{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312454595","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2022.3224053","title":"To Follow or Not to Follow: Understanding <i>Issue/Pull-Request Templates</i> on GitHub","display_name":"To Follow or Not to Follow: Understanding <i>Issue/Pull-Request Templates</i> on GitHub","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312454595","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2022.3224053"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tse.2022.3224053","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2022.3224053","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8351582","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","issn_l":"0098-5589","issn":["0098-5589","1939-3520","2326-3881"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100655056","display_name":"Zhixing Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7981-5418"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhixing Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100397991","display_name":"Yue Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9865-2212"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yue Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101443920","display_name":"Tao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8681-3026"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100639534","display_name":"Yan Lei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4504-6806"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Lei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Big Data and Software Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Big Data and Software Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100347016","display_name":"Ying Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8645-4326"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Software College, Northeasthern University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Software College, Northeasthern University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101522100","display_name":"Huaimin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3245-1901"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huaimin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100655056"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.7388,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96307807,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"49","issue":"4","first_page":"2530","last_page":"2544"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11675","display_name":"Open Source Software Innovations","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7699319124221802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/template","display_name":"Template","score":0.7130217552185059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5215068459510803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5196110606193542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.458683043718338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.43028855323791504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.411118745803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-code","display_name":"Source code","score":0.4107292890548706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.38570427894592285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3660985231399536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.3257846534252167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.17948025465011597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08500778675079346}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7699319124221802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82714645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q438331","display_name":"Template","level":2,"score":0.7130217552185059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5215068459510803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5196110606193542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.458683043718338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.43028855323791504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.411118745803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.4107292890548706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.38570427894592285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3660985231399536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.3257846534252167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.17948025465011597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08500778675079346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tse.2022.3224053","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2022.3224053","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8351582","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","issn_l":"0098-5589","issn":["0098-5589","1939-3520","2326-3881"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.46000000834465027,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":71,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1491087240","https://openalex.org/W1592081868","https://openalex.org/W1780778418","https://openalex.org/W1981109290","https://openalex.org/W1981425990","https://openalex.org/W1984080818","https://openalex.org/W1988320117","https://openalex.org/W2014690198","https://openalex.org/W2035030692","https://openalex.org/W2040915209","https://openalex.org/W2057245786","https://openalex.org/W2093041713","https://openalex.org/W2107142491","https://openalex.org/W2109962300","https://openalex.org/W2139092060","https://openalex.org/W2144160189","https://openalex.org/W2154236932","https://openalex.org/W2157071571","https://openalex.org/W2159401492","https://openalex.org/W2160517961","https://openalex.org/W2168248828","https://openalex.org/W2354248936","https://openalex.org/W2368671040","https://openalex.org/W2394834103","https://openalex.org/W2440056063","https://openalex.org/W2499134242","https://openalex.org/W2508918698","https://openalex.org/W2559885217","https://openalex.org/W2600079720","https://openalex.org/W2619400223","https://openalex.org/W2741600166","https://openalex.org/W2767481173","https://openalex.org/W2768067395","https://openalex.org/W2794957215","https://openalex.org/W2794967409","https://openalex.org/W2890432166","https://openalex.org/W2894675580","https://openalex.org/W2899099075","https://openalex.org/W2899117127","https://openalex.org/W2899274966","https://openalex.org/W2922250230","https://openalex.org/W2953859928","https://openalex.org/W2963889172","https://openalex.org/W2966863713","https://openalex.org/W2967932715","https://openalex.org/W2988648088","https://openalex.org/W2992895209","https://openalex.org/W2995892549","https://openalex.org/W2999118008","https://openalex.org/W3022734214","https://openalex.org/W3080820911","https://openalex.org/W3090256551","https://openalex.org/W3101622575","https://openalex.org/W3102273185","https://openalex.org/W3105133011","https://openalex.org/W3119029787","https://openalex.org/W3122958054","https://openalex.org/W3125082281","https://openalex.org/W3159563414","https://openalex.org/W3163812320","https://openalex.org/W3173121933","https://openalex.org/W3196083106","https://openalex.org/W3208071391","https://openalex.org/W3216062904","https://openalex.org/W4200348455","https://openalex.org/W4235786747","https://openalex.org/W4309620188","https://openalex.org/W6635637351","https://openalex.org/W6800167610","https://openalex.org/W6803967063","https://openalex.org/W6805411547"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2121300814","https://openalex.org/W4234406076","https://openalex.org/W1886613375","https://openalex.org/W4236081792","https://openalex.org/W4250583430","https://openalex.org/W2010731026","https://openalex.org/W2360893094","https://openalex.org/W4390787808","https://openalex.org/W4236036386","https://openalex.org/W3081644756"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"For":[0],"most":[1],"Open":[2],"Source":[3],"Software":[4],"(OSS)":[5],"projects,":[6],"issues":[7,115,120],"and":[8,22,26,29,87,103,116,119,126,133,153,157,169,179,189],"Pull-requests":[9],"(PR)":[10],"are":[11,32],"the":[12,42,50,58,110,137,162,176],"primary":[13],"means":[14],"by":[15],"which":[16,56],"stakeholders":[17],"of":[18,45,81,113,139,161,182],"a":[19,65,76],"project":[20,101],"report":[21,74],"discuss":[23],"software":[24],"problems":[25],"code":[27],"changes,":[28],"their":[30],"descriptions":[31],"important":[33],"for":[34,60],"people":[35],"to":[36,63,97,175,184],"understand":[37,70],"them.":[38],"To":[39,68],"help":[40],"ensure":[41],"informational":[43],"quality":[44],"issue/PR":[46],"descriptions,":[47],"GitHub":[48],"introduced":[49],"<italic":[51],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[52],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">issue/PR":[53],"template</i>":[54],"feature,":[55,72],"pre-populates":[57],"description":[59],"anyone":[61],"trying":[62],"open":[64],"new":[66],"issue/PR.":[67],"better":[69,166],"this":[71],"we":[73],"on":[75],"large-scale,":[77],"mixed-methods":[78],"empirical":[79],"study":[80],"templates":[82,93,140,150,183],"that":[83,92],"explores":[84],"contents,":[85],"impacts,":[86],"perceptions.":[88],"Our":[89],"results":[90],"show":[91],"typically":[94],"contain":[95],"elements":[96],"greet":[98],"contributors,":[99],"explain":[100],"guidelines,":[102],"collect":[104],"relevant":[105],"information.":[106],"After":[107],"template":[108,163],"adoption,":[109],"monthly":[111,123],"volume":[112],"incoming":[114],"PRs":[117],"decreases,":[118],"have":[121],"fewer":[122],"discussion":[124],"comments":[125],"longer":[127],"resolution":[128],"duration.":[129],"Although":[130],"both":[131],"contributors":[132],"maintainers":[134],"positively":[135],"rated":[136],"usefulness":[138],"from":[141],"various":[142],"aspects,":[143],"they":[144],"also":[145],"reported":[146],"challenges":[147],"in":[148],"using":[149],"(e.g.,":[151,165],"excessive":[152],"irrelevant":[154],"information":[155],"request)":[156],"suggested":[158],"potential":[159],"improvements":[160],"feature":[164],"user":[167],"interaction":[168],"advanced":[170],"automation).":[171],"This":[172],"work":[173],"contributes":[174],"informed":[177],"use":[178],"targeted":[180],"improvement":[181],"enhance":[185],"OSS":[186],"practitioners\u2019":[187],"collaboration":[188],"interaction.":[190]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-14T08:04:32.555800","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
