{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7116714522","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2025.3646150","title":"PCART: Automated Repair of Python API Parameter Compatibility Issues","display_name":"PCART: Automated Repair of Python API Parameter Compatibility Issues","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7116714522","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2025.3646150"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tse.2025.3646150","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2025.3646150","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8351582","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","issn_l":"0098-5589","issn":["0098-5589","1939-3520","2326-3881"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120989038","display_name":"Shuai Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuai Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology and the Key Laboratory for Safety-Critical Software Development and Verification, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8988-7614","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology and the Key Laboratory for Safety-Critical Software Development and Verification, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037210751","display_name":"Guanping Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9419-4058"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guanping Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology and the Key Laboratory for Safety-Critical Software Development and Verification, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9419-4058","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology and the Key Laboratory for Safety-Critical Software Development and Verification, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121020685","display_name":"Jun Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology and the Key Laboratory for Safety-Critical Software Development and Verification, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5377-9275","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology and the Key Laboratory for Safety-Critical Software Development and Verification, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060780203","display_name":"Huashan Lei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9612-9859"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huashan Lei","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology and the Key Laboratory for Safety-Critical Software Development and Verification, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9612-9859","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology and the Key Laboratory for Safety-Critical Software Development and Verification, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120988500","display_name":"Gangqiang He","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gangqiang He","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology and the Key Laboratory for Safety-Critical Software Development and Verification, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7614-1662","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology and the Key Laboratory for Safety-Critical Software Development and Verification, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004012369","display_name":"Y.H. Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yepang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8147-8126","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100459073","display_name":"Zheng Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7922-9067"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheng Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7922-9067","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0267,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91663549,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"52","issue":"3","first_page":"723","last_page":"753"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.8069000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.8069000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.08100000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.02410000003874302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/python","display_name":"Python (programming language)","score":0.8988000154495239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compatibility","display_name":"Compatibility (geochemistry)","score":0.6809999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backward-compatibility","display_name":"Backward compatibility","score":0.5364999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4172999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-code","display_name":"Source code","score":0.3950999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unit-testing","display_name":"Unit testing","score":0.38089999556541443}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519991488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28865","display_name":"Python (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.8988000154495239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7985000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778648169","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q967768","display_name":"Compatibility (geochemistry)","level":2,"score":0.6809999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.5426999926567078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20574231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844605","display_name":"Backward compatibility","level":2,"score":0.5364999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.4226999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4172999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.3950999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148027188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907375","display_name":"Unit testing","level":3,"score":0.38089999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.3571000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.30660000443458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207850805","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269608","display_name":"Reverse engineering","level":2,"score":0.2838999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99613125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165194","display_name":"Application programming