{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2791610814","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2018.2816639","title":"Detecting Bugs by Discovering Expectations and Their Violations","display_name":"Detecting Bugs by Discovering Expectations and Their Violations","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-03-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2791610814","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2018.2816639","mag":"2791610814"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tse.2018.2816639","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2018.2816639","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8351582","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","issn_l":"0098-5589","issn":["0098-5589","1939-3520","2326-3881"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045485856","display_name":"Pan Bian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0844-4805"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78988378","display_name":"Renmin University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/041pakw92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pan Bian","raw_affiliation_strings":["the Key Laboratory of DEKE, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"the Key Laboratory of DEKE, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100644627","display_name":"Bin Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4818-7164"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78988378","display_name":"Renmin University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/041pakw92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["the Key Laboratory of DEKE, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"the Key Laboratory of DEKE, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101905404","display_name":"Yan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8740-2154"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78988378","display_name":"Renmin University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/041pakw92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["the Key Laboratory of DEKE, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"the Key Laboratory of DEKE, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012567101","display_name":"Chaoqun Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5081-5537"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78988378","display_name":"Renmin University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/041pakw92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chaoqun Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["the Key Laboratory of DEKE, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"the Key Laboratory of DEKE, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017405627","display_name":"Wenchang Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5160-1223"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78988378","display_name":"Renmin University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/041pakw92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenchang Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["the Key Laboratory of DEKE, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"the Key Laboratory of DEKE, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019924930","display_name":"Yan Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4768-0272"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Computer Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Computer Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045485856"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.6757,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96894799,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"45","issue":"10","first_page":"984","last_page":"1001"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8699613809585571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-positive-paradox","display_name":"False positive paradox","score":0.6742635369300842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-code","display_name":"Source code","score":0.64417564868927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-bug","display_name":"Software bug","score":0.6163194179534912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.5931332111358643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preprocessor","display_name":"Preprocessor","score":0.5861115455627441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.5297613739967346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.5214706659317017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5199609994888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/program-slicing","display_name":"Program slicing","score":0.4773145616054535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.47588101029396057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-program-analysis","display_name":"Static program analysis","score":0.46411803364753723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation","display_name":"Implementation","score":0.4442228674888611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.35892078280448914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.31225860118865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.28159385919570923}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8699613809585571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64869954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1859747","display_name":"False positive paradox","level":2,"score":0.6742635369300842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.64417564868927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1009929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179550","display_name":"Software bug","level":3,"score":0.6163194179534912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.5931332111358643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.5861115455627441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.5297613739967346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5214706659317017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5199609994888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91071405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1413145","display_name":"Program slicing","level":3,"score":0.4773145616054535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.47588101029396057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137287247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1329550","display_name":"Static program