{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391428886","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2024.3361033","title":"Automated Smell Detection and Recommendation in Natural Language Requirements","display_name":"Automated Smell Detection and Recommendation in Natural Language Requirements","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391428886","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2024.3361033"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tse.2024.3361033","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2024.3361033","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/32/4359463/10418899.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8351582","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","issn_l":"0098-5589","issn":["0098-5589","1939-3520","2326-3881"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/32/4359463/10418899.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088215872","display_name":"Alvaro Veizaga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4538-1471"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alvaro Veizaga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability, and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4538-1471","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability, and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088550214","display_name":"Seung Yeob Shin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9025-7173"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seung Yeob Shin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability, and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9025-7173","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability, and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078533117","display_name":"Lionel Briand","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1393-1010"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153718931","display_name":"University of Ottawa","ror":"https://ror.org/03c4mmv16","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I230495080","display_name":"University of Limerick","ror":"https://ror.org/00a0n9e72","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I230495080"]}],"countries":["CA","IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lionel C. Briand","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lero SFI Centre for Software Research, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland","school of EECS, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1393-1010","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lero SFI Centre for Software Research, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I230495080"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"school of EECS, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088215872"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6511,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89572519,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"50","issue":"4","first_page":"695","last_page":"720"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11667","display_name":"Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies","score":0.9386000037193298,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11667","display_name":"Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies","score":0.9386000037193298,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9089000225067139,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8599519729614258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language","display_name":"Natural language","score":0.5725547075271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5084484815597534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.48037606477737427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.43814581632614136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","score":0.4321029484272003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3900224566459656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.3821518123149872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3393241763114929}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8599519729614258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.5725547075271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5084484815597534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.48037606477737427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.43814581632614136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776608160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4321029484272003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3900224566459656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.3821518123149872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3393241763114929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tse.2024.3361033","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2024.3361033","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/32/4359463/10418899.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8351582","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","issn_l":"0098-5589","issn":["0098-5589","1939-3520","2326-3881"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:orbilu.uni.lu:10993/57739","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://orbilu.uni.lu/handle/10993/57739","pdf_url":"https://orbilu.uni.lu/bitstream/10993/57739/1/paper.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401815","display_name":"Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Luxembourg)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","host_organization_name":"University of Luxembourg","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering (2024)","raw_type":"peer reviewed"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tse.2024.3361033","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2024.3361033","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/32/4359463/10418899.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8351582","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","issn_l":"0098-5589","issn":["0098-5589","1939-3520","2326-3881"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6600000262260437,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1208239529","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BRIDGES18/IS/13234469/IMoReF","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321038","funder_display_name":"Fonds National de la Recherche Luxembourg"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1482659561","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"13/RC/2094-2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320847","funder_display_name":"Science Foundation Ireland"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7736775806","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"13/RC/2094","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320847","funder_display_name":"Science Foundation Ireland"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320847","display_name":"Science Foundation Ireland","ror":"https://ror.org/0271asj38"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321038","display_name":"Fonds National de la Recherche Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/039z13y21"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4391428886.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4391428886.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W81445247","https://openalex.org/W1814780677","https://openalex.org/W1978721560","https://openalex.org/W1980921642","https://openalex.org/W1996430422","https://openalex.org/W2023128682","https://openalex.org/W2039076937","https://openalex.org/W2048279992","https://openalex.org/W2053154970","https://openalex.org/W2058818941","https://openalex.org/W2088895178","https://openalex.org/W2101044066","https://openalex.org/W2116138465","https://openalex.org/W2152506470","https://openalex.org/W2162100845","https://openalex.org/W2165504642","https://openalex.org/W2207427070","https://openalex.org/W2291920259","https://openalex.org/W2518473846","https://openalex.org/W2559799015","https://openalex.org/W2559809162","https://openalex.org/W2767318500","https://openalex.org/W2788267443","https://openalex.org/W2792929624","https://openalex.org/W2937097259","https://openalex.org/W2963691697","https://openalex.org/W2993736204","https://openalex.org/W3011411500","https://openalex.org/W3089148641","https://openalex.org/W3091435513","https://openalex.org/W3091906311","https://openalex.org/W3095123302","https://openalex.org/W3104326040","https://openalex.org/W3163827648","https://openalex.org/W3168346701","https://openalex.org/W4213006144","https://openalex.org/W4233152543","https://openalex.org/W4250565671","https://openalex.org/W4251772280","https://openalex.org/W4284689801","https://openalex.org/W4299588845","https://openalex.org/W4391428886","https://openalex.org/W6600441966"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4283262748","https://openalex.org/W2502773048","https://openalex.org/W1979668694","https://openalex.org/W48866389","https://openalex.org/W2117651364","https://openalex.org/W3112533414","https://openalex.org/W2490481324","https://openalex.org/W4312662746","https://openalex.org/W2364036969","https://openalex.org/W2894473080"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Requirement":[0],"specifications":[1],"are":[2],"typically":[3],"written":[4],"in":[5,37,63,101,115,134],"natural":[6,77,86],"language":[7,78,87],"(NL)":[8],"due":[9],"to":[10,26,69,92,103],"its":[11],"usability":[12],"across":[13],"multiple":[14],"domains":[15],"and":[16,66,82,95,122,139,141,149],"understandability":[17],"by":[18],"all":[19],"stakeholders.":[20],"However,":[21],"unstructured":[22],"NL":[23,55],"is":[24,132],"prone":[25],"quality":[27,59],"problems":[28,60],"(e.g.,":[29],"ambiguity)":[30],"when":[31],"writing":[32],"requirements,":[33,56,65],"which":[34],"can":[35],"result":[36],"project":[38],"failures.":[39],"To":[40],"address":[41],"this":[42],"issue,":[43],"we":[44],"present":[45],"a":[46,83],"tool,":[47],"named":[48],"Paska,":[49],"that":[50,129],"takes":[51],"as":[52,61],"input":[53],"any":[54],"automatically":[57],"detects":[58],"smells":[62,94,136],"the":[64,116],"offers":[67],"recommendations":[68,97,146],"improve":[70,104],"their":[71],"quality.":[72,106],"Our":[73],"approach":[74],"relies":[75],"on":[76],"processing":[79],"(NLP)":[80],"techniques":[81],"state-of-the-art":[84],"controlled":[85],"(CNL)":[88],"for":[89],"requirements":[90],"(Rimay),":[91],"detect":[93],"suggest":[96],"using":[98],"patterns":[99],"defined":[100],"Rimay":[102,144],"requirement":[105],"We":[107],"evaluated":[108],"Paska":[109],"through":[110],"an":[111],"industrial":[112],"case":[113],"study":[114],"financial":[117],"domain":[118],"involving":[119],"13":[120],"systems":[121],"2725":[123],"annotated":[124],"requirements.":[125],"The":[126],"results":[127],"show":[128],"our":[130],"tool":[131],"accurate":[133],"detecting":[135],"(89%":[137],"precision":[138,148],"recall)":[140],"suggesting":[142],"appropriate":[143],"pattern":[145],"(96%":[147],"94%":[150],"recall).":[151]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
