{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4393140556","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2024.3381235","title":"MASTER: Multi-Source Transfer Weighted Ensemble Learning for Multiple Sources Cross-Project Defect Prediction","display_name":"MASTER: Multi-Source Transfer Weighted Ensemble Learning for Multiple Sources Cross-Project Defect Prediction","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-03-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4393140556","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2024.3381235"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tse.2024.3381235","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2024.3381235","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8351582","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","issn_l":"0098-5589","issn":["0098-5589","1939-3520","2326-3881"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103089875","display_name":"Haonan Tong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9121-9408"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Haonan Tong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001804455","display_name":"Dalin Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0346-7020"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dalin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070828650","display_name":"Jiqiang Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiqiang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007723033","display_name":"Weiwei Xing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6378-926X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weiwei Xing","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100656805","display_name":"Lingyun Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0667-5183"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lingyun Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100627858","display_name":"Wei Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4574-3209"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025323494","display_name":"Yumei Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2640-6722"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yumei Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Reliability and Systems Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Reliability and Systems Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103089875"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.0296,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98770276,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"50","issue":"5","first_page":"1281","last_page":"1305"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12169","display_name":"Non-Destructive Testing Techniques","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.9775000214576721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8310372829437256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-of-learning","display_name":"Transfer of learning","score":0.5708042979240417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ensemble-learning","display_name":"Ensemble learning","score":0.5408104062080383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4694594442844391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.44189220666885376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer","display_name":"Transfer (computing)","score":0.42439591884613037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.35300642251968384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.1467653214931488}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8310372829437256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150899416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820378","display_name":"Transfer of learning","level":2,"score":0.5708042979240417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45942800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245652","display_name":"Ensemble learning","level":2,"score":0.5408104062080383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4694594442844391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.44189220666885376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776175482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1195816","display_name":"Transfer (computing)","level":2,"score":0.42439591884613037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.35300642251968384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.1467653214931488}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tse.2024.3381235","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2024.3381235","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8351582","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","issn_l":"0098-5589","issn":["0098-5589","1939-3520","2326-3881"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3040135652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023JBMC003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":65,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W168970045","https://openalex.org/W1902482618","https://openalex.org/W1909497710","https://openalex.org/W1965555277","https://openalex.org/W1995875735","https://openalex.org/W2021688474","https://openalex.org/W2048456683","https://openalex.org/W2055949897","https://openalex.org/W2064330644","https://openalex.org/W2068430427","https://openalex.org/W2075728230","https://openalex.org/W2097883090","https://openalex.org/W2101