{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408183056","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2025.3548730","title":"SmartUpdater: Enabling Transparent, Automated, and Secure Maintenance of Stateful Smart Contracts","display_name":"SmartUpdater: Enabling Transparent, Automated, and Secure Maintenance of Stateful Smart Contracts","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408183056","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2025.3548730"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tse.2025.3548730","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2025.3548730","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8351582","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","issn_l":"0098-5589","issn":["0098-5589","1939-3520","2326-3881"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100404567","display_name":"Xiaoli Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5255-2216"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55712492","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02djqfd08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoli Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5255-2216","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yiqiao Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7662-0870"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55712492","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02djqfd08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiqiao Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7662-0870","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068779009","display_name":"Yuefeng Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1091-6832"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuefeng Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","Computer Science Department, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1091-6832","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060364496","display_name":"Chengjun Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8045-4226"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124427","display_name":"City College of Dongguan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02vdh2x09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799850029","https://openalex.org/I4210124427"]}],"countries":["CN","HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengjun Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science and Information Technology Center, City University of Hong Kong (Dongguan), Dongguan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8045-4226","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Information Technology Center, City University of Hong Kong (Dongguan), Dongguan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124427","https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012206478","display_name":"Hongbing Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8504-1092"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55712492","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02djqfd08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongbing Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8504-1092","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ke Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2587-8517"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ke Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2587-8517","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100350165","display_name":"Qi Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8776-8730"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Network Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8776-8730","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Network Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0267,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84568086,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"51","issue":"4","first_page":"1266","last_page":"1283"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9717000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9717000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11995","display_name":"FinTech, Crowdfunding, Digital Finance","score":0.9362999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stateful-firewall","display_name":"Stateful firewall","score":0.9137409329414368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8647812604904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3958863914012909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3716663122177124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.3491906523704529}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22927095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1784206","display_name":"Stateful firewall","level":3,"score":0.9137409329414368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8647812604904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3958863914012909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3716663122177124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.3491906523704529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tse.2025.3548730","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2025.3548730","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8351582","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","issn_l":"0098-5589","issn":["0098-5589","1939-3520","2326-3881"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.5099999904632568,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2004489140","https://openalex.org/W2252150191","https://openalex.org/W2327678559","https://openalex.org/W2496543269","https://openalex.org/W2805052744","https://openalex.org/W2963426888","https://openalex.org/W2970809537","https://openalex.org/W2975871742","https://openalex.org/W3002067100","https://openalex.org/W3007045600","https://openalex.org/W3008357810","https://openalex.org/W3015325345","https://openalex.org/W3022662270","https://openalex.org/W3043762149","https://openalex.org/W3091755869","https://openalex.org/W3092117182","https://openalex.org/W3112923378","https://openalex.org/W3204160722","https://openalex.org/W3210206069","https://openalex.org/W4288057703","https://openalex.org/W4288701128","https://openalex.org/W4307886768","https://openalex.org/W4308641862","https://openalex.org/W4308642223","https://openalex.org/W4313058736","https://openalex.org/W4313547566","https://openalex.org/W4380758748","https://openalex.org/W4390578001","https://openalex.org/W4395663534","https://openalex.org/W4401641057","https://openalex.org/W4402593510","https://openalex.org/W4404545696","https://openalex.org/W6776775275","https://openalex.org/W6784248342","https://openalex.org/W6793285265","https://openalex.org/W7070688803"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2583381754","https://openalex.org/W2144255176","https://openalex.org/W2222333653","https://openalex.org/W109977192","https://openalex.org/W1970797462","https://openalex.org/W2019740326","https://openalex.org/W2047113772"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Smart":[0],"contracts":[1],"in":[2,51,107,130],"the":[3,84,104,142,149],"Ethereum":[4],"system":[5],"are":[6],"stored":[7],"tamper-resistant,":[8],"complicating":[9],"necessary":[10],"maintenance":[11,22,71,81,105,132,136,150],"for":[12,66,152],"offering":[13],"new":[14],"functionalities":[15],"or":[16],"fixing":[17],"security":[18,49],"vulnerabilities.":[19],"Previous":[20],"contract":[21,80,131],"approaches":[23],"mainly":[24],"focus":[25],"on":[26],"logic":[27],"modification":[28],"using":[29],"delegatecall-based":[30],"patterns.":[31],"While":[32],"popular,":[33],"they":[34],"fail":[35],"to":[36,46,99,146],"handle":[37],"data":[38],"state":[39,116],"updates":[40],"(like":[41],"storage":[42],"layout":[43],"changes),":[44],"leading":[45],"impracticality":[47],"and":[48,69,91,115],"risks":[50],"real-world":[52],"applications.":[53],"To":[54],"address":[55],"these":[56],"challenges,":[57],"this":[58],"paper":[59],"introduces":[60],"SmartUpdater,":[61],"a":[62,78,88],"novel":[63],"toolchain":[64],"designed":[65],"transparent,":[67],"automated,":[68],"secure":[70],"of":[72,109,144],"stateful":[73],"smart":[74],"contracts.":[75],"SmartUpdater":[76,102,125,145],"employs":[77],"hyperproxy-based":[79],"pattern,":[82],"where":[83],"hyperproxy":[85],"serves":[86],"as":[87],"constant":[89],"entry":[90],"ensures":[92],"that":[93,124],"any":[94],"state/logic":[95],"modifications":[96],"remain":[97],"transparent":[98],"end":[100],"users.":[101],"automates":[103],"process":[106,151],"terms":[108],"development":[110],"streamlining,":[111],"gas":[112,128],"cost":[113],"efficiency,":[114],"migration":[117],"verifiability.":[118],"In":[119],"extensive":[120],"evaluations,":[121],"we":[122],"show":[123],"can":[126],"reduce":[127],"consumption":[129],"compared":[133],"with":[134],"actual":[135],"approaches.":[137],"The":[138],"evaluations":[139],"point":[140],"out":[141],"potential":[143],"significantly":[147],"simplify":[148],"developers.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-12-21T01:58:51.020947","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}