{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3003756849","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2020.2970009","title":"Contract-Based Program Repair Without The Contracts: An Extended Study","display_name":"Contract-Based Program Repair Without The Contracts: An Extended Study","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3003756849","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2020.2970009","mag":"3003756849"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tse.2020.2970009","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2020.2970009","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8351582","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","issn_l":"0098-5589","issn":["0098-5589","1939-3520","2326-3881"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://ira.lib.polyu.edu.hk/bitstream/10397/94340/1/Chen_Contract-based_Program_Repair.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080657085","display_name":"Liushan Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0414-4987"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Liushan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028795031","display_name":"Yu Pei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6065-6958"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Pei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031470846","display_name":"Carlo A. Furia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1040-3201"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57201433","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 della Svizzera italiana","ror":"https://ror.org/03c4atk17","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57201433"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carlo A. Furia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Software Institute of USI Universit\u00e0 della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Software Institute of USI Universit\u00e0 della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57201433"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5080657085"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.4823,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94575637,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"47","issue":"12","first_page":"2841","last_page":"2857"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overfitting","display_name":"Overfitting","score":0.7532708644866943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7422255873680115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/java","display_name":"Java","score":0.6538997888565063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.5589305758476257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spurious-relationship","display_name":"Spurious relationship","score":0.4821767210960388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.4221291244029999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.40489691495895386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.35839298367500305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.30803248286247253}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22019652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331309","display_name":"Overfitting","level":3,"score":0.7532708644866943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7422255873680115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548217200","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251","display_name":"Java","level":2,"score":0.6538997888565063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.5589305758476257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97256817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1462316","display_name":"Spurious relationship","level":2,"score":0.4821767210960388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.4221291244029999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.40489691495895386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.35839298367500305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.30803248286247253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tse.2020.2970009","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2020.2970009","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8351582","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","issn_l":"0098-5589","issn":["0098-5589","1939-3520","2326-3881"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ira.lib.polyu.edu.hk:10397/94340","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10397/94340","pdf_url":"http://ira.lib.polyu.edu.hk/bitstream/10397/94340/1/Chen_Contract-based_Program_Repair.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400205","display_name":"PolyU Institutional Research Archive (Hong Kong Polytechnic University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal/Magazine Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research.chalmers.se:521217","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.chalmers.se/en/publication/521217","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402469","display_name":"Chalmers Research (Chalmers University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","host_organization_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ira.lib.polyu.edu.hk:10397/94340","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10397/94340","pdf_url":"http://ira.lib.polyu.edu.hk/bitstream/10397/94340/1/Chen_Contract-based_Program_Repair.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400205","display_name":"PolyU Institutional Research Archive (Hong Kong Polytechnic University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal/Magazine Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4836148144","display_name":"Immunologie des Typ-1 Diabetes.","funder_award_id":"20002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","funder_display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5256785375","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"200021-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","funder_display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5351755899","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1-ZVJ1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322598","funder_display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6344135962","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Hi-Fi 