{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387986902","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2023.3324719","title":"FeatRacer: Locating Features Through Assisted Traceability","display_name":"FeatRacer: Locating Features Through Assisted Traceability","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387986902","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2023.3324719"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tse.2023.3324719","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2023.3324719","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8351582","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","issn_l":"0098-5589","issn":["0098-5589","1939-3520","2326-3881"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000315992","display_name":"Mukelabai Mukelabai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3868-4319"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33278361","display_name":"University of Zambia","ror":"https://ror.org/03gh19d69","country_code":"ZM","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33278361"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","display_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/040wg7k59","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881427289","display_name":"University of Gothenburg","ror":"https://ror.org/01tm6cn81","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881427289"]}],"countries":["SE","ZM"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mukelabai Mukelabai","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia","Chalmers, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3868-4319","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33278361"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chalmers, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912","https://openalex.org/I881427289"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103261870","display_name":"Kevin Hermann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6207-4045"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I904495901","display_name":"Ruhr University Bochum","ror":"https://ror.org/04tsk2644","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin Hermann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6207-4045","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072456187","display_name":"Thorsten Berger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3870-5167"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","display_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/040wg7k59","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881427289","display_name":"University of Gothenburg","ror":"https://ror.org/01tm6cn81","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881427289"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I904495901","display_name":"Ruhr University Bochum","ror":"https://ror.org/04tsk2644","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}],"countries":["DE","SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thorsten Berger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany","Chalmers, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3870-5167","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chalmers, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912","https://openalex.org/I881427289"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033422210","display_name":"Jan-Philipp Stegh\u00f6fer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1694-0972"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","display_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/040wg7k59","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881427289","display_name":"University of Gothenburg","ror":"https://ror.org/01tm6cn81","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881427289"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan-Philipp Stegh\u00f6fer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xitaso, Augsburg, Germany","Chalmers, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1694-0972","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xitaso, Augsburg, Germany","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chalmers, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912","https://openalex.org/I881427289"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.5213,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9516358,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"49","issue":"12","first_page":"5060","last_page":"5083"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12016","display_name":"Web Data Mining and Analysis","score":0.9847000241279602,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/codebase","display_name":"Codebase","score":0.8755356073379517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7383310794830322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5161241292953491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5147033333778381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-positive-paradox","display_name":"False