{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2769519668","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2017.2774297","title":"Competition-Based Crowdsourcing Software Development: A Multi-Method Study from a Customer Perspective","display_name":"Competition-Based Crowdsourcing Software Development: A Multi-Method Study from a Customer Perspective","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-11-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2769519668","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2017.2774297","mag":"2769519668"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tse.2017.2774297","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2017.2774297","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/32/8666946/08119867.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8351582","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","issn_l":"0098-5589","issn":["0098-5589","1939-3520","2326-3881"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/32/8666946/08119867.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053754637","display_name":"Klaas-Jan Stol","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1038-5050"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I230495080","display_name":"University of Limerick","ror":"https://ror.org/00a0n9e72","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I230495080"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Klaas-Jan Stol","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lero\u2014The Irish Software Research Centre, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lero\u2014The Irish Software Research Centre, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I230495080"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091598445","display_name":"Bora \u00c7a\u011flayan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8491-4453"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bora Caglayan","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Ireland, Dublin 4, Ireland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Ireland, Dublin 4, Ireland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085910237","display_name":"Brian Fitzgerald","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9193-2863"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I230495080","display_name":"University of Limerick","ror":"https://ror.org/00a0n9e72","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I230495080"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brian Fitzgerald","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lero\u2014The Irish Software Research Centre, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lero\u2014The Irish Software Research Centre, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I230495080"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053754637"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I230495080"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.2274,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":53,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97347394,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"45","issue":"3","first_page":"237","last_page":"260"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11675","display_name":"Open Source Software Innovations","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11675","display_name":"Open Source Software Innovations","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crowdsourcing","display_name":"Crowdsourcing","score":0.9827944040298462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crowdsourcing-software-development","display_name":"Crowdsourcing software development","score":0.8364165425300598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6843291521072388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outsourcing","display_name":"Outsourcing","score":0.6616716384887695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.5952839255332947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5040916204452515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.4893185794353485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interdependence","display_name":"Interdependence","score":0.47054630517959595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4622347950935364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.44314053654670715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.38723039627075195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2540751099586487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.17037922143936157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development-process","display_name":"Software development process","score":0.16574904322624207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.1549549400806427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.09420895576477051}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62230096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275969","display_name":"Crowdsourcing","level":2,"score":0.9827944040298462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32810761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17082146","display_name":"Crowdsourcing software development","level":5,"score":0.8364165425300598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6843291521072388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46934059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61515","display_name":"Outsourcing","level":2,"score":0.6616716384887695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.5952839255332947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5040916204452515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.4893185794353485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185874996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269699","display_name":"Interdependence","level":2,"score":0.47054630517959595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4622347950935364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.44314053654670715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.38723039627075195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2540751099586487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.17037922143936157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180152950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2904257","display_name":"Software development process","level":4,"score":0.16574904322624207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.1549549400806427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.09420895576477051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tse.2017.2774297","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2017.2774297","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/32/8666946/08119867.