200021-182060","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","funder_display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G65162470","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","funder_display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7156014972","display_name":"Rechtsquellen des Kantons Glarus, Band III","funder_award_id":"15270","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","funder_display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7613953191","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"G-YBXU","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322598","funder_display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G848032724","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8982042","display_name":"Hi-Fi: Widely Applicable and Usable Automated Program Repair","funder_award_id":"182060","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","funder_display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G993971353","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"200021","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","funder_display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/00yjd3n13"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322598","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3003756849.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W841012168","https://openalex.org/W1475493299","https://openalex.org/W1526710119","https://openalex.org/W1946412544","https://openalex.org/W1977696633","https://openalex.org/W1986544324","https://openalex.org/W2010833880","https://openalex.org/W2013655083","https://openalex.org/W2029726540","https://openalex.org/W2058547057","https://openalex.org/W2060333670","https://openalex.org/W2061575154","https://openalex.org/W2095768925","https://openalex.org/W2101819268","https://openalex.org/W2114334695","https://openalex.org/W2122947685","https://openalex.org/W2142741391","https://openalex.org/W2144575244","https://openalex.org/W2153881107","https://openalex.org/W2156357889","https://openalex.org/W2165663378","https://openalex.org/W2172154252","https://openalex.org/W2272835211","https://openalex.org/W2274071363","https://openalex.org/W2296178404","https://openalex.org/W2343875716","https://openalex.org/W2344973853","https://openalex.org/W2373227884","https://openalex.org/W2400994325","https://openalex.org/W2465133314","https://openalex.org/W2518136680","https://openalex.org/W2537787699","https://openalex.org/W2548997977","https://openalex.org/W2620081107","https://openalex.org/W2735107749","https://openalex.org/W2740646481","https://openalex.org/W2762550985","https://openalex.org/W2767431443","https://openalex.org/W2767766265","https://openalex.org/W2767951593","https://openalex.org/W2784445699","https://openalex.org/W2794443436","https://openalex.org/W2795030435","https://openalex.org/W2804618777","https://openalex.org/W2867448323","https://openalex.org/W2905278195","https://openalex.org/W2905489084","https://openalex.org/W2962708851","https://openalex.org/W2967591898","https://openalex.org/W3016496139","https://openalex.org/W3100600242","https://openalex.org/W3103458892","https://openalex.org/W4231241365","https://openalex.org/W4244452926","https://openalex.org/W4255632703","https://openalex.org/W4256377773","https://openalex.org/W6640755664","https://openalex.org/W6694412320","https://openalex.org/W6763291063"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1574414179","https://openalex.org/W4362597605","https://openalex.org/W4297676672","https://openalex.org/W4281702477","https://openalex.org/W2162899405","https://openalex.org/W2922073769","https://openalex.org/W4378510483","https://openalex.org/W2490526372","https://openalex.org/W4376166922","https://openalex.org/W4221142204"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Most":[0],"techniques":[1,60],"for":[2,47,61,122,229],"automated":[3],"program":[4,32],"repair":[5,12],"(APR)":[6],"use":[7],"tests":[8,26],"to":[9,18,56,151],"drive":[10],"the":[11,24,80,86,163,166,203,212],"process;":[13],"this":[14,233],"makes":[15],"them":[16],"prone":[17],"generating":[19],"spurious":[20],"repairs":[21],"that":[22,51,180],"overfit":[23],"available":[25],"unless":[27],"additional":[28,74],"information":[29],"about":[30],"expected":[31],"behavior":[33],"is":[34,116,140,160,190],"available.":[35],"Our":[36],"previous":[37],"work":[38,87],"on":[39,88,143,202,222],"<sc":[40,89,113,137,157,187],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[41,90,114,138,158,188],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Jaid</small>":[42,91,115,139,159,189],",":[43],"an":[44,218],"APR":[45,219],"technique":[46,220],"Java":[48,66],"programs,":[49],"showed":[50],"constructing":[52],"detailed":[53],"state":[54,164],"abstractions\u2014similar":[55],"those":[57],"employed":[58],"by":[59],"programs":[62],"with":[63,92,129,162],"contracts\u2014from":[64],"plain":[65],"code":[67],"without":[68],"any":[69,174],"special":[70],"annotations":[71],"provides":[72],"valuable":[73],"information,":[75],"and":[76,177,196],"hence":[77],"helps":[78],"mitigate":[79],"overfitting":[81],"problem.":[82],"This":[83],"paper":[84],"extends":[85],"a":[93,130,153],"comprehensive":[94],"experimental":[95,208],"evaluation":[96,106],"involving":[97],"693":[98],"bugs":[99,172,179],"in":[100,216,232],"three":[101],"different":[102],"benchmark":[103],"suites.":[104],"The":[105,207],"shows,":[107],"among":[108],"other":[109,175,182],"things,":[110],"that:":[111],"1)":[112],"effective:":[117],"it":[118,145,169],"produced":[119],"correct":[120,154],"fixes":[121],"over":[123],"15":[124],"percent":[125],"of":[126,132,165,205,235],"all":[127],"bugs,":[128],"precision":[131],"nearly":[133],"60":[134],"percent;":[135],"2)":[136],"reasonably":[141],"efficient:":[142],"average,":[144],"took":[146],"less":[147],"than":[148,173],"30":[149],"minutes":[150],"output":[152],"fix;":[155,185],"3)":[156],"competitive":[161],"art,":[167],"as":[168,224,226],"fixed":[170],"more":[171],"technique,":[176],"11":[178],"no":[181],"tool":[183],"can":[184],"4)":[186],"robust:":[191],"its":[192],"heuristics":[193],"are":[194],"complementary":[195],"their":[197],"effectiveness":[198],"does":[199],"not":[200],"depend":[201],"fine-tuning":[204],"parameters.":[206],"results":[209],"also":[210],"indicate":[211],"main":[213],"trade-offs":[214],"involved":[215],"designing":[217],"based":[221],"tests,":[223],"well":[225],"possible":[227],"directions":[228],"further":[230],"progress":[231],"line":[234],"work.":[236]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}