{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412939939","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2025.3595396","title":"Enhancing Protocol Fuzzing via Diverse Seed Corpus Generation","display_name":"Enhancing Protocol Fuzzing via Diverse Seed Corpus Generation","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412939939","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2025.3595396"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tse.2025.3595396","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2025.3595396","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8351582","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","issn_l":"0098-5589","issn":["0098-5589","1939-3520","2326-3881"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078630181","display_name":"Zhengxiong Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6522-9269"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhengxiong Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, National University of Singapore, Singapore","National University of Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6522-9269","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107127662","display_name":"Qingpeng Du","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["CN","SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingpeng Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["International School, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","National University of Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4609-6804","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International School, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yujue Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3892-9145"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN","SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yujue Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["KLISS, BNRist, School of Software, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","National University of Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3892-9145","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KLISS, BNRist, School of Software, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060115298","display_name":"Abhik Roychoudhury","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7127-1137"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abhik Roychoudhury","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, National University of Singapore, Singapore","National University of Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7127-1137","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yu Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0955-503X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN","SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["KLISS, BNRist, School of Software, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","National University of Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0955-503X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KLISS, BNRist, School of Software, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4075,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8955765,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"51","issue":"9","first_page":"2693","last_page":"2709"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":0.9865999817848206,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.98580002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzz-testing","display_name":"Fuzz testing","score":0.9404701590538025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8432978391647339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.6029975414276123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.371578574180603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.36455509066581726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.16720789670944214}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111065885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1189053","display_name":"Fuzz testing","level":3,"score":0.9404701590538025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8432978391647339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.6029975414276123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.371578574180603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.36455509066581726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.16720789670944214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tse.2025.3595396","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2025.3595396","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8351582","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","issn_l":"0098-5589","issn":["0098-5589","1939-3520","2326-3881"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W42319614","https://openalex.org/W2018506753","https://openalex.org/W2240292734","https://openalex.org/W2964241064","https://openalex.org/W2980096664","https://openalex.org/W3047947484","https://openalex.org/W3091889505","https://openalex.org/W3138456218","https://openalex.org/W3173777717","https://openalex.org/W3186138538","https://openalex.org/W3212565000","https://openalex.org/W4210660460","https://openalex.org/W4220830491","https://openalex.org/W4226365369","https://openalex.org/W4300490703","https://openalex.org/W4321013654","https://openalex.org/W4378591002","https://openalex.org/W4383223817","https://openalex.org/W4384304865","https://openalex.org/W4385570777","https://openalex.org/W4389519928","https://openalex.org/W4391724785","https://openalex.org/W4391725314","https://openalex.org/W4394769544","https://openalex.org/W4402264433","https://openalex.org/W4402671258","https://openalex.org/W4404102534","https://openalex.org/W4405182882","https://openalex.org/W4406610709","https://openalex.org/W4413941679"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2511770387","https://openalex.org/W3120811337","https://openalex.org/W2766647240","https://openalex.org/W4385301282","https://openalex.org/W2990186179","https://openalex.org/W4210660460","https://openalex.org/W3203597304"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Protocol":[0,73],"fuzzing":[1,113],"is":[2],"an":[3,160],"effective":[4,144],"technique":[5],"for":[6,32,48,88,124,143,164],"discovering":[7,209],"vulnerabilities":[8],"in":[9,18,39,70],"protocol":[10,112,122,135,156,202],"implementations.":[11],"Although":[12],"much":[13],"progress":[14],"has":[15],"been":[16],"made":[17],"optimizing":[19],"input":[20],"mutation,":[21],"the":[22,29,41,65,134,189,195],"initial":[23],"seed":[24,49,89,128,191],"inputs,":[25],"which":[26,58,110],"serve":[27],"as":[28],"starting":[30],"point":[31],"fuzzing,":[33],"are":[34,95],"still":[35],"a":[36,84,126,139,150],"critical":[37],"factor":[38],"determining":[40],"effectiveness":[42],"of":[43,197],"subsequent":[44],"fuzzing.":[45],"Existing":[46],"methods":[47],"corpus":[50,90,192],"preparation":[51],"mainly":[52],"rely":[53],"on":[54,78,171],"captured":[55],"network":[56],"traffic,":[57],"suffers":[59],"from":[60],"limited":[61],"diversity":[62],"due":[63],"to":[64,120,153],"biased":[66],"message":[67,186],"distributions":[68],"present":[69],"real-world":[71],"traffic.":[72],"specifications":[74,94,123],"encompass":[75],"detailed":[76],"information":[77],"diverse":[79],"messages":[80,157],"and":[81,97,158,167,175,200,208],"thus":[82],"provide":[83],"more":[85,210],"comprehensive":[86],"way":[87],"preparation.":[91],"However,":[92],"these":[93],"voluminous":[96],"not":[98],"directly":[99],"machine-readable.":[100],"<p":[101],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[102],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">To":[103],"address":[104],"this":[105],"challenge,":[106],"we":[107],"introduce":[108],"PSG,":[109],"enhances":[111],"by":[114],"leveraging":[115],"large":[116],"language":[117],"models":[118],"(LLMs)":[119],"analyze":[121],"generating":[125],"high-quality":[127],"corpus.":[129],"First,":[130],"PSG":[131,148,180],"systematically":[132],"reorganizes":[133],"specification":[136],"metadata":[137],"into":[138],"structured":[140],"knowledge":[141],"base":[142],"LLM":[145],"augmentation.":[146],"Then,":[147],"employs":[149],"grammar-free":[151],"method":[152],"generate":[154,183],"target":[155],"incorporates":[159],"iterative":[161],"refinement":[162],"process":[163],"better":[165],"accuracy":[166],"efficiency.":[168],"Our":[169],"evaluation":[170],"7":[172],"widely-used":[173],"protocols":[174],"13":[176],"implementations":[177],"demonstrates":[178],"that":[179],"can":[181],"effectively":[182],"diverse,":[184],"protocol-compliant":[185],"inputs.":[187],"Moreover,":[188],"generated":[190],"significantly":[193],"improves":[194],"performance":[196],"state-of-the-art":[198],"black-box":[199],"grey-box":[201],"fuzzers,":[203],"achieving":[204],"higher":[205],"branch":[206],"coverage":[207],"zero-day":[211],"bugs.":[212]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}