{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3083954092","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2020.3023177","title":"Predicting Defective Lines Using a Model-Agnostic Technique","display_name":"Predicting Defective Lines Using a Model-Agnostic Technique","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3083954092","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2020.3023177","mag":"3083954092"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tse.2020.3023177","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2020.3023177","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/32/9775544/09193975.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8351582","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","issn_l":"0098-5589","issn":["0098-5589","1939-3520","2326-3881"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/32/9775544/09193975.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004205023","display_name":"Supatsara Wattanakriengkrai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9978-9889"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75917431","display_name":"Nara Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05bhada84","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75917431"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Supatsara Wattanakriengkrai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75917431"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040320723","display_name":"Patanamon Thongtanunam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6328-8839"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","display_name":"The University of Melbourne","ror":"https://ror.org/01ej9dk98","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patanamon Thongtanunam","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081449581","display_name":"Chakkrit Tantithamthavorn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5516-9984"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56590836","display_name":"Monash University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bfwt286","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chakkrit Tantithamthavorn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020711309","display_name":"Hideaki Hata","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0708-5222"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75917431","display_name":"Nara Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05bhada84","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75917431"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hideaki Hata","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75917431"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011588138","display_name":"Kenichi Matsumoto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7418-9323"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75917431","display_name":"Nara Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05bhada84","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75917431"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenichi Matsumoto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75917431"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004205023"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75917431"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":15.3005,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":123,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98984887,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"48","issue":"5","first_page":"1480","last_page":"1496"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8750770092010498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-lines-of-code","display_name":"Source lines of code","score":0.7108855247497559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-token","display_name":"Security token","score":0.6999324560165405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-code","display_name":"Source code","score":0.6187534332275391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.5476962924003601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/line","display_name":"Line (geometry)","score":0.5353301763534546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/java","display_name":"Java","score":0.531904935836792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-bug","display_name":"Software bug","score":0.45715779066085815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/line-code","display_name":"Line code","score":0.4284239411354065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseline","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","score":0.4153733253479004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.3781370222568512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.3591136932373047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.34736955165863037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.33860042691230774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.23990225791931152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.08415701985359192}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8750770092010498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199519371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q942695","display_name":"Source lines of code","level":3,"score":0.7108855247497559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48145219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335365","display_name":"Security token","level":2,"score":0.6999324560165405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.6187534332275391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.5476962924003601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198352243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37105","display_name":"Line (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5353301763534546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548217200","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251","display_name":"Java","level":2,"score":0.531904935836792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1009929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179550","display_name":"Software bug","level":3,"score":0.45715779066085815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85961473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1457387","display_name":"Line code","level":4,"score":0.4284239411354065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.4153733253479004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.3781370222568512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.3591136932373047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.34736955165863037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.33860042691230774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.23990225791931152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.08415701985359192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65165936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q575784","display_name":"Baseband","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tse.2020.3023177","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2020.3023177","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/32/9775544/09193975.