{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409916786","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2025.3565387","title":"Question Selection for Multimodal Code Search Synthesis Using Probabilistic Version Spaces","display_name":"Question Selection for Multimodal Code Search Synthesis Using Probabilistic Version Spaces","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409916786","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2025.3565387"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tse.2025.3565387","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2025.3565387","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8351582","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","issn_l":"0098-5589","issn":["0098-5589","1939-3520","2326-3881"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041677859","display_name":"Jiarong Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6126-303X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiarong Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6126-303X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102987690","display_name":"Yanyan Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7651-9560"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanyan Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology and Department of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7651-9560","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology and Department of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090064960","display_name":"Lili Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2428-4111"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5023651","display_name":"McGill University","ror":"https://ror.org/01pxwe438","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lili Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2428-4111","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100945177","display_name":"Congying Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2887-1690"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN","HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Congying Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China","State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2887-1690","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034057959","display_name":"Shing-Chi Cheung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3508-7172"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shing-Chi Cheung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3508-7172","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052203980","display_name":"Chang Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6299-4704"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN","HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chang Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China","State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology and Department of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6299-4704","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology and Department of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.249,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88860723,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"51","issue":"6","first_page":"1724","last_page":"1744"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9896000027656555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8555951118469238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.6503900289535522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.6169984936714172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modal","display_name":"Modal","score":0.6008669137954712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.5210475325584412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.5099314451217651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.4094308614730835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2669939696788788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.12764298915863037}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8555951118469238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.6503900289535522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.6169984936714172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71139939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910194","display_name":"Modal","level":2,"score":0.6008669137954712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.5210475325584412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.5099314451217651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4094308614730835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2669939696788788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.12764298915863037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188027245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750446","display_name":"Polymer chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tse.2025.3565387","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2025.3565387","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8351582","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","issn_l":"0098-5589","issn":["0098-5589","1939-3520","2326-3881"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-149754","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.hkust.edu.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-149754","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.4399999976158142}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8187024098","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62272218","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W979215280","https://openalex.org/W1480909796","https://openalex.org/W1541301615","https://openalex.org/W1962482270","https://openalex.org/W1989445634","https://openalex.org/W2051768896","https://openalex.org/W2060610732","https://openalex.org/W2132525863","https://openalex.org/W2144196848","https://openalex.org/W2167685423","https://openalex.org/W2493901872","https://openalex.org/W2552878490","https://openalex.org/W2626990892","https://openalex.org/W2731197199","https://openalex.org/W2732288815","https://openalex.org/W2798628553","https://openalex.org/W2899376621","https://openalex.org/W2956048495","https://openalex.org/W2959263575","https://openalex.org/W2962809971","https://openalex.org/W3033481405","https://openalex.org/W3082991350","https://openalex.org/W3090753608","https://openalex.org/W3140873655","https://openalex.org/W3160380391","https://openalex.org/W3176686265","https://openalex.org/W3206530090","https://openalex.org/W3207079465","https://openalex.org/W4223562903","https://openalex.org/W4284690478","https://openalex.org/W4315606149","https://openalex.org/W4362677137","https://openalex.org/W4383555717","https://openalex.org/W4388483497","https://openalex.org/W4390940921","https://openalex.org/W4403007658","https://openalex.org/W6608427887","https://openalex.org/W6633715382","https://openalex.org/W6729167014","https://openalex.org/W6729482287","https://openalex.org/W6736084730","https://openalex.org/W6777615688","https://openalex.org/W6778883912","https://openalex.org/W6779853654","https://openalex.org/W6780550858","https://openalex.org/W6787335730","https://openalex.org/W6798896421","https://openalex.org/W6800166007","https://openalex.org/W6809646742","https://openalex.org/W6810738896","https://openalex.org/W6841581684","https://openalex.org/W6850936240","https://openalex.org/W6852681075","https://openalex.org/W6852887568","https://openalex.org/W6853429700","https://openalex.org/W6854013397","https://openalex.org/W6855386784","https://openalex.org/W6874106332","https://openalex.org/W6874175128"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2943623134","https://openalex.org/W2494523064","https://openalex.org/W2215759665","https://openalex.org/W2030292806","https://openalex.org/W2960358116","https://openalex.org/W2938171715","https://openalex.org/W4287727129","https://openalex.org/W3041172967","https://openalex.org/W2749065928","https://openalex.org/W2147155098"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Searching":[0],"the":[1,38,47,71,77,83,89,92,100,123,148,171,184],"occurrences":[2],"of":[3,167],"specific":[4],"code":[5,28,68,113],"patterns":[6],"(code":[7],"search)":[8],"is":[9,106,127],"a":[10,57,165],"common":[11],"task":[12],"in":[13,121],"software":[14],"engineering,":[15],"and":[16,60,64,81,129,143,175,182],"programming":[17],"by":[18],"example":[19],"(PBE)":[20],"techniques":[21],"have":[22],"been":[23],"applied":[24],"to":[25,157],"ease":[26],"customizing":[27],"patterns.":[29],"However,":[30],"previous":[31],"PBE":[32],"tools":[33],"only":[34],"synthesize":[35],"programs":[36,73,142],"meeting":[37],"input-output":[39],"examples,":[40],"which":[41,122],"may":[42],"not":[43],"always":[44],"align":[45,158],"with":[46,159],"user":[48,90],"intent.":[49],"To":[50,98,108],"bridge":[51],"this":[52,54],"gap,":[53],"paper":[55],"proposesExcalibur,":[56],"multi-modal":[58],"(example":[59],"natural":[61,150],"language":[62,145,151],"description)":[63,152],"interactive":[65],"synthesizer":[66],"for":[67,76,112,138,153],"search.Excaliburensures":[69],"that":[70],"generated":[72],"are":[74,131],"correct":[75],"provided":[78],"examples":[79],"(soundness)":[80],"include":[82],"user-intended":[84,93,124],"program":[85,94],"(bounded":[86],"completeness).":[87],"Furthermore,Excaliburhelps":[88],"identify":[91],"through":[95],"question-answer":[96],"interaction.":[97],"minimize":[99],"required":[101],"interaction":[102],"efforts,":[103],"question":[104,110],"selection":[105,111],"crucial.":[107],"improve":[109],"search,":[114],"we":[115],"propose":[116],"probabilistic":[117],"version":[118,136],"spaces":[119,137],"(ProbVS),":[120],"program\u2019s":[125],"probability":[126,180],"high":[128],"others":[130],"low.":[132],"ProbVS":[133,174,178],"combines":[134],"traditional":[135],"compactly":[139],"representing":[140],"extensive":[141],"large":[144],"models":[146],"(on":[147],"user-provided":[149],"adjusting":[154],"programs\u2019":[155],"probabilities":[156],"users\u2019":[160],"intents.":[161],"Extensive":[162],"experiments":[163],"on":[164],"benchmark":[166],"44":[168],"tasks":[169],"demonstrated":[170],"effectiveness":[172],"ofExcaliburand":[173],"demystified":[176],"how":[177,183],"affects":[179],"distributions":[181],"configurable":[185],"parameters":[186],"affect":[187],"ProbVS.":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}