interface","level":2,"score":0.25850000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780395129","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128971","display_name":"Rapid prototyping","level":2,"score":0.25529998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76844732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4072285","display_name":"Conformance testing","level":3,"score":0.25440001487731934}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tse.2025.3646150","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2025.3646150","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8351582","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","issn_l":"0098-5589","issn":["0098-5589","1939-3520","2326-3881"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1100003544","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62372021","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1888249465","display_name":"\u81ea\u6210\u957f\u590d\u6742\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u6784\u5efa\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0e\u8fd0\u884c\u652f\u6491\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61932021","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6983849549","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62002163","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":65,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1983559534","https://openalex.org/W1983816067","https://openalex.org/W1989571326","https://openalex.org/W1993418924","https://openalex.org/W2020874073","https://openalex.org/W2024067677","https://openalex.org/W2031648200","https://openalex.org/W2041843604","https://openalex.org/W2048909176","https://openalex.org/W2071175160","https://openalex.org/W2100310705","https://openalex.org/W2133363731","https://openalex.org/W2133437259","https://openalex.org/W2146860836","https://openalex.org/W2148787816","https://openalex.org/W2171893803","https://openalex.org/W2547624952","https://openalex.org/W2758800714","https://openalex.org/W2796104318","https://openalex.org/W2831080282","https://openalex.org/W2898651898","https://openalex.org/W2954401434","https://openalex.org/W2954492316","https://openalex.org/W2957919018","https://openalex.org/W2970798024","https://openalex.org/W2981460380","https://openalex.org/W2999727008","https://openalex.org/W3014659028","https://openalex.org/W3098294082","https://openalex.org/W3106307499","https://openalex.org/W3109947658","https://openalex.org/W3148779029","https://openalex.org/W3160221300","https://openalex.org/W3163780238","https://openalex.org/W3202558630","https://openalex.org/W3203461101","https://openalex.org/W3204578495","https://openalex.org/W3206376305","https://openalex.org/W4205544737","https://openalex.org/W4206329042","https://openalex.org/W4225915603","https://openalex.org/W4243227753","https://openalex.org/W4243740681","https://openalex.org/W4246638380","https://openalex.org/W4280552565","https://openalex.org/W4284679077","https://openalex.org/W4287849826","https://openalex.org/W4295918940","https://openalex.org/W4312271469","https://openalex.org/W4312338424","https://openalex.org/W4313563521","https://openalex.org/W4313563721","https://openalex.org/W4321061997","https://openalex.org/W4375929168","https://openalex.org/W4383898416","https://openalex.org/W4386830538","https://openalex.org/W4388483218","https://openalex.org/W4389544235","https://openalex.org/W4389988542","https://openalex.org/W4394745126","https://openalex.org/W4398239141","https://openalex.org/W4400681258","https://openalex.org/W4400905623","https://openalex.org/W4400946707","https://openalex.org/W4404953970"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"modern":[1],"software":[2],"development,":[3],"Python":[4,66,104,144,192,210,218],"third-party":[5],"libraries":[6,25],"play":[7],"a":[8,129,182],"critical":[9],"role,":[10],"especially":[11],"in":[12,23,54,175],"fields":[13],"like":[14],"deep":[15],"learning":[16],"and":[17,64,97,115,154,161,163,181,213],"scientific":[18],"computing.":[19],"However,":[20],"API":[21,56,67,87,91,105,177,211,219],"parameters":[22],"these":[24],"often":[26],"change":[27],"during":[28],"evolution,":[29],"leading":[30],"to":[31,81,120],"compatibility":[32,69,94,107,179,220],"issues":[33,180],"for":[34],"client":[35],"applications":[36],"reliant":[37],"on":[38,189],"specific":[39],"versions.":[40],"Python\u2019s":[41],"flexible":[42],"parameter-passing":[43],"mechanism":[44],"further":[45],"complicates":[46],"this,":[47],"as":[48],"different":[49,55],"passing":[50],"methods":[51],"can":[52,61,202],"result":[53],"compatibility.":[57],"Currently,":[58],"no":[59],"tool":[60],"automatically":[62],"detect":[63],"repair":[65,183],"parameter":[68,106,110,178],"issues.":[70],"To":[71,123],"fill":[72],"this":[73],"gap,":[74],"we":[75,126],"introduce":[76],"PCART,":[77,125],"the":[78,84,116,164,205,215],"first":[79],"solution":[80],"fully":[82],"automate":[83],"process":[85],"of":[86,103,118,173,185,217],"extraction,":[88],"code":[89],"instrumentation,":[90],"mapping":[92],"establishment,":[93],"assessment,":[95],"repair,":[96],"validation.":[98],"PCART":[99,150,201],"handles":[100],"various":[101],"types":[102],"issues,":[108],"including":[109],"addition,":[111],"removal,":[112],"renaming,":[113],"reordering,":[114],"conversion":[117],"positional":[119],"keyword":[121],"parameters.":[122],"evaluate":[124],"construct":[127],"PCBENCH,":[128],"large-scale":[130],"benchmark":[131],"comprising":[132],"47,478":[133],"test":[134],"cases":[135],"mutated":[136],"from":[137,194],"844":[138],"parameter-changed":[139],"APIs":[140],"across":[141],"33":[142],"popular":[143],"libraries.":[145],"Evaluation":[146],"results":[147],"demonstrate":[148],"that":[149],"is":[151],"both":[152],"effective":[153],"efficient,":[155],"significantly":[156,203],"outperforming":[157],"existing":[158],"tools":[159],"(MLCatchUp":[160],"Relancer)":[162],"large":[165],"language":[166],"model":[167],"ChatGPT":[168],"(GPT-4o),":[169],"achieving":[170],"an":[171],"F1-score":[172],"96.51%":[174],"detecting":[176],"precision":[184],"91.97%.":[186],"Further":[187],"evaluation":[188],"30":[190],"real-world":[191],"projects":[193],"GitHub":[195],"confirms":[196],"PCART\u2019s":[197],"practicality.":[198],"We":[199],"believe":[200],"reduce":[204],"time":[206],"programmers":[207],"spend":[208],"maintaining":[209],"updates":[212],"advance":[214],"automation":[216],"issue":[221],"repair.":[222]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T20:47:17.329874","created_date":"2025-12-22T00:00:00"}
