{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390357286","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2023.3340267","title":"Meta-Path Based Attentional Graph Learning Model for Vulnerability Detection","display_name":"Meta-Path Based Attentional Graph Learning Model for Vulnerability Detection","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390357286","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2023.3340267"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tse.2023.3340267","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2023.3340267","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8351582","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","issn_l":"0098-5589","issn":["0098-5589","1939-3520","2326-3881"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047620514","display_name":"Xin-Cheng Wen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2115-9921"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xin-Cheng Wen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2115-9921","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103094513","display_name":"Cuiyun Gao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cuiyun Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China","Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Security and Intelligence Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8513-6836","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Security and Intelligence Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101469924","display_name":"Jiaxin Ye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5523-809X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaxin Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5523-809X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100426730","display_name":"Yichen Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8370-644X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yichen Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8370-644X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056608045","display_name":"Zhihong Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9409-5359"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37987034","display_name":"Guangzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ar8rn06","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhihong Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9409-5359","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030424204","display_name":"Yan Jia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8012-5097"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136793","display_name":"Peng Cheng Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03qdqbt06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100328995","display_name":"Xuan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3512-0649"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China","Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Security and Intelligence Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3512-0649","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Security and Intelligence Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047620514"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.4399,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98648174,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"50","issue":"3","first_page":"360","last_page":"375"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9764000177383423,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9645000100135803,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6570883989334106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5680489540100098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.5269963145256042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-code","display_name":"Source code","score":0.5047444105148315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4755503833293915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.4623476564884186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.39229318499565125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.35190680623054504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.22744101285934448}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6570883989334106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5680489540100098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.5269963145256042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.5047444105148315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4755503833293915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.4623476564884186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.39229318499565125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.35190680623054504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.22744101285934448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tse.2023.3340267","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2023.3340267","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8351582","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","issn_l":"0098-5589","issn":["0098-5589","1939-3520","2326-3881"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5600000023841858,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2505869560","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U20B2046","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3616843134","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023A1515011959","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6373242444","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62002084","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":68,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