{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4226144303","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2022.3163614","title":"Large-Scale Empirical Study of Inline Assembly on 7.6 Million Ethereum Smart Contracts","display_name":"Large-Scale Empirical Study of Inline Assembly on 7.6 Million Ethereum Smart Contracts","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-03-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4226144303","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2022.3163614"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tse.2022.3163614","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2022.3163614","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8351582","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","issn_l":"0098-5589","issn":["0098-5589","1939-3520","2326-3881"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://ira.lib.polyu.edu.hk/bitstream/10397/99834/1/Liao_Large-scale_Empirical_Study.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003370388","display_name":"Zhou Liao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhou Liao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Cyber Security, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China","Institute of Big Data Security, Big Data Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Cyber Security, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Big Data Security, Big Data Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055604718","display_name":"Shuwei Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4368-0950"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuwei Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Cyber Security, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China","Institute of Big Data Security, Big Data Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Cyber Security, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Big Data Security, Big Data Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003688927","display_name":"Hang Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6907-0918"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hang Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Cyber Security, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China","School of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Cyber Security, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100400376","display_name":"Xiapu Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9082-3208"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiapu Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong","Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019899373","display_name":"Zheyuan He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2131-1046"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheyuan He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Cyber Security, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China","Institute of Big Data Security, Big Data Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Cyber Security, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Big Data Security, Big Data Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000386933","display_name":"Renkai Jiang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Renkai Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Cyber Security, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China","Institute of Big Data Security, Big Data Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Cyber Security, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Big Data Security, Big Data Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100443178","display_name":"Ting Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9165-8331"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ting Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Cyber Security, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China","Institute of Big Data Security, Big Data Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Cyber Security, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Big Data Security, Big Data Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086118824","display_name":"Jiachi Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0192-9992"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56590836","display_name":"Monash University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bfwt286","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiachi Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia","Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University, 2541 Melbourne, Australian Capital Territory, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University, 2541 Melbourne, Australian Capital Territory, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100375823","display_name":"Tao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6272-4069"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao","Faculty of Information Technology, Macau University of Science and Technology, 58816 Taipa, Taipa, Macao"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology, Macau University of Science and Technology, 58816 Taipa, Taipa, Macao","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100780268","display_name":"Xiaosong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9886-1412"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaosong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Cyber Security, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China","School of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Cyber Security, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003370388"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.3334,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97178614,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"49","issue":"2","first_page":"777","last_page":"801"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11182","display_name":"Auction Theory and Applications","score":0.9822999835014343,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11437","display_name":"Digital Platforms and Economics","score":0.9186999797821045,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7408972382545471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.552362859249115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-contract","display_name":"Smart contract","score":0.45251041650772095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-research","display_name":"Empirical research","score":0.441643625497818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.4026891589164734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.31376752257347107}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7408972382545471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.552362859249115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779950589","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7544035","display_name":"Smart contract","level":3,"score":0.45251041650772095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.441643625497818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.4026891589164734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.31376752257347107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tse.2022.3163614","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2022.3163614","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8351582","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","issn_l":"0098-5589","issn":["0098-5589","1939-3520","2326-3881"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ira.lib.polyu.edu.hk:10397/99834","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10397/99834","pdf_url":"http://ira.lib.polyu.edu.hk/bitstream/10397/99834/1/Liao_Large-scale_Empirical_Study.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400205","display_name":"PolyU Institutional Research Archive (Hong Kong Polytechnic University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal/Magazine Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ira.lib.polyu.edu.hk:10397/99834","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10397/99834","pdf_url":"http://ira.lib.polyu.edu.hk/bitstream/10397/99834/1/Liao_Large-scale_Empirical_Study.