{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3045296135","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2020.3010361","title":"CBUA: A Probabilistic, Predictive, and Practical Approach for Evaluating Test Suite Effectiveness","display_name":"CBUA: A Probabilistic, Predictive, and Practical Approach for Evaluating Test Suite Effectiveness","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3045296135","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2020.3010361","mag":"3045296135"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tse.2020.3010361","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2020.3010361","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8351582","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","issn_l":"0098-5589","issn":["0098-5589","1939-3520","2326-3881"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100756151","display_name":"Peng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2902-2249"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100360608","display_name":"Yanhui Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2282-7175"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanhui Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2282-7175","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109372883","display_name":"Wanwangying Ma","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wanwangying Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037791183","display_name":"Yibiao Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1153-2013"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yibiao Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1153-2013","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100443798","display_name":"Lin Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2352-2226"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2352-2226","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020202211","display_name":"Hongmin Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3558-9754"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongmin Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031391841","display_name":"Yuming Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4645-2526"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuming Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4645-2526","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100331400","display_name":"Baowen Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7743-1296"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baowen Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7743-1296","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.0633,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9299863,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"48","issue":"3","first_page":"1067","last_page":"1096"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-suite","display_name":"Test suite","score":0.9424773454666138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8482160568237305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/suite","display_name":"Suite","score":0.6660709977149963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.6101279854774475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-coverage","display_name":"Code coverage","score":0.5743793845176697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-based-testing","display_name":"Model-based testing","score":0.529651403427124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-case","display_name":"Test case","score":0.5215873122215271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-code","display_name":"Source code","score":0.4886069893836975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.473201721906662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4710904061794281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-management-approach","display_name":"Test Management Approach","score":0.4531254768371582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4336727261543274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.421102374792099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.33669281005859375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.3112714886665344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-system","display_name":"Software system","score":0.21592304110527039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.1987503468990326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.17990705370903015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-construction","display_name":"Software construction","score":0.09735211730003357}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151552104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7705809","display_name":"Test suite","level":4,"score":0.9424773454666138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8482160568237305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79581498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1367530","display_name":"Suite","level":2,"score":0.6660709977149963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6101279854774475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53942775","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1211721","display_name":"Code coverage","level":3,"score":0.5743793845176697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165825675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1399743","display_name":"Model-based testing","level":4,"score":0.529651403427124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128942645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1568346","display_name":"Test case","level":3,"score":0.5215873122215271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.4886069893836975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.473201721906662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4710904061794281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7435765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7705776","display_name":"Test Management Approach","level":5,"score":0.4531254768371582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4336727261543274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.421102374792099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.33669281005859375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.3112714886665344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149091818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2429814","display_name":"Software system","level":3,"score":0.21592304110527039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.1987503468990326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.17990705370903015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186846655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398377","display_name":"Software