{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404739931","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2024.3506040","title":"On-the-Fly Syntax Highlighting: Generalisation and Speed-Ups","display_name":"On-the-Fly Syntax Highlighting: Generalisation and Speed-Ups","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404739931","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2024.3506040"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tse.2024.3506040","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2024.3506040","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8351582","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","issn_l":"0098-5589","issn":["0098-5589","1939-3520","2326-3881"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011811584","display_name":"Marco Edoardo Palma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3300-4828"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Edoardo Palma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3300-4828","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Alex Wolf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0964-2224"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alex Wolf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0964-2224","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035648889","display_name":"Pasquale Salza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8687-052X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pasquale Salza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8687-052X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009436227","display_name":"Harald C. Gall","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3874-5628"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harald C. Gall","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3874-5628","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.18051161,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"51","issue":"2","first_page":"355","last_page":"370"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.7005000114440918,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.7005000114440918,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.6780999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.6248000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8634424209594727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/on-the-fly","display_name":"On the fly","score":0.6389608979225159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/syntax","display_name":"Syntax","score":0.6186308264732361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.5538269877433777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speedup","display_name":"Speedup","score":0.43266189098358154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.37612128257751465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.35482290387153625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3500444293022156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.21604594588279724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.1677410900592804}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8634424209594727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781020372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q533093","display_name":"On the fly","level":2,"score":0.6389608979225159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60048249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37437","display_name":"Syntax","level":2,"score":0.6186308264732361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.5538269877433777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68339613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1549489","display_name":"Speedup","level":2,"score":0.43266189098358154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.37612128257751465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.35482290387153625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3500444293022156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.21604594588279724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.1677410900592804}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tse.2024.3506040","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2024.3506040","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8351582","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","issn_l":"0098-5589","issn":["0098-5589","1939-3520","2326-3881"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4861447790","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SNSF204632","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","funder_display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/00yjd3n13"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1850047186","https://openalex.org/W2034770366","https://openalex.org/W2107878631","https://openalex.org/W2131774270","https://openalex.org/W2343416635","https://openalex.org/W2402649561","https://openalex.org/W2899384793","https://openalex.org/W2950635152","https://openalex.org/W2979383121","https://openalex.org/W3208277008","https://openalex.org/W4225113125","https://openalex.org/W4251988601","https://openalex.org/W4284687350","https://openalex.org/W4290055951","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W6679436768","https://openalex.org/W6729410713","https://openalex.org/W6737778391","https://openalex.org/W6747273815","https://openalex.org/W6754352043","https://openalex.org/W6758201209"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2058965144","https://openalex.org/W2164382479","https://openalex.org/W2146343568","https://openalex.org/W98480971","https://openalex.org/W2150291671","https://openalex.org/W2013643406","https://openalex.org/W2027972911","https://openalex.org/W2157978810","https://openalex.org/W4391547476","https://openalex.org/W2597809628"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"On-the-fly":[0],"syntax":[1,44,83,138,161],"highlighting":[2,45,84,139,162],"involves":[3],"the":[4,26,79,96,109,249,263],"rapid":[5],"association":[6],"of":[7,14,29,105,176],"visual":[8],"secondary":[9],"notation":[10],"with":[11,113],"each":[12],"character":[13],"a":[15,119,197,215],"language":[16],"derivation.":[17],"This":[18,179],"task":[19],"has":[20],"grown":[21],"in":[22,103,125],"importance":[23],"due":[24],"to":[25,98,142,159,167,190,203,206,225],"widespread":[27],"use":[28],"online":[30,140],"software":[31],"development":[32,59,110],"tools,":[33],"which":[34,164],"frequently":[35],"display":[36],"source":[37],"code":[38,89,137],"and":[39,58,74,157,209],"heavily":[40],"rely":[41],"on":[42,151,243],"efficient":[43],"mechanisms.":[46],"In":[47,201],"this":[48,182,212,230],"context,":[49],"resolvers":[50],"must":[51],"address":[52],"three":[53,128],"key":[54],"demands:":[55],"speed,":[56],"accuracy,":[57,93],"costs.":[60],"Speed":[61],"constraints":[62],"are":[63,165],"crucial":[64],"for":[65,71,87],"ensuring":[66],"usability,":[67],"providing":[68,196],"responsive":[69],"feedback":[70],"end":[72],"users":[73],"minimizing":[75],"system":[76],"overhead.":[77],"At":[78],"same":[80,264],"time,":[81],"precise":[82],"is":[85,253],"essential":[86],"improving":[88],"comprehension.":[90],"Achieving":[91],"such":[92,241],"however,":[94],"requires":[95],"ability":[97],"perform":[99],"grammatical":[100],"analysis,":[101],"even":[102],"cases":[104],"varying":[106],"correctness.":[107],"Additionally,":[108],"costs":[111],"associated":[112],"supporting":[114],"multiple":[115],"programming":[116,153,193],"languages":[117,194],"pose":[118],"significant":[120],"challenge.":[121],"The":[122,147,245],"technical":[123],"challenges":[124],"balancing":[126],"these":[127,227],"aspects":[129],"explain":[130],"why":[131],"developers":[132],"today":[133],"experience":[134],"significantly":[135,254],"worse":[136],"compared":[141],"what":[143],"they":[144],"have":[145],"locally.":[146],"current":[148],"state-of-the-art":[149,258],"relies":[150],"leveraging":[152],"languages\u2019":[154],"original":[155],"lexers":[156],"parsers":[158],"generate":[160],"oracles,":[163],"used":[166],"train":[168],"base":[169],"Recurrent":[170],"Neural":[171,218],"Network":[172,219],"models.":[173],"However,":[174],"questions":[175],"generalisation":[177],"remain.":[178],"paper":[180],"addresses":[181,232],"gap":[183],"by":[184],"extending":[185],"previous":[186],"work":[187,213,231],"validation":[188],"dataset":[189],"six":[191],"mainstream":[192],"thus":[195],"more":[198],"thorough":[199],"evaluation.":[200],"response":[202],"limitations":[204],"related":[205],"evaluation":[207,246],"performance":[208,237],"training":[210],"costs,":[211],"introduces":[214],"novel":[216],"Convolutional":[217],"(CNN)":[220],"based":[221],"model,":[222],"specifically":[223],"designed":[224],"mitigate":[226],"issues.":[228],"Furthermore,":[229],"an":[233],"area":[234],"previously":[235],"unexplored":[236],"gains":[238],"when":[239],"deploying":[240],"models":[242],"GPUs.":[244],"demonstrates":[247],"that":[248],"new":[250],"CNN-based":[251],"implementation":[252],"faster":[255],"than":[256],"existing":[257],"methods,":[259],"while":[260],"still":[261],"delivering":[262],"near-perfect":[265],"accuracy.":[266]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}