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8351582","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","issn_l":"0098-5589","issn":["0098-5589","1939-3520","2326-3881"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:http://www.rian.ie/157908/","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10344/7566","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400033","display_name":"Arrow@dit (Dublin Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I115570527","host_organization_name":"Dublin Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115570527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"15/IRG3293","raw_type":"Journal article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cora.ucc.ie:10468/6977","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10468/6977","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401150","display_name":"Cork Open Research Archive (University College Cork, Ireland)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210141138","host_organization_name":"APC Microbiome Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141138"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article (peer-reviewed)"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/19852453","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Competition-based_crowdsourcing_software_development_a_multi-method_study_from_a_customer_perspective/19852453","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tse.2017.2774297","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2017.2774297","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/32/8666946/08119867.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8351582","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","issn_l":"0098-5589","issn":["0098-5589","1939-3520","2326-3881"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.44999998807907104,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1076797115","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"co-funded","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1792808459","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"13/RC/2094","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3002506080","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"3/RC/2094","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320847","funder_display_name":"Science Foundation Ireland"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3718480972","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"15/SIRG/3293","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320847","funder_display_name":"Science Foundation Ireland"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7646705613","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"13/RC/209","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320847","funder_display_name":"Science Foundation Ireland"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7736775806","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"13/RC/2094","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320847","funder_display_name":"Science Foundation Ireland"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320847","display_name":"Science Foundation Ireland","ror":"https://ror.org/0271asj38"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","display_name":"European Regional Development Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2769519668.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2769519668.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":171,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W26330252","https://openalex.org/W28653131","https://openalex.org/W65801920","https://openalex.org/W68510733","https://openalex.org/W77450664","https://openalex.org/W83303476","https://openalex.org/W92144478","https://openalex.org/W92457917","https://openalex.org/W118259468","https://openalex.org/W143399821","https://openalex.org/W159136832","https://openalex.org/W774359325","https://openalex.org/W801938556","https://openalex.org/W1154807952","https://openalex.org/W1482574093","https://openalex.org/W1483034995","https://openalex.org/W1491644571","https://openalex.org/W1505316740","https://openalex.org/W1506150625","https://openalex.org/W1508464170","https://openalex.org/W1510316655","https://openalex.org/W1525088415","https://openalex.org/W1556808170","https://openalex.org/W1557437459","https://openalex.org/W1560582989","https://openalex.org/W1588044251","https://openalex.org/W1590411898","https://openalex.org/W1695350145","https://openalex.org/W1703850002","https://openalex.org/W1833911422","https://openalex.org/W1836311887","https://openalex.org/W1913957972","https://openalex.org/W1951168098","https://openalex.org/W1952957277","https://openalex.org/W1963578450","https://openalex.org/W1963871081","https://openalex.org/W1966119171","https://openalex.org/W1971342410","https://openalex.org/W1974886173","https://openalex.org/W1976646024","https://openalex.org/W1981656477","https://openalex.org/W1982559457","https://openalex.org/W1986715167","https://openalex.org/W1987769722","https://openalex.org/W1999024121","https://openalex.org/W2005856863","https://openalex.org/W2018201949","https://openalex.org/W2020740057","https://openalex.org/W2026348057","https://openalex.org/W2030630447","https://openalex.org/W2030793160","https://openalex.org/W2031478247","https://openalex.org/W2031663555","https://openalex.org/W2039241549","https://openalex.org/W2041411104","https://openalex.org/W2041551942","https://openalex.org/W2044032580","https://openalex.org/W2045016560","https://openalex.org/W2050083545","https://openalex.org/W2050401924","