analysis","level":4,"score":0.46411803364753723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.4442228674888611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.35892078280448914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.31225860118865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.28159385919570923}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tse.2018.2816639","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2018.2816639","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8351582","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","issn_l":"0098-5589","issn":["0098-5589","1939-3520","2326-3881"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2173173066","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61502465","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5644943167","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61170240","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6450133107","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017151","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322847","funder_display_name":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7158186795","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"91418206","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8195692176","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61472429","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322847","display_name":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/031141b54"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":80,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W159524162","https://openalex.org/W1491178396","https://openalex.org/W1525731446","https://openalex.org/W1545684573","https://openalex.org/W1563577331","https://openalex.org/W1567790484","https://openalex.org/W1601356550","https://openalex.org/W1655956671","https://openalex.org/W1660390307","https://openalex.org/W1843474218","https://openalex.org/W1968027261","https://openalex.org/W1977328072","https://openalex.org/W1979823412","https://openalex.org/W1980689777","https://openalex.org/W1985258161","https://openalex.org/W1990880047","https://openalex.org/W1992114977","https://openalex.org/W2006658471","https://openalex.org/W2028820179","https://openalex.org/W2030972311","https://openalex.org/W2043811931","https://openalex.org/W2054520963","https://openalex.org/W2056038097","https://openalex.org/W2065947145","https://openalex.org/W2069268700","https://openalex.org/W2074644416","https://openalex.org/W2079599301","https://openalex.org/W2079753286","https://openalex.org/W2092483417","https://openalex.org/W2100645382","https://openalex.org/W2105452745","https://openalex.org/W2106972913","https://openalex.org/W2109612250","https://openalex.org/W2111923861","https://openalex.org/W2118484294","https://openalex.org/W2121818394","https://openalex.org/W2123227336","https://openalex.org/W2123896602","https://openalex.org/W2124666592","https://openalex.org/W2132901790","https://openalex.org/W2136646111","https://openalex.org/W2137390126","https://openalex.org/W2138546883","https://openalex.org/W2144344516","https://openalex.org/W2150656895","https://openalex.org/W2152874840","https://openalex.org/W2156841542","https://openalex.org/W2158297335","https://openalex.org/W2158391928","https://openalex.org/W2162778607","https://openalex.org/W2165004968","https://openalex.org/W2166336492","https://openalex.org/W2170196926","https://openalex.org/W2295399529","https://openalex.org/W2332631626","https://openalex.org/W2360967250","https://openalex.org/W2375939852","https://openalex.org/W2402619042","https://openalex.org/W2484116259","https://openalex.org/W2496223032","https://openalex.org/W2509822438","https://openalex.org/W2514538448","https://openalex.org/W2913256667","https://openalex.org/W3140172417","https://openalex.org/W3141181691","https://openalex.org/W3146369470","https://openalex.org/W3150302838","https://openalex.org/W4253120409","https://openalex.org/W4253692155","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6606471382","https://openalex.org/W6631203707","https://openalex.org/W6632492962","https://openalex.org/W6633995546","https://openalex.org/W6635959321","https://openalex.org/W6642147301","https://openalex.org/W6696642037","https://openalex.org/W6702684050","https://openalex.org/W6722400398","https://openalex.org/W6723270624"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4308823623","https://openalex.org/W48604291","https://openalex.org/W4240545424","https://openalex.org/W2942625968","https://openalex.org/W377327559","https://openalex.org/W2888962833","https://openalex.org/W4210653322","https://openalex.org/W2019168903","https://openalex.org/W2360139790","https://openalex.org/W2088296131"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Code":[0],"mining":[1,125],"has":[2],"been":[3,160],"proven":[4],"to":[5,10,42,56,73,87,112,121,136],"be":[6,122],"a":[7,37,104,133],"promising":[8],"approach":[9,39],"inferring":[11],"implicit":[12],"programming":[13],"rules":[14,58],"for":[15],"finding":[16],"software":[17],"bugs.":[18],"However,":[19],"existing":[20],"methods":[21],"may":[22],"report":[23],"large":[24],"numbers":[25],"of":[26,46,63,168,180],"false":[27,30],"positives":[28],"and":[29,59,97,143],"negatives.":[31],"In":[32,82],"this":[33],"paper,":[34],"we":[35,69,130],"propose":[36],"novel":[38],"called":[40],"EAntMiner":[41,49,142,151,174],"improve":[43,177],"the":[44,64,75,114,178],"effectiveness":[45],"code":[47,181],"mining.":[48,182],"elaborately":[50],"reduces":[51],"noises":[52],"from":[53,92],"statements":[54,85],"irrelevant":[55,86],"interesting":[57],"different":[60],"implementation":[61],"forms":[62],"same":[65],"logic.":[66],"During":[67],"preprocessing,":[68],"employ":[70],"program":[71],"slicing":[72],"decompose":[74],"original":[76],"source":[77,93],"repository":[78],"into":[79,103],"independent":[80],"sub-repositories.":[81],"each":[83],"sub-repository,":[84],"critical":[88],"operations":[89],"(automatically":[90],"extracted":[91],"code)":[94],"are":[95,101,119],"excluded":[96],"various":[98],"semantics-equivalent":[99],"implementations":[100],"normalized":[102],"canonical":[105],"form":[106],"as":[107,109,128],"far":[108],"possible.":[110],"Moreover,":[111],"tackle":[113],"challenge":[115],"that":[116,158,173],"some":[117],"bugs":[118,157],"difficult":[120],"detected":[123,153],"by":[124,162],"frequent":[126],"patterns":[127],"rules,":[129],"further":[131],"developed":[132],"kNN-based":[134],"method":[135],"identify":[137],"them.":[138],"We":[139],"have":[140,159],"implemented":[141],"evaluated":[144],"it":[145],"on":[146],"four":[147],"large-scale":[148],"C":[149],"systems.":[150],"successfully":[152],"105":[154],"previously":[155],"unknown":[156],"confirmed":[161],"corresponding":[163],"development":[164],"communities.":[165],"A":[166],"set":[167],"comparative":[169],"evaluations":[170],"also":[171],"demonstrate":[172],"can":[175],"effectively":[176],"precision":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}