{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2983089019","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2020.2983927","title":"Whence to Learn? Transferring Knowledge in Configurable Systems Using BEETLE","display_name":"Whence to Learn? Transferring Knowledge in Configurable Systems Using BEETLE","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-03-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2983089019","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2020.2983927","mag":"2983089019"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tse.2020.2983927","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2020.2983927","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8351582","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","issn_l":"0098-5589","issn":["0098-5589","1939-3520","2326-3881"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1911.01817","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059912927","display_name":"Rahul Krishna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5899-6651"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rahul Krishna","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA","[Computer Science, Columbia University, 5798 New York, New York, United States, (e-mail: i.m.ralk@gmail.com)]"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5899-6651","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Computer Science, Columbia University, 5798 New York, New York, United States, (e-mail: i.m.ralk@gmail.com)]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101806290","display_name":"Vivek Nair","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7318-1530"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801313472","display_name":"North Central State College","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6b6f76","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801313472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vivek Nair","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA","[Computer Science, NC State University, 6798 Raleigh, North Carolina United States (e-mail: vivekaxl@gmail.com)]"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7318-1530","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Computer Science, NC State University, 6798 Raleigh, North Carolina United States (e-mail: vivekaxl@gmail.com)]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535","https://openalex.org/I2801313472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064540250","display_name":"Pooyan Jamshidi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9342-0703"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155781252","display_name":"University of South Carolina","ror":"https://ror.org/02b6qw903","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pooyan Jamshidi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA","[Computer Science and Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina United States (e-mail: pjamshid@cse.sc.edu)]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Computer Science and Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina United States (e-mail: pjamshid@cse.sc.edu)]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077008083","display_name":"Tim Menzies","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5040-3196"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tim Menzies","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA","Computer Science, North Carolina State University College of Engineering, 242510 Raleigh, North Carolina, United States, 27695-7901 (e-mail: timm@ieee.org)"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5040-3196","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science, North Carolina State University College of Engineering, 242510 Raleigh, North Carolina, United States, 27695-7901 (e-mail: timm@ieee.org)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8397,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80720156,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"47","issue":"12","first_page":"2956","last_page":"2972"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7725527882575989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-of-learning","display_name":"Transfer of learning","score":0.7120630741119385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.635132908821106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solver","display_name":"Solver","score":0.5674135088920593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5166433453559875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/suite","display_name":"Suite","score":0.49119827151298523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compiler","display_name":"Compiler","score":0.49079546332359314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.47137463092803955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.44705289602279663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4319485127925873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample","display_name":"Sample (material)","score":0.42742660641670227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.40254807472229004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.36042529344558716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.2786089777946472}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7725527882575989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150899416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820378","display_name":"Transfer of learning","level":2,"score":0.7120630741119385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.635132908821106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778770139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1966904","display_name":"Solver","level":2,"score":0.5674135088920593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5166433453559875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79581498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1367530","display_name":"Suite","level":2,"score":0.49119827151298523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169590947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47506","display_name":"Compiler","level":2,"score":0.49079546332359314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.47137463092803955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.44705289602279663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4319485127925873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.42742660641670227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.40254807472229004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.36042529344558716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.2786089777946472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tse.2020.2983927","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2020.2983927","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8351582","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","issn_l":"0098-5589","issn":["0098-5589","1939-3520","2326-3881"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1911.01817","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1911.01817","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1911.01817","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2983089019","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://export.arxiv.org/pdf/1911.01817","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1911.01817","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1911.01817","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1911.01817","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1911.01817","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1911.01817","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.699999988079071,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2983089019.