{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3131449937","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2021.3061527","title":"Engineering Impacts of Anonymous Author Code Review: A Field Experiment","display_name":"Engineering Impacts of Anonymous Author Code Review: A Field Experiment","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3131449937","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2021.3061527","mag":"3131449937"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tse.2021.3061527","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2021.3061527","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/32/9830789/09361116.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8351582","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","issn_l":"0098-5589","issn":["0098-5589","1939-3520","2326-3881"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/32/9830789/09361116.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052426710","display_name":"Emerson Murphy-Hill","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3921-9416"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emerson Murphy-Hill","raw_affiliation_strings":["Core Systems, Google Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3921-9416","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Core Systems, Google Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110745650","display_name":"Jillian Dicker","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jillian Dicker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Core Systems, Google Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Core Systems, Google Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037020439","display_name":"Margaret Morrow Hodges","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Margaret Morrow Hodges","raw_affiliation_strings":["Core Systems, Google Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Core Systems, Google Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033455461","display_name":"Carolyn Egelman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3352-2203"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carolyn D. Egelman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Core Systems, Google Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Core Systems, Google Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010687341","display_name":"Ciera Jaspan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4500-1392"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ciera Jaspan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Core Systems, Google Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4500-1392","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Core Systems, Google Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033808182","display_name":"Lan Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1165-9559"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lan Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Core Systems, Google Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Core Systems, Google Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042153836","display_name":"Elizabeth Kammer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elizabeth Kammer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Core Systems, Google Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Core Systems, Google Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034609123","display_name":"Ben Holtz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8020-0357"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ben Holtz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Core Systems, Google Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Core Systems, Google Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049266715","display_name":"Matthew Jorde","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew A. Jorde","raw_affiliation_strings":["Core Systems, Google Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Core Systems, Google Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018679999","display_name":"Andrea Knight Dolan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Knight Dolan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Core Systems, Google Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Core Systems, Google Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059040113","display_name":"Collin Green","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1307-3869"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Collin Green","raw_affiliation_strings":["Core Systems, Google Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1307-3869","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Core Systems, Google Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5596,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72029105,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"48","issue":"7","first_page":"2495","last_page":"2509"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12380","display_name":"Authorship Attribution and Profiling","score":0.9894000291824341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12380","display_name":"Authorship Attribution and Profiling","score":0.9894000291824341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":0.9886999726295471,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-review","display_name":"Code review","score":0.8068059682846069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.799903392791748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.6029763221740723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identity","display_name":"Identity (music)","score":0.5951481461524963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-quality","display_name":"Software quality","score":0.5027472972869873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.48519447445869446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.4764143228530884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.46157583594322205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.41312795877456665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3544260859489441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.32301294803619385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.2587221562862396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.1583707630634308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.10306757688522339}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150292731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1342704","display_name":"Code