positive paradox","score":0.5038835406303406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3829995095729828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.32037991285324097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.3199915289878845}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51929080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2425187","display_name":"Codebase","level":3,"score":0.8755356073379517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7383310794830322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5161241292953491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5147033333778381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64869954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1859747","display_name":"False positive paradox","level":2,"score":0.5038835406303406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3829995095729828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.32037991285324097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.3199915289878845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tse.2023.3324719","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2023.3324719","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8351582","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","issn_l":"0098-5589","issn":["0098-5589","1939-3520","2326-3881"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.4699999988079071}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3732333111","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Germany\u2019s Excellence Strategy\u2014EXC 2092 CASA\u2014390781972","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":93,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W140777655","https://openalex.org/W159649949","https://openalex.org/W1045349118","https://openalex.org/W1501652040","https://openalex.org/W1512360405","https://openalex.org/W1516945324","https://openalex.org/W1547743088","https://openalex.org/W1570588439","https://openalex.org/W1835203835","https://openalex.org/W1950413180","https://openalex.org/W1979037869","https://openalex.org/W1979991500","https://openalex.org/W1986958631","https://openalex.org/W1987314273","https://openalex.org/W2005261664","https://openalex.org/W2048064553","https://openalex.org/W2058154764","https://openalex.org/W2061604051","https://openalex.org/W2064189581","https://openalex.org/W2068160829","https://openalex.org/W2072325005","https://openalex.org/W2092120442","https://openalex.org/W2093238926","https://openalex.org/W2099213660","https://openalex.org/W2105438268","https://openalex.org/W2105950237","https://openalex.org/W2115941721","https://openalex.org/W2118548380","https://openalex.org/W2128967738","https://openalex.org/W2132139283","https://openalex.org/W2132887549","https://openalex.org/W2133223948","https://openalex.org/W2139034092","https://openalex.org/W2139543149","https://openalex.org/W2143600439","https://openalex.org/W2144179818","https://openalex.org/W2146146776","https://openalex.org/W2148155140","https://openalex.org/W2153546999","https://openalex.org/W2154362664","https://openalex.org/W2155943924","https://openalex.org/W2156062547","https://openalex.org/W2157771728","https://openalex.org/W2158997610","https://openalex.org/W2166779248","https://openalex.org/W2167980913","https://openalex.org/W2170167679","https://openalex.org/W2171511087","https://openalex.org/W2495617574","https://openalex.org/W2500697748","https://openalex.org/W2525801640","https://openalex.org/W2577632861","https://openalex.org/W2579839439","https://openalex.org/W2589508708","https://openalex.org/W2750636750","https://openalex.org/W2794654460","https://openalex.org/W2795150358","https://openalex.org/W2886368483","https://openalex.org/W2888536196","https://openalex.org/W2901833024","https://openalex.org/W2904680236","https://openalex.org/W2914419291","https://openalex.org/W2959329670","https://openalex.org/W2967363435","https://openalex.org/W2968398901","https://openalex.org/W2969160519","https://openalex.org/W3008214279","https://openalex.org/W3014105160","https://openalex.org/W3025796623","https://openalex.org/W3080081707","https://openalex.org/W3083328823","https://openalex.org/W3088967648","https://openalex.org/W3093575449","https://openalex.org/W3097385206","https://openalex.org/W3143516637","https://openalex.org/W3148125709","https://openalex.org/W3162837131","https://openalex.org/W3163483881","https://openalex.org/W3181568665","https://openalex.org/W3193922063","https://openalex.org/W3197646629","https://openalex.org/W3197878590","https://openalex.org/W4206600618","https://openalex.org/W4231510805","https://openalex.org/W4241558139","https://openalex.org/W4319867185","https://openalex.org/W4319867233","https://openalex.org/W4388483628","https://openalex.org/W6601305514","https://openalex.org/W6604666735","https://openalex.org/W6631875532","https://openalex.org/W6639619044","https://openalex.org/W6680