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2983089019.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":82,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W57841519","https://openalex.org/W1502922572","https://openalex.org/W1519597478","https://openalex.org/W1834532152","https://openalex.org/W1951793938","https://openalex.org/W1965335252","https://openalex.org/W1970017388","https://openalex.org/W1995945562","https://openalex.org/W2005504865","https://openalex.org/W2036043322","https://openalex.org/W2040900804","https://openalex.org/W2042154985","https://openalex.org/W2043119662","https://openalex.org/W2054563706","https://openalex.org/W2072617662","https://openalex.org/W2089232047","https://openalex.org/W2091235628","https://openalex.org/W2094789414","https://openalex.org/W2097670073","https://openalex.org/W2101227285","https://openalex.org/W2104236502","https://openalex.org/W2117695619","https://openalex.org/W2123779036","https://openalex.org/W2123954537","https://openalex.org/W2126105956","https://openalex.org/W2138428785","https://openalex.org/W2140984588","https://openalex.org/W2143404201","https://openalex.org/W2149933564","https://openalex.org/W2150069716","https://openalex.org/W2159291411","https://openalex.org/W2165698076","https://openalex.org/W2171060037","https://openalex.org/W2249475272","https://openalex.org/W2344072768","https://openalex.org/W2373641322","https://openalex.org/W2518085703","https://openalex.org/W2590123570","https://openalex.org/W2604856537","https://openalex.org/W2604879234","https://openalex.org/W2605705966","https://openalex.org/W2613206411","https://openalex.org/W2732547613","https://openalex.org/W2736761179","https://openalex.org/W2740402962","https://openalex.org/W2743323681","https://openalex.org/W2744218027","https://openalex.org/W2757024591","https://openalex.org/W2760770811","https://openalex.org/W2761479024","https://openalex.org/W2769879317","https://openalex.org/W2793098857","https://openalex.org/W2793313422","https://openalex.org/W2795469443","https://openalex.org/W2798515322","https://openalex.org/W2808924534","https://openalex.org/W2896714436","https://openalex.org/W2962948349","https://openalex.org/W2963642335","https://openalex.org/W2963715041","https://openalex.org/W2963721181","https://openalex.org/W2963822306","https://openalex.org/W2964281761","https://openalex.org/W2964298054","https://openalex.org/W3003349084","https://openalex.org/W3035219538","https://openalex.org/W3098844916","https://openalex.org/W3145442896","https://openalex.org/W3167751733","https://openalex.org/W4213379944","https://openalex.org/W4238859253","https://openalex.org/W4241879543","https://openalex.org/W4297957988","https://openalex.org/W6602343995","https://openalex.org/W6631259609","https://openalex.org/W6639007902","https://openalex.org/W6682132143","https://openalex.org/W6683633756","https://openalex.org/W6735916004","https://openalex.org/W6749468489","https://openalex.org/W6780052409","https://openalex.org/W6833780757"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2619315857","https://openalex.org/W2965261000","https://openalex.org/W2915322313","https://openalex.org/W2347907096","https://openalex.org/W1039235300","https://openalex.org/W3082321580","https://openalex.org/W2243035284","https://openalex.org/W2783484890","https://openalex.org/W2396486873","https://openalex.org/W110994617","https://openalex.org/W2132176208","https://openalex.org/W2887045587","https://openalex.org/W2901461314","https://openalex.org/W2148167435","https://openalex.org/W2384259217","https://openalex.org/W2762757098","https://openalex.org/W3103421857","https://openalex.org/W2291475864","https://openalex.org/W2885451306","https://openalex.org/W2244939290"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"software":[1,20,167,173],"systems":[2,174],"grow":[3],"in":[4,243],"complexity":[5],"and":[6,56,104,148,187],"the":[7,15,58,84,106,109,151,157,223],"space":[8],"of":[9,18,38,93,108,119,195,222],"possible":[10,76],"configurations":[11,44,200],"increases":[12],"exponentially,":[13],"finding":[14],"near-optimal":[16],"configuration":[17,168],"a":[19,35,62,91,117,122,131,140,181,184,188,219,239],"system":[21,60],"becomes":[22],"challenging.":[23],"Recent":[24],"approaches":[25],"address":[26],"this":[27],"challenge":[28],"by":[29,211,226],"learning":[30,67,89,97,120,134,149],"performance":[31,107],"models":[32,110],"based":[33,170],"on":[34,68,146,171,231],"sample":[36,43,52],"set":[37],"configurations.":[39],"However,":[40],"collecting":[41],"enough":[42],"can":[45,114],"be":[46],"very":[47],"expensive":[48],"since":[49],"each":[50,194],"such":[51],"requires":[53],"configuring,":[54],"compiling,":[55],"executing":[57],"entire":[59],"using":[61],"complex":[63],"test":[64],"suite.":[65],"When":[66],"new":[69,85,240],"data":[70,100,190],"is":[71,75,139,238],"too":[72],"expensive,":[73],"it":[74],"to":[77,83],"useTransfer":[78],"Learningto":[79],"\u201ctransfer\u201d":[80],"old":[81,158],"lessons":[82],"context.":[86],"Traditional":[87],"transfer":[88,113,133,142,214],"has":[90],"number":[92],"challenges,":[94],"specifically,":[95],"(a)":[96],"from":[98,121,150,155],"excessive":[99,102],"takes":[101],"time,":[103],"(b)":[105],"built":[111],"via":[112],"deteriorate":[115],"as":[116,203,205],"result":[118],"poor":[123],"source.":[124],"To":[125],"resolve":[126],"these":[127,196,232],"problems,":[128],"we":[129,234],"propose":[130],"novel":[132],"framework":[135],"called":[136],"BEETLE,":[137],"which":[138],"\u201cbellwether\u201d-based":[141],"learner":[143],"that":[144,201,236],"focuses":[145],"identifying":[147],"most":[152],"relevant":[153],"source":[154],"amongst":[156],"data.":[159],"This":[160],"paper":[161],"evaluates":[162],"BEETLE":[163,198,237],"with":[164],"57":[165],"different":[166],"problems":[169],"five":[172],"(a":[175],"video":[176],"encoder,":[177],"an":[178],"SAT":[179],"solver,":[180],"SQL":[182],"database,":[183],"high-performance":[185],"C-compiler,":[186],"streaming":[189],"analytics":[191],"tool).":[192],"In":[193],"cases,":[197],"found":[199,210],"are":[202],"good":[204],"or":[206],"better":[207],"than":[208],"those":[209,227],"other":[212,228],"state-of-the-art":[213],"learners":[215],"while":[216],"requiring":[217],"only":[218],"fraction":[220],"($\\frac{1}{7}$th)":[221],"measurements":[224],"needed":[225],"methods.":[229],"Based":[230],"results,":[233],"say":[235],"high-water":[241],"mark":[242],"optimally":[244],"configuring":[245],"software.":[246]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-05T07:39:15.569665","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}