{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4362714579","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2023.3265362","title":"Specializing Neural Networks for Cryptographic Code Completion Applications","display_name":"Specializing Neural Networks for Cryptographic Code Completion Applications","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4362714579","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2023.3265362"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tse.2023.3265362","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2023.3265362","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/32/4359463/10097631.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8351582","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","issn_l":"0098-5589","issn":["0098-5589","1939-3520","2326-3881"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/32/4359463/10097631.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100765378","display_name":"Ya Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4030-811X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ya Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011655820","display_name":"Wenjia Song","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenjia Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065738809","display_name":"Jingyuan Qi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2747-2903"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingyuan Qi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022718146","display_name":"Bimal Viswanath","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6559-9689"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bimal Viswanath","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055368149","display_name":"Patrick McDaniel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2091-7484"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrick McDaniel","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer, Data and Information Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer, Data and Information Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034366344","display_name":"Danfeng Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8969-2792"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Danfeng Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100765378"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1773,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77948179,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"13"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9801999926567078,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.9045682549476624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.6029714941978455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/application-programming-interface","display_name":"Application programming interface","score":0.5915511250495911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/java","display_name":"Java","score":0.5341659188270569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dataflow","display_name":"Dataflow","score":0.4958535134792328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.4500015377998352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.43777093291282654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.42565304040908813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.36192354559898376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.3203566372394562}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.9045682549476624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6029714941978455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99613125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165194","display_name":"Application programming interface","level":2,"score":0.5915511250495911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548217200","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251","display_name":"Java","level":2,"score":0.5341659188270569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96324660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205446","display_name":"Dataflow","level":2,"score":0.4958535134792328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.4500015377998352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.43777093291282654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.42565304040908813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.36192354559898376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.3203566372394562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tse.2023.3265362","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2023.3265362","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/32/4359463/10097631.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8351582","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","issn_l":"0098-5589","issn":["0098-5589","1939-3520","2326-3881"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tse.2023.3265362","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2023.3265362","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/32/4359463/10097631.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8351582","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","issn_l":"0098-5589","issn":["0098-5589","1939-3520","2326-3881"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2787094328","display_name":"SaTC: TTP: Medium: Collaborative: Deployment-quality and Accessible Solutions for Cryptography Code Development","funder_award_id":"1929701","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5468682457","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1929701","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G848032724","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4362714579.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4362714579.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":67,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1771830246","https://openalex.org/W1964071625","https://openalex.org/W1994573369","https://openalex.org/W2010608861","https://openalex.org/W2059215200","https://openalex.org/W2060384944","https://openalex.org/W2101105183","https://openalex.org/W2140609933","https://openalex.org/W2148190602","https://openalex.org/W2246134316","https://openalex.org/W2344444819","https://openalex.org/W2357927175","https://openalex.org/W2497764072","https://openalex.org/W2511044583","https://openalex.org/W2548627465","https://openalex.org/W2698406033","https://openalex.org/W2753108589","https://openalex.org/W2759023773","https://openalex.org/W2768572539","https://openalex.org/W2786865417","https://openalex.org/W2896457183","https://openalex.org/W2963617989","https://openalex.org/W2964110616","https://openalex.org/W2965373594","https://openalex.org/W2984297109","https://openalex.org/W2985320478","https://openalex.org/W3003572584","https://openalex.org/W3005855585","https://openalex.org/W3006491415","https://openalex.org/W3041751018","https://openalex.org/W3085192122","https://openalex.org/W3089307846","https://openalex.org/W3098605233","https://openalex.org/W3099302725","https://openalex.org/W3105247453","https://openalex.org/W3108032709","https://openalex.org/W3126675481","https://openalex.org/W3146720657","https://openalex.org/W3177813494","https://openalex.org/W3212496002","https://openalex.org/W4200634422","https://openalex.org/W4213053623","https://openalex.org/W4223894403","https://openalex.org/W4311887664","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W6633145936","https://openalex.org/W6718692554","https://openalex.org/W6723530060","https://openalex.org/W6730164271","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6743729690","https://openalex.org/W6745034332","https://openalex.org/W6747935233","https://openalex.org/W6748774801","https://openalex.org/W6751531854","https://openalex.org/W6755207826","https://openalex.org/W6763701032","https://openalex.org/W6766673545","https://openalex.org/W6767260250","https://openalex.org/W6778883912","https://openalex.org/W6783958930","https://openalex.org/W6785803531","https://openalex.org/W6790588633","https://openalex.org/W6798182279","https://openalex.org/W6803522900","https://openalex.org/W6803958908","https://openalex.org/W6809717377"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2293118914","https://openalex.org/W2998381397","https://openalex.org/W4236419692","https://openalex.org/W2171015181","https://openalex.org/W3167919718","https://openalex.org/W4251718783","https://openalex.org/W4239447582","https://openalex.org/W1484403103","https://openalex.org/W2320820360","https://openalex.org/W2026041383"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Similarities":[0],"between":[1,92],"natural":[2],"languages":[3,6],"and":[4,22,37,57,72,88,123,163],"programming":[5,52],"have":[7,164],"prompted":[8],"researchers":[9],"to":[10,15,64,82,105,136],"apply":[11],"neural":[12,39,78,96,113],"network":[13,40,79,97,114],"models":[14],"software":[16],"problems,":[17],"such":[18],"as":[19],"code":[20],"generation":[21],"repair.":[23],"However,":[24],"program-specific":[25],"characteristics":[26],"pose":[27],"unique":[28],"prediction":[29,48],"challenges":[30,49,87],"that":[31,59,130],"require":[32],"the":[33,84,153],"design":[34,75,157],"of":[35,155],"new":[36,47,77],"specialized":[38,102],"solutions.":[41],"In":[42],"this":[43],"work,":[44],"we":[45,151],"identify":[46],"in":[50,69],"application":[51],"interface":[53],"(API)":[54],"completion":[55,146],"tasks":[56],"find":[58],"existing":[60],"solutions":[61],"are":[62,131],"unable":[63],"capture":[65],"complex":[66,90],"program":[67,70],"dependencies":[68,91],"semantics":[71],"structures.":[73],"We":[74,116],"a":[76,101],"model":[80],"Multi-HyLSTM":[81,118,140],"overcome":[83],"newly":[85],"identified":[86],"comprehend":[89],"API":[93,109,128,145],"calls.":[94],"Our":[95,139],"is":[98],"empowered":[99],"with":[100],"dataflow":[103],"analysis":[104],"extract":[106],"multiple":[107],"global":[108],"dependence":[110],"paths":[111],"for":[112,134],"predictions.":[115],"evaluate":[117],"on":[119],"64,478":[120],"Android":[121],"Apps":[122],"predict":[124],"774,460":[125],"Java":[126],"cryptographic":[127],"calls":[129],"usually":[132],"challenging":[133],"developers":[135],"use":[137],"correctly.":[138],"achieves":[141],"an":[142,160],"excellent":[143],"top-1":[144],"accuracy":[147],"at":[148],"98.99%.":[149],"Moreover,":[150],"show":[152],"effectiveness":[154],"our":[156,166],"choices":[158],"through":[159],"ablation":[161],"study":[162],"released":[165],"dataset.":[167]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}