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8351582","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","issn_l":"0098-5589","issn":["0098-5589","1939-3520","2326-3881"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2009.03612","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2009.03612","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2009.03612","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:monash.edu:openaire/92db31a0-3d5f-42e3-aa4a-c1ef224a68c2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.monash.edu/en/publications/92db31a0-3d5f-42e3-aa4a-c1ef224a68c2","pdf_url":"https://researchmgt.monash.edu/ws/files/382613876/323641867_oa.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402625","display_name":"Monash University Research Portal (Monash University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I56590836","host_organization_name":"Monash University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Wattanakriengkrai, S, Thongtanunam, P, Tantithamthavorn, C, Hata, H & Matsumoto, K 2022, 'Predicting defective lines using a model-agnostic technique', IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, vol. 48, no. 5, pp. 1480-1496. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSE.2020.3023177","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:jupiter.its.unimelb.edu.au:11343/267356","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11343/267356","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11343/267356","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196259","display_name":"Minerva Access (University of Melbourne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","host_organization_name":"The University of Melbourne","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:irdb.nii.ac.jp:01146:0005782694","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://naist.repo.nii.ac.jp/records/4243","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407056385","display_name":"Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I184597095","host_organization_name":"National Institute of Informatics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184597095"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:library.naist.jp:10061/14136","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10061/14136","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196843","display_name":"NAIST Digital Library (Nara Institute of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I75917431","host_organization_name":"Nara Institute of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75917431"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tse.2020.3023177","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2020.3023177","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/32/9775544/09193975.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8351582","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","issn_l":"0098-5589","issn":["0098-5589","1939-3520","2326-3881"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1069223013","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JSPS KAKENHI","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1973553808","display_name":"\u764c\u7d30\u80de\u306e\u518d\u5206\u5316\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u751f\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"001009","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3459562248","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4227499671","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KAKENHI Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4416570303","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE200100941","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","funder_display_name":"Australian Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4504451954","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE210101091","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","funder_display_name":"Australian Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4636223006","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JSPS KAK","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4896636242","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20H05706","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5563650824","display_name":"\u5766\u764c\u4f53\u306e\u75c5\u614b\u6761\u4ef6\u306e\u691c\u8a0e\u3068\u6cbb\u7642\u3078\u306e\u5c55\u958b\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"101010","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5786340949","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KAKENHI Grant Number","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6804764271","display_name":"\u56fd\u969b\u74b0\u5883\u306e\u7dcf\u5408\u7684\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"010109","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7118228449","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"16H05857","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7516339696","display_name":"\u8377\u96fb\u7c92\u5b50\u306e\u6838\u53cd\u5fdc\u306b\u3088\u308b\u96e3\u878d\u91d1\u5c5e\u4e2d\u306e\u30ac\u30b9\u539f\u5b50\u306e\u5b58\u5728\u72b6\u614b\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"210101","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8415902325","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DECRA","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","funder_display_name":"Australian Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8430481527","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Number","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8720967770","display_name":"\u4e2d\u5b66\u6821\u6570\u5b66\u79d1\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6559\u5177\u306e\u5de5\u592b\u3068\u305d\u306e\u6307\u5c0e\u6cd5","funder_award_id":"21010","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8966922967","display_name":"\u516c\u50b5\u306e\u7d4c\u6e08\u52b9\u679c\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"10101","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","display_name":"Australian Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05mmh0f86"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3083954092.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3083954092.