483772"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210714572","https://openalex.org/W236697550","https://openalex.org/W2966393348","https://openalex.org/W2603924900","https://openalex.org/W4233135075","https://openalex.org/W2024584766","https://openalex.org/W2514278241","https://openalex.org/W1557094818","https://openalex.org/W2771478719","https://openalex.org/W4291746025"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Locating":[0],"features":[1,32,37,53,114,191,284],"is":[2,12,38,110,129],"one":[3],"of":[4,201,274,292,299,328,345,366],"the":[5,24,58,61,84,137,149,199,224,234,239,251,275,290,308,341],"most":[6,276],"common":[7,277],"software":[8,138],"development":[9],"activities.":[10],"It":[11,334],"typically":[13],"done":[14],"during":[15,115,195],"maintenance":[16],"and":[17,40,52,97,132,140,176,188,192,211,269,304,317,326,369],"evolution,":[18],"when":[19,118,136],"developers":[20,185],"need":[21,143],"to":[22,75,103,144,186,220,279,307,360,371],"identify":[23],"exact":[25],"places":[26],"in":[27,106,123,180,238,376],"a":[28,124,181,212,217,313,318,367],"codebase":[29],"where":[30],"specific":[31],"are":[33,47,54,120],"implemented.":[34],"Unfortunately,":[35,86],"locating":[36],"laborious":[39],"error-prone,":[41],"since":[42],"feature":[43,67,174,178,235,261,338,374],"knowledge":[44],"fades,":[45],"projects":[46,295],"developed":[48],"by":[49,250],"different":[50],"developers,":[51],"often":[55],"scattered":[56],"across":[57],"codebase.":[59,85],"Recognizing":[60],"need,":[62],"many":[63,100],"<italic":[64,111,151,157,162],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[65,112,152,158,163],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">automated":[66],"location":[68,154,179,262],"techniques</i>":[69],"have":[70],"been":[71],"proposed,":[72],"which":[73,172,230],"try":[74],"retroactively":[76],"recover":[77,94],"features,":[78,229],"i.e.,":[79],"very":[80],"domain-specific":[81],"information":[82],"from":[83,233,289,362],"such":[87,141,281],"techniques":[88],"require":[89],"large":[90],"training":[91],"datasets,":[92],"only":[93],"coarse-grained":[95],"locations":[96,194,247,339],"produce":[98],"too":[99],"false":[101],"positives":[102],"be":[104,145],"useful":[105],"practice.":[107],"An":[108],"alternative":[109],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">recording":[113],"development</i>":[116],",":[117],"they":[119],"still":[121],"fresh":[122],"developer's":[125],"mind.":[126],"However,":[127],"recording":[128,175,236],"easily":[130],"forgotten":[131,373],"also":[133,244],"costly,":[134],"especially":[135],"evolves":[139],"recordings":[142],"updated.":[146],"We":[147,169],"address":[148],"infamous":[150],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">feature":[153],"problem</i>":[155,166],"(a.k.a.,":[156],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">concern":[159],"location</i>":[160],"or":[161],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">concept":[164],"assignment":[165],")":[167],"differently.":[168],"present":[170],"FeatRacer,":[171],"combines":[173],"automated":[177,260],"way":[182],"that":[183,256],"allows":[184],"proactively":[187],"continuously":[189],"record":[190],"their":[193],"development,":[196],"while":[197],"addressing":[198],"shortcomings":[200],"both":[202],"strategies.":[203],"Specifically,":[204],"FeatRacer":[205,222,243,257,311,355],"relies":[206],"on":[207,264,357],"embedded":[208],"code":[209,364],"annotations":[210,375],"machine-learning-based":[213],"recommender":[214],"system.":[215],"When":[216],"developer":[218,225],"forgets":[219],"annotate,":[221],"reminds":[223],"about":[226],"potentially":[227],"missing":[228],"it":[231],"learned":[232],"practices":[237],"project":[240],"at":[241],"hand.":[242],"facilitates":[245],"fine-grained":[246],"as":[248],"decided":[249],"developer.":[252],"Our":[253],"evaluation":[254,347],"shows":[255],"outperforms":[258],"traditional":[259,309],"based":[263],"Latent":[265],"Semantic":[266],"Indexing":[267],"(LSI)":[268],"Linear":[270],"Discriminant":[271],"Analysis":[272],"(LDA)\u2014two":[273],"methods":[278],"realize":[280],"techniques\u2014when":[282],"predicting":[283],"for":[285,352],"4,650":[286],"commit":[287],"changesets":[288],"histories":[291],"16":[293,332],"open-source":[294],"spanning":[296],"an":[297,323],"average":[298,324,358],"three":[300],"years":[301],"between":[302],"1985":[303],"2015.":[305],"Compared":[306],"techniques,":[310],"showed":[312],"3x":[314],"higher":[315,320],"precision":[316,325],"4.5x":[319],"recall,":[321],"with":[322],"recall":[327],"89.6%":[329],"among":[330],"all":[331],"projects.":[333],"can":[335],"accurately":[336],"predict":[337,372],"within":[340],"first":[342],"five":[343],"commits":[344],"our":[346],"projects,":[348],"being":[349],"effective":[350],"already":[351],"small":[353],"datasets.":[354],"takes":[356],"1.9ms":[359],"learn":[361],"past":[363],"fragments":[365],"project,":[368],"0.002ms":[370],"new":[377],"code.":[378]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}