construction","level":4,"score":0.09735211730003357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tse.2020.3010361","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2020.3010361","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8351582","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","issn_l":"0098-5589","issn":["0098-5589","1939-3520","2326-3881"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.5699999928474426,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1884936576","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61832009","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3639745943","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61872177","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G36397680","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u6df7\u548c\u6548\u5e94\u79fb\u9664\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u96c6\u6709\u6548\u6027\u9884\u6d4b\u6a21\u578b\u53ca\u5176\u5e94\u7528\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61772259","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G374735950","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61772263","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5869139307","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFB1003901","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W220623884","https://openalex.org/W1974858479","https://openalex.org/W1976727279","https://openalex.org/W1978813754","https://openalex.org/W1984481956","https://openalex.org/W1985043038","https://openalex.org/W1985797722","https://openalex.org/W1989171126","https://openalex.org/W1996701120","https://openalex.org/W2013711971","https://openalex.org/W2015729052","https://openalex.org/W2024860412","https://openalex.org/W2028990673","https://openalex.org/W2044527526","https://openalex.org/W2049695835","https://openalex.org/W2054751837","https://openalex.org/W2102742419","https://openalex.org/W2106072155","https://openalex.org/W2108557864","https://openalex.org/W2121084350","https://openalex.org/W2122410182","https://openalex.org/W2124797841","https://openalex.org/W2125727889","https://openalex.org/W2132627437","https://openalex.org/W2135841285","https://openalex.org/W2135937266","https://openalex.org/W2138428785","https://openalex.org/W2145733341","https://openalex.org/W2151666086","https://openalex.org/W2289463038","https://openalex.org/W2340019743","https://openalex.org/W2478089724","https://openalex.org/W2546730260","https://openalex.org/W2725449579","https://openalex.org/W2734519371","https://openalex.org/W2793776506","https://openalex.org/W2802138742","https://openalex.org/W2920244696","https://openalex.org/W2951506308","https://openalex.org/W2952322169","https://openalex.org/W2955578429","https://openalex.org/W2995454814","https://openalex.org/W2999161450","https://openalex.org/W3149550336","https://openalex.org/W4298277474"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2018145554","https://openalex.org/W2204156854","https://openalex.org/W2243231242","https://openalex.org/W1978406750","https://openalex.org/W1598160211","https://openalex.org/W3175215928","https://openalex.org/W1978910953","https://openalex.org/W1888619389","https://openalex.org/W1968494916","https://openalex.org/W4376482197"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Knowing":[0],"the":[1,15,22,39,73,80,93,101,105,108,122,139,146,161,181,203,215,225,229,233,238,241,250,266,271,289,293,309,345,379,382],"effectiveness":[2,40,94,204,269],"of":[3,18,24,41,55,95,110,175,205,228,240,252,288],"a":[4,31,42,52,65,96,112,176,196,206,210,219,259,285,318,332,371,399,410],"test":[5,16,26,43,69,74,97,102,207,220,242,267,290,315,319,372,384,389],"suite":[6,98,103,268,291,320,385],"is":[7,30,47,262,341,355,375,394,420],"essential":[8],"for":[9,37,201,413],"many":[10],"activities":[11],"such":[12,111],"as":[13,51,184,409],"assessing":[14],"adequacy":[17],"code":[19,67,183,212,236],"and":[20,70,141,218,270,302,386],"guiding":[21],"generation":[23],"new":[25,388],"cases.":[27],"Mutation":[28],"testing":[29,82,142],"commonly":[32],"used":[33,408],"defect":[34],"injection":[35],"technique":[36],"evaluating":[38,202],"suite.":[44,75,208,243],"However,":[45],"it":[46,405],"usually":[48,165],"computationally":[49],"expensive,":[50],"large":[53],"number":[54],"mutants":[56,363],"(buggy":[57],"versions)":[58],"are":[59,129,154,278,365],"needed":[60],"to":[61,78,87,91,156,172,248,264,317,357],"be":[62,329,358,407],"generated":[63],"from":[64,145],"production":[66,211,235,295],"under":[68,213,237],"executed":[71],"against":[72,104,292],"In":[76,352],"order":[77],"reduce":[79],"expensive":[81],"cost,":[83,401],"recent":[84],"studies":[85],"proposed":[86,421],"use":[88],"supervised":[89,113,133,178,333,347],"models":[90,128],"predict":[92],"without":[99,297],"executing":[100],"mutants.":[106],"Nonetheless,":[107],"training":[109,140,304],"model":[114,179],"requires":[115,284],"labeled":[116],"data,":[117],"which":[118,136,327,374],"still":[119],"depends":[120],"on":[121,131,180],"costly":[123],"mutant":[124,254,300],"execution.":[125],"Furthermore,":[126],"existing":[127],"based":[130],"traditional":[132],"learning":[134],"techniques,":[135],"assume":[137],"that":[138,339,364,404],"data":[143],"come":[144],"same":[147,162],"distribution.":[148],"But,":[149],"in":[150,191,232,349,361,377,381,422],"practice,":[151],"software":[152],"systems":[153],"subject":[155],"considerable":[157],"concept":[158],"drifts,":[159],"i.e.,":[160],"distribution":[163],"assumption":[164],"does":[166,321],"not":[167,322,368],"hold.":[168],"This":[169],"can":[170,307],"lead":[171],"inaccurate":[173],"predictions":[174],"learned":[177],"target":[182,234,294],"time":[185],"progresses.":[186],"To":[187],"tackle":[188],"these":[189],"problems,":[190],"this":[192],"paper,":[193],"we":[194,402],"propose":[195],"Coverage-Based":[197],"Unsupervised":[198],"Approach":[199],"(CBUA)":[200],"Given":[209],"test,":[214],"corresponding":[216],"mutants,":[217],"suite,":[221,373],"CBUA":[222,245,306,340,354,393],"first":[223],"collects":[224],"coverage":[226,247],"information":[227],"mutated":[230],"statements":[231],"execution":[239,287,301],"Then,":[244],"employs":[246],"estimate":[249],"probability":[251],"each":[253],"being":[255],"alive.":[256],"As":[257],"such,":[258],"mutation":[260,325],"score":[261,310],"computed":[263],"evaluate":[265],"predicted":[272],"labels":[273],"(i.e.,":[274,313],"killed":[275,369],"or":[276],"alive)":[277],"obtained.":[279],"The":[280,335],"whole":[281],"process":[282],"only":[283],"one-time":[286],"code,":[296],"involving":[298],"any":[299,303,416],"data.":[305],"ensure":[308],"monotonicity":[311],"property":[312],"adding":[314],"cases":[316,390],"decrease":[323],"its":[324],"score),":[326],"may":[328],"violated":[330],"by":[331,370],"approach.":[334],"experimental":[336],"results":[337],"show":[338],"very":[342],"competitive":[343],"with":[344,398],"state-of-the-art":[346],"approaches":[348],"prediction":[350,418],"accuracy.":[351],"particular,":[353],"shown":[356],"more":[359],"effective":[360],"finding":[362],"covered":[366],"but":[367],"helpful":[376],"identifying":[378],"weaknesses":[380],"current":[383],"generating":[387],"accordingly.":[391],"Since":[392],"an":[395],"easy-to-implement":[396],"approach":[397,412,419],"low":[400],"suggest":[403],"should":[406],"baseline":[411],"comparison":[414],"when":[415],"novel":[417],"future":[423],"studies.":[424]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}