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":117,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1444168786","https://openalex.org/W1566773348","https://openalex.org/W1771830246","https://openalex.org/W1900820545","https://openalex.org/W1912598576","https://openalex.org/W1978859404","https://openalex.org/W1993836075","https://openalex.org/W2010608861","https://openalex.org/W2033418259","https://openalex.org/W2042600809","https://openalex.org/W2046495622","https://openalex.org/W2051978688","https://openalex.org/W2067436653","https://openalex.org/W2067490448","https://openalex.org/W2079756993","https://openalex.org/W2080529963","https://openalex.org/W2082314767","https://openalex.org/W2086464170","https://openalex.org/W2088558968","https://openalex.org/W2089372337","https://openalex.org/W2100945416","https://openalex.org/W2107031757","https://openalex.org/W2111421634","https://openalex.org/W2111949697","https://openalex.org/W2114124859","https://openalex.org/W2115709314","https://openalex.org/W2118283821","https://openalex.org/W2119929766","https://openalex.org/W2125999269","https://openalex.org/W2127225844","https://openalex.org/W2130243914","https://openalex.org/W2137235241","https://openalex.org/W2139092060","https://openalex.org/W2140609933","https://openalex.org/W2141861154","https://openalex.org/W2142403498","https://openalex.org/W2143861926","https://openalex.org/W2147386665","https://openalex.org/W2149014999","https://openalex.org/W2149598089","https://openalex.org/W2151666086","https://openalex.org/W2160958420","https://openalex.org/W2163732854","https://openalex.org/W2163837601","https://openalex.org/W2165747537","https://openalex.org/W2168411647","https://openalex.org/W2171824022","https://openalex.org/W2218021565","https://openalex.org/W2249595199","https://openalex.org/W2282821441","https://openalex.org/W2329647202","https://openalex.org/W2344072768","https://openalex.org/W2360967250","https://openalex.org/W2367798545","https://openalex.org/W2374812233","https://openalex.org/W2408574027","https://openalex.org/W2408634597","https://openalex.org/W2471516951","https://openalex.org/W2474835145","https://openalex.org/W2514538448","https://openalex.org/W2516809705","https://openalex.org/W2530824252","https://openalex.org/W2562348157","https://openalex.org/W2731743750","https://openalex.org/W2740130862","https://openalex.org/W2753715782","https://openalex.org/W2767894374","https://openalex.org/W2786678788","https://openalex.org/W2795013017","https://openalex.org/W2806718802","https://openalex.org/W2808113972","https://openalex.org/W2888223970","https://openalex.org/W2898124301","https://openalex.org/W2898435572","https://openalex.org/W2899407111","https://openalex.org/W2901941771","https://openalex.org/W2903359694","https://openalex.org/W2907705732","https://openalex.org/W2909172538","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2914608582","https://openalex.org/W2954274464","https://openalex.org/W2954276596","https://openalex.org/W2955230520","https://openalex.org/W2955426500","https://openalex.org/W2963097549","https://openalex.org/W2963203256","https://openalex.org/W2963520355","https://openalex.org/W2963548617","https://openalex.org/W2964150020","https://openalex.org/W2967556797","https://openalex.org/W2990685757","https://openalex.org/W2999074369","https://openalex.org/W3005855585","https://openalex.org/W3013745307","https://openalex.org/W3046757114","https://openalex.org/W3141989311","https://openalex.org/W3146720657","https://openalex.org/W3149100806","https://openalex.org/W3163556840","https://openalex.org/W3175417087","https://openalex.org/W4206600618","https://openalex.org/W4233410239","https://openalex.org/W4235130846","https://openalex.org/W4243379839","https://openalex.org/W4244945045","https://openalex.org/W4250023757","https://openalex.org/W4252675558","https://openalex.org/W4256657178","https://openalex.org/W4289709427","https://openalex.org/W4295192648","https://openalex.org/W4296394699","https://openalex.org/W4299627282","https://openalex.org/W6628505203","https://openalex.org/W6680913097","https://openalex.org/W6713589489","https://openalex.org/W6726213758"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2001919569","https://openalex.org/W2031796104","https://openalex.org/W2033235985","https://openalex.org/W3004570974","https://openalex.org/W2763289028","https://openalex.org/W4381198270","https://openalex.org/W4213113901","https://openalex.org/W4288080276","https://openalex.org/W3105287819","https://openalex.org/W4283697402"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Defect":[0],"prediction":[1,316],"models":[2],"are":[3,50,66,161,214,264],"proposed":[4],"to":[5,82,133,146,266],"help":[6],"a":[7,42,64,74,87,103,113,127,167,194,200,293,300,319],"team":[8],"prioritize":[9],"the":[10,24,37,99,142,149,155],"areas":[11],"of":[12,26,45,61,63,170,173,192,198,204,211,234,252,296,306],"source":[13,47,177],"code":[14,48,118,138],"files":[15],"that":[16,55,95,140,148,157,183,224,249,255,277,287],"need":[17],"Software":[18],"Quality":[19],"Assurance":[20],"(SQA)":[21],"based":[22],"on":[23,36],"likelihood":[25],"having":[27],"defects.":[28],"However,":[29],"developers":[30],"may":[31],"waste":[32],"their":[33],"unnecessary":[34],"effort":[35,298],"whole":[38],"file":[39,65,150],"while":[40,291],"only":[41],"small":[43],"fraction":[44],"its":[46],"lines":[49,62,85,156,254,286],"defective.":[51,67,153],"Indeed,":[52],"we":[53,72,247],"find":[54,248],"as":[56,58,163],"little":[57],"1-3":[59],"percent":[60,251],"Hence,":[68],"in":[69],"this":[70,307],"work,":[71],"propose":[73],"novel":[75],"framework":[76],"(called":[77],"<sc":[78,108,123,185,226,261,279],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[79,109,124,186,227,262,280],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Line-DP</small>":[80,110,125,187,228,263,281],")":[81],"identify":[83,134,284],"defective":[84,164,241,253,285],"using":[86,117],"model-agnostic":[88,129,320],"technique,":[89],"i.e.,":[90,137],"an":[91,189,207,230,310],"Explainable":[92],"AI":[93],"technique":[94,130],"provides":[96],"information":[97],"why":[98],"model":[100,116,145,238],"makes":[101],"such":[102],"prediction.":[104],"Broadly":[105],"speaking,":[106],"our":[107,122,179,184,225,260,278],"first":[111],"builds":[112,309],"file-level":[114,143],"defect":[115,144,315],"token":[119],"features.":[120],"Then,":[121,154],"uses":[126],"state-of-the-art":[128],"(i.e.,":[131],"LIME)":[132],"risky":[135,159],"tokens,":[136],"tokens":[139,160],"lead":[141],"predict":[147],"will":[151],"be":[152,257],"contain":[158,288],"predicted":[162],"lines.":[165],"Through":[166],"case":[168],"study":[169],"32":[171],"releases":[172],"nine":[174],"Java":[175],"open":[176],"systems,":[178],"evaluation":[180,222],"results":[181,275],"show":[182],"achieves":[188],"average":[190,231],"recall":[191,203],"0.61,":[193],"false":[195,209],"alarm":[196,210],"rate":[197],"0.47,":[199],"top":[201],"20%LOC":[202],"0.27,":[205],"and":[206,240,299],"initial":[208],"16,":[212],"which":[213],"statistically":[215],"better":[216],"than":[217],"six":[218],"baseline":[219],"approaches.":[220],"Our":[221],"shows":[223],"requires":[229],"computation":[232,302],"time":[233],"10":[235],"seconds":[236],"including":[237],"construction":[239],"line":[242],"identification":[243],"time.":[244],"In":[245],"addition,":[246],"63":[250],"can":[256,282],"identified":[258],"by":[259,317],"related":[265],"common":[267,289],"defects":[268,290],"(e.g.,":[269],"argument":[270],"change,":[271],"condition":[272],"change).":[273],"These":[274],"suggest":[276],"effectively":[283],"requiring":[292],"smaller":[294],"amount":[295],"inspection":[297],"manageable":[301],"cost.":[303],"The":[304],"contribution":[305],"paper":[308],"important":[311],"step":[312],"towards":[313],"line-level":[314],"leveraging":[318],"technique.":[321]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}