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400205","display_name":"PolyU Institutional Research Archive (Hong Kong Polytechnic University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal/Magazine Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.46000000834465027,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"},{"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","score":0.4099999964237213,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121271761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1231421488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"under","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2082826544","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Postdoctoral","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2476221792","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Heilongjiang","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3151624230","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"6187205","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3255390201","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LH2019F008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323085","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3683631156","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61872057","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5380116598","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017M621247","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5612697103","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017M","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5760752404","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Projects","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5939423041","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Technology","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7033253288","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grants","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322598","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323085","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4226144303.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":101,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W171406816","https://openalex.org/W1530354777","https://openalex.org/W1880262756","https://openalex.org/W2598139937","https://openalex.org/W2598801365","https://openalex.org/W2724374034","https://openalex.org/W2792261072","https://openalex.org/W2792743585","https://openalex.org/W2805827286","https://openalex.org/W2808452017","https://openalex.org/W2808656506","https://openalex.org/W2809409966","https://openalex.org/W2898868658","https://openalex.org/W2899385336","https://openalex.org/W2901515670","https://openalex.org/W2906668391","https://openalex.org/W2907767077","https://openalex.org/W2909986372","https://openalex.org/W2910128102","https://openalex.org/W2910714002","https://openalex.org/W2921197708","https://openalex.org/W2949346161","https://openalex.org/W2950127321","https://openalex.org/W2950294262","https://openalex.org/W2954151438","https://openalex.org/W2960678361","https://openalex.org/W2963220038","https://openalex.org/W2967227790","https://openalex.org/W2969525536","https://openalex.org/W2975871742","https://openalex.org/W2979307510","https://openalex.org/W2981088827","https://openalex.org/W2981490091","https://openalex.org/W2982383932","https://openalex.org/W2987160260","https://openalex.org/W2989657022","https://openalex.org/W2989739431","https://openalex.org/W2990934474","https://openalex.org/W2995871203","https://openalex.org/W3003060956","https://openalex.org/W3006534861","https://openalex.org/W3007045600","https://openalex.org/W3009278394","https://openalex.org/W3010619485","https://openalex.org/W3011992028","https://openalex.org/W3013470922","https://openalex.org/W3013473330","https://openalex.org/W3013493133","https://openalex.org/W3014035694","https://openalex.org/W3015325345","https://openalex.org/W3015405072","https://openalex.org/W3017072639","https://openalex.org/W3019893162","https://openalex.org/W3020706470","https://openalex.org/W3022375109","https://openalex.org/W3022662270","https://openalex.org/W3024025149","https://openalex.org/W3026315212","https://openalex.org/W3038902372","https://openalex.org/W3045708674","https://openalex.org/W3049673660","https://openalex.org/W3089966630","https://openalex.org/W3091620507","https://openalex.org/W3094290174","https://openalex.org/W3096576170","https://openalex.org/W3098149161","https://openalex.org/W3098450669","https://openalex.org/W3103843811","https://openalex.org/W3104801135","https://openalex.org/W3123166548","https://openalex.org/W3134108267","https://openalex.org/W3134742627","https://openalex.org/W3135506348","https://openalex.org/W3135569879","https://openalex.org/W3151748982","https://openalex.org/W3152617045","https://openalex.org/W3162904859","https://openalex.org/W3183146186","https://openalex.org/W3199191188","https://openalex.org/W3203671684","https://openalex.org/W3208550190","https://openalex.org/W4212799810","https://openalex.org/W4224131832","https://openalex.org/W4226144303","https://openalex.org/W4285579170","https://openalex.org/W6639619044","https://openalex.org/W6685687250","https://openalex.org/W6743836554","https://openalex.org/W6752735279","https://openalex.org/W6752915456","https://openalex.org/W6755057678","https://openalex.org/W6757377647","https://openalex.org/W6758513605","https://openalex.org/W6769278921","https://openalex.org/W6775210410","https://openalex.org/W6775382685","https://openalex.org/W6776775275","https://openalex.org/W6781014071","https://openalex.org/W6784307080","https://openalex.org/W6793285265","https://openalex.org/W6841443089"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4297798448","https://openalex.org/W4388187043","https://openalex.org/W4396713893","https://openalex.org/W4285161539","https://openalex.org/W2982625131","https://openalex.org/W4396636834","https://openalex.org/W3092627261","https://openalex.org/W4396241386","https://openalex.org/W4399333949","https://openalex.org/W4285166115"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Being":[0],"the":[1,31,46,53,96,124,132,140],"most":[2],"popular":[3],"programming":[4],"language":[5],"for":[6],"developing":[7],"Ethereum":[8,67],"smart":[9,25,42,68,117,135],"contracts,":[10,118],"Solidity":[11,143],"allows":[12],"using":[13,113],"inline":[14,39,59,114],"assembly":[15,40,60,115],"to":[16,30,83],"gain":[17],"fine-grained":[18],"control.":[19],"Although":[20],"many":[21,101],"empirical":[22,56],"studies":[23],"on":[24,61,112,131],"contracts":[26,69,136],"have":[27],"been":[28],"conducted,":[29],"best":[32],"of":[33,58,95,134,142],"our":[34],"knowledge,":[35],"none":[36],"has":[37],"examined":[38],"in":[41,48,116],"contracts.":[43],"To":[44],"fill":[45],"gap,":[47],"this":[49],"paper,":[50],"we":[51,99,119],"conduct":[52],"first":[54],"large-scale":[55],"study":[57],"more":[62],"than":[63],"7.6":[64],"million":[65],"open-source":[66],"from":[70,123],"three":[71],"aspects,":[72],"namely,":[73],"source":[74],"code,":[75],"bytecode,":[76],"and":[77,92,104,144],"transactions":[78],"after":[79],"designing":[80],"new":[81,102,121],"approaches":[82],"tackle":[84],"several":[85],"technical":[86],"challenges.":[87],"Through":[88],"a":[89,109],"thorough":[90],"quantitative":[91],"qualitative":[93],"analysis":[94],"collected":[97],"data,":[98],"obtain":[100],"observations":[103],"insights.":[105],"Moreover,":[106],"by":[107],"conducting":[108],"questionnaire":[110],"survey":[111],"draw":[120],"insights":[122],"valuable":[125],"feedback.":[126],"This":[127],"work":[128],"sheds":[129],"light":[130],"development":[133],"as":[137,139],"well":[138],"evolution":[141],"its":[145],"compilers.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-13T07:58:08.660418","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