review","level":5,"score":0.8068059682846069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.799903392791748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.6029763221740723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778355321","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17079427","display_name":"Identity (music)","level":2,"score":0.5951481461524963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117447612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412670","display_name":"Software quality","level":4,"score":0.5027472972869873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.48519447445869446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.4764143228530884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.46157583594322205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.41312795877456665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3544260859489441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.32301294803619385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.2587221562862396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.1583707630634308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.10306757688522339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tse.2021.3061527","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2021.3061527","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/32/9830789/09361116.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8351582","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","issn_l":"0098-5589","issn":["0098-5589","1939-3520","2326-3881"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tse.2021.3061527","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2021.3061527","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/32/9830789/09361116.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8351582","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","issn_l":"0098-5589","issn":["0098-5589","1939-3520","2326-3881"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309327","display_name":"Google","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3131449937.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3131449937.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1512500832","https://openalex.org/W1536128219","https://openalex.org/W1550812296","https://openalex.org/W1592081868","https://openalex.org/W1594458610","https://openalex.org/W1601006678","https://openalex.org/W1951721333","https://openalex.org/W1971896716","https://openalex.org/W1972376036","https://openalex.org/W1987965558","https://openalex.org/W1991418004","https://openalex.org/W2000386988","https://openalex.org/W2006192515","https://openalex.org/W2017899036","https://openalex.org/W2019257047","https://openalex.org/W2032861434","https://openalex.org/W2049657666","https://openalex.org/W2073296131","https://openalex.org/W2078241739","https://openalex.org/W2092205708","https://openalex.org/W2092849997","https://openalex.org/W2125279207","https://openalex.org/W2144160189","https://openalex.org/W2148854374","https://openalex.org/W2155919648","https://openalex.org/W2165855014","https://openalex.org/W2167340103","https://openalex.org/W2181893122","https://openalex.org/W2374812233","https://openalex.org/W2421266463","https://openalex.org/W2466101837","https://openalex.org/W2482059860","https://openalex.org/W2527516663","https://openalex.org/W2752976060","https://openalex.org/W2768281947","https://openalex.org/W2808429234","https://openalex.org/W2904845679","https://openalex.org/W3047465972","https://openalex.org/W3090254769","https://openalex.org/W4235786747","https://openalex.org/W4250195981","https://openalex.org/W4256657178","https://openalex.org/W4301115652","https://openalex.org/W6631973567","https://openalex.org/W6685995051","https://openalex.org/W6783962058","https://openalex.org/W6929756298"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2206096527","https://openalex.org/W4360765002","https://openalex.org/W4323034249","https://openalex.org/W2518360245","https://openalex.org/W2163444623","https://openalex.org/W4304730867","https://openalex.org/W2794494697","https://openalex.org/W2597921171","https://openalex.org/W2205510572","https://openalex.org/W2587986437"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Code":[0],"review":[1,47,76,145],"is":[2,113],"a":[3,61,78,124,157],"powerful":[4],"technique":[5,84],"to":[6,37,66,85,126,140],"ensure":[7],"high":[8],"quality":[9],"software":[10,92],"and":[11,40,119,164],"spread":[12],"knowledge":[13],"of":[14,28,52,71,151],"best":[15],"coding":[16],"practices":[17],"between":[18],"engineers.":[19],"Unfortunately,":[20],"code":[21,30,46,75,87,103,144],"reviewers":[22,105],"may":[23],"have":[24,156],"biases":[25,54],"about":[26],"authors":[27],"the":[29,50,68,83,121,148,152,170],"they":[31],"are":[32],"reviewing,":[33],"which":[34],"can":[35,48,106],"lead":[36],"inequitable":[38],"experiences":[39],"outcomes.":[41],"In":[42,63],"principle,":[43],"anonymous":[44,74,101,142],"author":[45,73,102,143,153,162,166],"reduce":[49],"impact":[51],"such":[53],"by":[55,90,154],"withholding":[56],"an":[57],"author's":[58],"identity":[59,167],"from":[60],"reviewer.":[62],"this":[64],"paper,":[65],"understand":[67],"engineering":[69],"effects":[70],"using":[72],"in":[77],"practical":[79],"setting,":[80],"we":[81,134],"applied":[82],"5217":[86],"reviews":[88],"performed":[89],"300":[91],"engineers":[93],"at":[94],"Google.":[95],"Our":[96],"results":[97],"suggest":[98],"that":[99,111,120,136],"during":[100],"review,":[104],"frequently":[107],"guess":[108],"authors\u2019":[109],"identities;":[110],"focus":[112],"reduced":[114],"on":[115,131],"reviewer-author":[116],"power":[117],"dynamics;":[118],"practice":[122],"poses":[123],"barrier":[125],"offline,":[127],"high-bandwidth":[128],"conversations.":[129],"Based":[130],"our":[132],"findings,":[133],"recommend":[135],"those":[137],"who":[138],"choose":[139],"implement":[141],"should":[146],"reveal":[147,165],"time":[149],"zone":[150],"default,":[155],"break-the-glass":[158],"option":[159],"for":[160],"revealing":[161],"identity,":[163],"directly":[168],"after":[169],"review.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}