],"on":[28,49],"wireless":[29,32,63],"techniques.":[30],"The":[31],"optical":[33,50,64],"technology":[35],"has":[36],"several":[37],"advantages":[38],"over":[39],"RF":[41],"counterpart.":[42],"However,":[43],"impact":[45],"atmospheric":[47],"turbulence":[48],"signals":[51],"must":[52],"be":[53],"well":[54],"understood":[55],"first.":[56],"this":[58],"paper,":[59],"performance":[61],"links":[65],"subject":[66],"weak":[68],"influence":[69],"investigated.":[71],"Three":[72],"types":[73],"metrics":[75],"(amount":[76],"fading,":[78],"outage":[79],"probability,":[80],"and":[81,87],"bit":[82],"error":[83],"rate)":[84],"are":[85],"analytically":[86],"numerically":[88],"evaluated.":[89]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}