{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391164126","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2024.3358258","title":"Multi-Language Software Development: Issues, Challenges, and Solutions","display_name":"Multi-Language Software Development: Issues, Challenges, and Solutions","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391164126","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2024.3358258"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tse.2024.3358258","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2024.3358258","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8351582","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","issn_l":"0098-5589","issn":["0098-5589","1939-3520","2326-3881"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058556316","display_name":"Haoran Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9298-9757"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72951846","display_name":"Washington State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05dk0ce17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Haoran Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, Pullman, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9298-9757","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, Pullman, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030441764","display_name":"Yu Nong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8598-5181"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72951846","display_name":"Washington State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05dk0ce17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Nong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, Pullman, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8598-5181","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, Pullman, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100664826","display_name":"Shaowei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3252-6264"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46247651","display_name":"University of Manitoba","ror":"https://ror.org/02gfys938","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaowei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3252-6264","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076081056","display_name":"Haipeng Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5224-9970"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72951846","display_name":"Washington State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05dk0ce17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haipeng Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, Pullman, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5224-9970","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, Pullman, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058556316"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":16.412,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99022274,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"50","issue":"3","first_page":"512","last_page":"533"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10639","display_name":"Advanced Software Engineering Methodologies","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7265349626541138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interoperability","display_name":"Interoperability","score":0.5993589162826538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.5172994136810303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.480074942111969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4740452766418457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.47167477011680603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.38752010464668274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.32382702827453613}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7265349626541138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20136886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749647","display_name":"Interoperability","level":2,"score":0.5993589162826538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.5172994136810303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.480074942111969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4740452766418457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.47167477011680603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.38752010464668274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.32382702827453613}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tse.2024.3358258","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2024.3358258","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8351582","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","issn_l":"0098-5589","issn":["0098-5589","1939-3520","2326-3881"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1945487394","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N000142212111","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1985280909","https://openalex.org/W2016211361","https://openalex.org/W2048019999","https://openalex.org/W2056894403","https://openalex.org/W2085051041","https://openalex.org/W2088760879","https://openalex.org/W2142958724","https://openalex.org/W2146292355","https://openalex.org/W2174706414","https://openalex.org/W2402619042