227285","https://openalex.org/W2109553965","https://openalex.org/W2112658968","https://openalex.org/W2113175552","https://openalex.org/W2115403315","https://openalex.org/W2118978333","https://openalex.org/W2119456790","https://openalex.org/W2146338950","https://openalex.org/W2147386665","https://openalex.org/W2148143831","https://openalex.org/W2151666086","https://openalex.org/W2155653793","https://openalex.org/W2165700458","https://openalex.org/W2312398278","https://openalex.org/W2471516951","https://openalex.org/W2717163760","https://openalex.org/W2731935965","https://openalex.org/W2743316948","https://openalex.org/W2748169822","https://openalex.org/W2766521509","https://openalex.org/W2771362265","https://openalex.org/W2790699127","https://openalex.org/W2802138742","https://openalex.org/W2805001156","https://openalex.org/W2896224010","https://openalex.org/W2898383220","https://openalex.org/W2898435572","https://openalex.org/W2900832447","https://openalex.org/W2954276596","https://openalex.org/W2955840377","https://openalex.org/W2955991060","https://openalex.org/W2963548617","https://openalex.org/W3034708533","https://openalex.org/W3108394417","https://openalex.org/W3110943671","https://openalex.org/W3141989311","https://openalex.org/W3150420232","https://openalex.org/W3161746459","https://openalex.org/W3164640227","https://openalex.org/W3196292180","https://openalex.org/W4206057628","https://openalex.org/W4207068100","https://openalex.org/W4211159478","https://openalex.org/W4225949347","https://openalex.org/W4226075082","https://openalex.org/W4226148285","https://openalex.org/W4238859253","https://openalex.org/W4252684946","https://openalex.org/W4283077896","https://openalex.org/W4304688778","https://openalex.org/W6635046684","https://openalex.org/W6692729736","https://openalex.org/W6783662208"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4376643315","https://openalex.org/W4324137541","https://openalex.org/W4385398839","https://openalex.org/W2900445707","https://openalex.org/W4384700341","https://openalex.org/W4394759804","https://openalex.org/W4285741730","https://openalex.org/W1191482210","https://openalex.org/W4285046548","https://openalex.org/W4210302090"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"<italic":[0],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[1,86,106,180,258],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Background:</i>":[2],"Multi-source":[3],"cross-project":[4,39],"defect":[5,11,40],"prediction":[6,41,194],"(MSCPDP)":[7],"attempts":[8],"to":[9,18,33,50,62,73,271],"transfer":[10,97,135],"knowledge":[12,55,67,129],"learned":[13],"from":[14,27,56,69],"multiple":[15],"source":[16,58,71,115],"projects":[17],"the":[19,53,64,74,79,111,127,132,149,193,198,237,249,276],"target":[20,75],"project.":[21],"MSCPDP":[22,83,152,231],"has":[23],"drawn":[24],"increasing":[25],"attention":[26],"academic":[28],"and":[29,60,121,124,167,169,177,228,246,274],"industry":[30],"communities":[31],"owing":[32],"its":[34],"advantages":[35],"compared":[36,196],"with":[37,148,154,197],"single-source":[38],"(SSCPDP).":[42],"However,":[43],"two":[44,170],"main":[45],"problems,":[46],"which":[47],"are":[48,139],"how":[49,61],"effectively":[51],"extract":[52],"transferable":[54,128],"each":[57,70,114,216],"dataset":[59,72,116],"measure":[63],"amount":[65],"of":[66,81,113,159,203,223,240,252],"transferred":[68],"dataset,":[76],"seriously":[77],"restrict":[78],"performance":[80,195],"existing":[82],"models.":[84],"<p":[85,105,179,257],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[87,107,181,259],"<i>Objective:</i>":[88],"In":[89],"this":[90],"paper,":[91],"we":[92],"propose":[93],"a":[94,280],"novel":[95],"multi-source":[96],"weighted":[98],"ensemble":[99],"learning":[100,136],"(MASTER)":[101],"method":[102],"for":[103,284],"MSCPDP.":[104,285],"<i>Method:</i>":[108],"MASTER":[109,147,189,213,278],"measures":[110,162,174],"weight":[112],"based":[117,130],"on":[118,131,141,218,243,254],"feature":[119],"importance":[120],"distribution":[122],"difference":[123],"then":[125],"extracts":[126],"proposed":[133,277],"feature-weighted":[134],"algorithm.":[137],"Experiments":[138],"performed":[140],"30":[142],"software":[143],"projects.":[144],"We":[145],"compare":[146],"latest":[150],"state-of-the-art":[151],"methods":[153],"statistical":[155],"test":[156],"in":[157,207,210,221],"terms":[158,222],"famous":[160],"effort-unaware":[161],"(i.e.,":[163],"PD,":[164],"PF,":[165],"AUC,":[166,224],"MCC)":[168],"widely":[171],"used":[172],"effort-aware":[173],"(<i>P<sub>opt</sub>":[175],"</i>20%":[176,227],"IFA).":[178],"<i>Result:</i>":[182],"The":[183],"experiment":[184],"results":[185],"show":[186],"that:":[187],"1)":[188,266],"can":[190,262],"substantially":[191],"improve":[192],"baselines,":[199],"e.g.,":[200],"an":[201],"improvement":[202],"at":[204],"least":[205],"49.1%":[206],"MCC,":[208,225],"48.1%":[209],"IFA;":[211,229],"2)":[212,275],"significantly":[214,233],"outperforms":[215,248],"baseline":[217],"most":[219,244],"datasets":[220,245],"<i>P<sub>opt</sub>":[226],"3)":[230],"model":[232,242],"performs":[234],"better":[235],"than":[236],"mean":[238],"case":[239,251],"SSCPDP":[241,253],"even":[247],"best":[250],"some":[255],"datasets.":[256],"<i>Conclusion:</i>":[260],"It":[261],"be":[263],"concluded":[264],"that":[265],"it":[267],"is":[268,279],"very":[269],"necessary":[270],"conduct":[272],"MSCPDP,":[273],"more":[281],"promising":[282],"alternative":[283]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}