W103340358","https://openalex.org/W1832693441","https://openalex.org/W1992114977","https://openalex.org/W2043837581","https://openalex.org/W2079735306","https://openalex.org/W2079753286","https://openalex.org/W2105482032","https://openalex.org/W2113757735","https://openalex.org/W2117344958","https://openalex.org/W2132083787","https://openalex.org/W2138756793","https://openalex.org/W2146957318","https://openalex.org/W2166336492","https://openalex.org/W2187089797","https://openalex.org/W2250966211","https://openalex.org/W2302255633","https://openalex.org/W2618772563","https://openalex.org/W2748690817","https://openalex.org/W2781491433","https://openalex.org/W2883178971","https://openalex.org/W2885030880","https://openalex.org/W2912290085","https://openalex.org/W2962960733","https://openalex.org/W2964051675","https://openalex.org/W2979566992","https://openalex.org/W2981223243","https://openalex.org/W2982577744","https://openalex.org/W2997451752","https://openalex.org/W2998026230","https://openalex.org/W3014339000","https://openalex.org/W3045279034","https://openalex.org/W3091588759","https://openalex.org/W3098605233","https://openalex.org/W3101228802","https://openalex.org/W3111602563","https://openalex.org/W3121461812","https://openalex.org/W3131641316","https://openalex.org/W3156861396","https://openalex.org/W3166095789","https://openalex.org/W3177116043","https://openalex.org/W3194346579","https://openalex.org/W3197715376","https://openalex.org/W3199263538","https://openalex.org/W4200154784","https://openalex.org/W4221033043","https://openalex.org/W4221153183","https://openalex.org/W4225673889","https://openalex.org/W4239025696","https://openalex.org/W4284667406","https://openalex.org/W4285252588","https://openalex.org/W4289752563","https://openalex.org/W4297682444","https://openalex.org/W4297733535","https://openalex.org/W4312436517","https://openalex.org/W4312838748","https://openalex.org/W4312969325","https://openalex.org/W6690815549","https://openalex.org/W6726873649","https://openalex.org/W6745034332","https://openalex.org/W6745537798","https://openalex.org/W6754601402","https://openalex.org/W6766978945","https://openalex.org/W6767248609","https://openalex.org/W6767260250","https://openalex.org/W6767710714","https://openalex.org/W6779733120","https://openalex.org/W6783227185","https://openalex.org/W6796783112"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4224009465","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W4286629047","https://openalex.org/W4205958290","https://openalex.org/W4384212932","https://openalex.org/W4390590544","https://openalex.org/W2990460313","https://openalex.org/W2973458857","https://openalex.org/W3081644756"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,103],"recent":[1],"years,":[2],"deep":[3,96],"learning":[4,122],"(DL)-based":[5],"methods":[6,17,46,86,225],"have":[7],"been":[8],"widely":[9],"used":[10],"in":[11,53,74,89,98,151,183,204,226,239],"code":[12,26,55,100,125,149],"vulnerability":[13,240],"detection.":[14,241],"The":[15],"DL-based":[16],"typically":[18],"extract":[19],"structural":[20,163],"information":[21],"from":[22],"source":[23],"code,":[24],"e.g.,":[25],"structure":[27,56,101],"graph,":[28,57,76],"and":[29,193,212],"adopt":[30],"neural":[31,171],"networks":[32],"such":[33],"as":[34,158],"Graph":[35],"Neural":[36],"Networks":[37],"(GNNs)":[38],"to":[39,48,94,160,176],"learn":[40],"the":[41,50,54,59,64,75,80,95,99,153,162,178,184,194,200,218,223],"graph":[42,81,146,170],"representations.":[43],"However,":[44],"these":[45,85],"fail":[47],"consider":[49],"heterogeneous":[51,60,154],"relations":[52,61,155,179],"i.e.,":[58],"mean":[62],"that":[63,197],"different":[65,70],"types":[66,71],"of":[67,72,206],"edges":[68],"connect":[69],"nodes":[73,182],"which":[77,152],"may":[78],"obstruct":[79],"representation":[82],"learning.":[83],"Besides,":[84],"are":[87,156],"limited":[88],"capturing":[90],"long-range":[91],"dependencies":[92],"due":[93],"levels":[97],"graph.":[102,185],"this":[104],"paper,":[105],"we":[106],"propose":[107],"a":[108,143],"<bold":[109,114,118,127,132,137],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[110,115,119,128,133,138],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">M</b>":[111],"eta-path":[112],"based":[113,167],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">A</b>":[116],"ttentional":[117],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">G</b>":[120],"raph":[121],"model":[123],"for":[124,147],"vul":[126],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">NE</b>":[129],"rability":[130],"de":[131],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">T</b>":[134],"ection,":[135],"called":[136],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">MAGNET</b>":[139],".":[140],"MAGNET":[141,188,198,215],"constructs":[142],"multi-granularity":[144],"meta-path":[145,166],"each":[148],"snippet,":[150],"denoted":[157],"meta-paths":[159],"represent":[161],"information.":[164],"A":[165],"hierarchical":[168],"attentional":[169],"network":[172],"is":[173],"also":[174,216],"proposed":[175],"capture":[177],"between":[180],"distant":[181],"We":[186],"evaluate":[187],"on":[189],"three":[190],"public":[191],"datasets":[192],"results":[195],"show":[196],"outperforms":[199],"best":[201,219],"baseline":[202,224],"method":[203],"terms":[205],"F1":[207],"score":[208],"by":[209],"6.32%,":[210],"21.50%,":[211],"25.40%,":[213],"respectively.":[214],"achieves":[217],"performance":[220],"among":[221],"all":[222],"detecting":[227],"Top-25":[228],"most":[229],"dangerous":[230],"Common":[231],"Weakness":[232],"Enumerations":[233],"(CWEs),":[234],"further":[235],"demonstrating":[236],"its":[237],"effectiveness":[238]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}