","https://openalex.org/W2404987555","https://openalex.org/W2511548333","https://openalex.org/W2548165777","https://openalex.org/W2564228987","https://openalex.org/W2604794021","https://openalex.org/W2606310092","https://openalex.org/W2606396711","https://openalex.org/W2759023773","https://openalex.org/W2765212458","https://openalex.org/W2810627707","https://openalex.org/W2962771808","https://openalex.org/W3024200301","https://openalex.org/W3040719252","https://openalex.org/W3095662607","https://openalex.org/W3096731927","https://openalex.org/W3098294082","https://openalex.org/W3104656873","https://openalex.org/W3104885561","https://openalex.org/W3120235147","https://openalex.org/W3131012613","https://openalex.org/W3162246821","https://openalex.org/W3195421019","https://openalex.org/W3211844860","https://openalex.org/W4213053623","https://openalex.org/W4236132135","https://openalex.org/W4244757210","https://openalex.org/W4281661448","https://openalex.org/W4284687350","https://openalex.org/W4292212690","https://openalex.org/W4308642993","https://openalex.org/W4308643022","https://openalex.org/W4308648324","https://openalex.org/W4384345670","https://openalex.org/W4388421852","https://openalex.org/W6776998567","https://openalex.org/W6786035129","https://openalex.org/W6804292544","https://openalex.org/W6920995003","https://openalex.org/W6958336142"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2476117260","https://openalex.org/W2770531922","https://openalex.org/W1845068655","https://openalex.org/W4321354308","https://openalex.org/W3118244000","https://openalex.org/W2290299503","https://openalex.org/W3029851195","https://openalex.org/W2183585111","https://openalex.org/W2211158793","https://openalex.org/W2046884474"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Developing":[0],"software":[1],"projects":[2],"that":[3,82,140,277],"incorporate":[4],"multiple":[5],"languages":[6,203,217],"has":[7],"been":[8],"a":[9,59,69,86,120,191,219,232,252],"prevalent":[10],"practice":[11],"for":[12,110],"many":[13],"years.":[14],"However,":[15],"the":[16,24,27,36,145,173,197,241,245,261],"<italic":[17,29,37],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[18,30,38],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">issues</i>":[19],"encountered":[20],"by":[21,57,170,281],"developers":[22,42,171,186,284],"during":[23],"development":[25,84],"process,":[26],"underlying":[28],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">challenges</i>":[31],"causing":[32],"these":[33,55,116,238],"issues,":[34],"and":[35,88,99,131,175,182,206,258,275,283],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">solutions</i>":[39],"provided":[40],"to":[41,51,54,148,161,190,237],"remain":[43],"unknown.":[44],"In":[45,210],"this":[46,286],"paper,":[47],"our":[48,267],"objective":[49],"is":[50,85],"provide":[52],"answers":[53],"questions":[56,96],"conducting":[58],"study":[60],"on":[61,64,92,196,266],"developer":[62],"discussions":[63],"Stack":[65,228],"Overflow":[66,229],"(SO).":[67],"Through":[68],"manual":[70],"analysis":[71,138,268],"of":[72,123,193,200,235,244],"586":[73],"highly":[74,87],"relevant":[75],"posts":[76,246],"spanning":[77],"14":[78],"years,":[79],"we":[80,118,270],"revealed":[81],"multilingual":[83,180],"sustainably":[89],"active":[90,109],"topic":[91],"SO,":[93],"with":[94,222,240],"older":[95],"becoming":[97],"inactive":[98],"newer":[100],"ones":[101],"getting":[102],"first":[103],"asked":[104],"(and":[105],"then":[106],"mostly":[107],"remaining":[108],"more":[111],"than":[112],"one":[113],"year).":[114],"From":[115],"posts,":[117],"observed":[119],"diverse":[121],"array":[122],"issues":[124,143,157],"(11":[125],"categories),":[126],"primarily":[127],"centered":[128],"around":[129],"interfacing":[130],"data":[132],"handling":[133,142,213],"across":[134,216],"different":[135,201],"languages.":[136],"Our":[137],"suggests":[139],"error/exception":[141],"were":[144,158],"most":[146,159,250],"difficult":[147],"resolve":[149],"among":[150],"those":[151],"issue":[152],"categories,":[153],"while":[154],"security":[155],"related":[156],"likely":[160],"receive":[162],"an":[163],"accepted":[164,248],"answer.":[165],"The":[166],"primary":[167],"challenge":[168,221],"faced":[169],"was":[172],"complexity":[174],"diversity":[176],"inherent":[177],"in":[178,260,285],"building":[179],"code":[181],"ensuring":[183],"interoperability.":[184],"Additionally,":[185],"often":[187],"struggled":[188],"due":[189],"lack":[192],"technical":[194],"expertise":[195],"varied":[198],"features":[199],"programming":[202],"(e.g.,":[204],"threading":[205],"memory":[207],"management":[208],"mechanisms).":[209],"addition,":[211],"properly":[212],"message":[214],"passing":[215],"constituted":[218],"key":[220],"using":[223],"implicit":[224],"language":[225],"interfacing.":[226],"Notably,":[227],"emerged":[230],"as":[231],"crucial":[233],"source":[234],"solutions":[236],"challenges,":[239],"majority":[242],"(73%)":[243],"receiving":[247],"answers,":[249],"within":[251,255],"week":[253],"(36.5%":[254],"24":[256],"hours":[257],"25%":[259],"following":[262],"six":[263],"days).":[264],"Based":[265],"results,":[269],"have":[271],"formulated":[272],"actionable":[273],"insights":[274],"recommendations":[276],"can":[278],"be":[279],"utilized":[280],"researchers":[282],"field.":[287]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}