https://openalex.org/W2053515873","https://openalex.org/W2058179030","https://openalex.org/W2058638038","https://openalex.org/W2059771511","https://openalex.org/W2060440026","https://openalex.org/W2064499509","https://openalex.org/W2071666535","https://openalex.org/W2072601349","https://openalex.org/W2077667744","https://openalex.org/W2080226267","https://openalex.org/W2082303393","https://openalex.org/W2084261647","https://openalex.org/W2090649853","https://openalex.org/W2093585284","https://openalex.org/W2096547436","https://openalex.org/W2099558920","https://openalex.org/W2102879410","https://openalex.org/W2104438030","https://openalex.org/W2104577574","https://openalex.org/W2104926950","https://openalex.org/W2108188807","https://openalex.org/W2110818686","https://openalex.org/W2111742571","https://openalex.org/W2112021024","https://openalex.org/W2113872334","https://openalex.org/W2116537371","https://openalex.org/W2120787072","https://openalex.org/W2123586642","https://openalex.org/W2124327196","https://openalex.org/W2124576904","https://openalex.org/W2128677857","https://openalex.org/W2129444086","https://openalex.org/W2133485007","https://openalex.org/W2134119432","https://openalex.org/W2134368355","https://openalex.org/W2134923335","https://openalex.org/W2138363826","https://openalex.org/W2140287075","https://openalex.org/W2140819045","https://openalex.org/W2142929697","https://openalex.org/W2150374398","https://openalex.org/W2151872854","https://openalex.org/W2152344957","https://openalex.org/W2154236932","https://openalex.org/W2154762950","https://openalex.org/W2159017129","https://openalex.org/W2164549414","https://openalex.org/W2164827649","https://openalex.org/W2167514255","https://openalex.org/W2167928095","https://openalex.org/W2168765606","https://openalex.org/W2169593491","https://openalex.org/W2171816001","https://openalex.org/W2171913066","https://openalex.org/W2171965515","https://openalex.org/W2172104240","https://openalex.org/W2182472765","https://openalex.org/W2194846822","https://openalex.org/W2200382673","https://openalex.org/W2262869240","https://openalex.org/W2293798798","https://openalex.org/W2294502604","https://openalex.org/W2310755775","https://openalex.org/W2337436451","https://openalex.org/W2353739181","https://openalex.org/W2424693453","https://openalex.org/W2463109813","https://openalex.org/W2521344485","https://openalex.org/W2522186013","https://openalex.org/W2522233273","https://openalex.org/W2522392665","https://openalex.org/W2527660037","https://openalex.org/W2541690988","https://openalex.org/W2557095975","https://openalex.org/W2602758315","https://openalex.org/W2724495271","https://openalex.org/W2784954700","https://openalex.org/W2811464350","https://openalex.org/W2907987613","https://openalex.org/W2944636340","https://openalex.org/W2969587975","https://openalex.org/W2983995785","https://openalex.org/W3121257585","https://openalex.org/W3123678222","https://openalex.org/W3124258878","https://openalex.org/W3126123353","https://openalex.org/W3129904307","https://openalex.org/W4206457894","https://openalex.org/W4230939871","https://openalex.org/W4233152543","https://openalex.org/W4236523229","https://openalex.org/W4243916257","https://openalex.org/W4249454228","https://openalex.org/W4249866302","https://openalex.org/W4253605817","https://openalex.org/W4254205460","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4301352023","https://openalex.org/W4322739584","https://openalex.org/W6601084635","https://openalex.org/W6603385601","https://openalex.org/W6603737075","https://openalex.org/W6603741608","https://openalex.org/W6605785784","https://openalex.org/W6622609762","https://openalex.org/W6658111430","https://openalex.org/W6675718881","https://openalex.org/W6686043061","https://openalex.org/W6726939403","https://openalex.org/W6747469341","https://openalex.org/W6758135205"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2737596577","https://openalex.org/W2512762878","https://openalex.org/W2030793160","https://openalex.org/W162737300","https://openalex.org/W2520748299","https://openalex.org/W2033745466","https://openalex.org/W2520160102","https://openalex.org/W2046555014","https://openalex.org/W3131060711","https://openalex.org/W2548342535"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Crowdsourcing":[0],"is":[1,9],"emerging":[2],"as":[3,39,109],"an":[4,110,115,131],"alternative":[5],"outsourcing":[6],"strategy":[7,78],"which":[8,25,43],"gaining":[10],"increasing":[11],"attention":[12],"in":[13,47,67,119,168,198],"the":[14,29,62,68,106,126,142,154,180,184],"software":[15,20,69],"engineering":[16],"community.":[17],"However,":[18],"crowdsourcing":[19,36,66,107,135,146,155,169],"development":[21,70],"involves":[22],"complex":[23],"tasks":[24],"differ":[26],"significantly":[27,194],"from":[28,105,149],"micro-tasks":[30],"that":[31,183],"can":[32],"be":[33],"found":[34],"on":[35,141],"platforms":[37],"such":[38],"Amazon":[40],"Mechanical":[41],"Turk":[42],"are":[44,49,182],"much":[45],"shorter":[46],"duration,":[48],"typically":[50],"very":[51,143],"simple,":[52],"and":[53,80,92,153,165,188],"do":[54,192],"not":[55,193],"involve":[56],"any":[57],"task":[58],"interdependencies.":[59],"To":[60],"achieve":[61],"potential":[63],"benefits":[64],"of":[65,102,133,162,186,190],"context,":[71],"companies":[72],"need":[73],"to":[74],"understand":[75],"how":[76],"this":[77,173],"works,":[79],"what":[81],"factors":[82],"might":[83],"affect":[84],"crowd":[85,163,196],"participation.":[86],"We":[87,124,171],"present":[88],"a":[89,100,120,138,159],"multi-method":[90],"qualitative":[91],"quantitative":[93],"theory-building":[94],"research":[95],"study.":[96],"First,":[97],"we":[98,157],"derive":[99],"set":[101],"key":[103],"concerns":[104],"literature":[108],"initial":[111],"analytical":[112],"framework":[113],"for":[114],"exploratory":[116],"case":[117,127],"study":[118,128],"Fortune":[121],"500":[122],"company.":[123],"complement":[125],"findings":[129,152,181],"with":[130],"analysis":[132],"13,602":[134],"competitions":[136,191],"over":[137],"ten-year":[139],"period":[140],"popular":[144],"Topcoder":[145],"platform.":[147],"Drawing":[148],"our":[150],"empirical":[151],"literature,":[156],"propose":[158],"theoretical":[160],"model":[161,174],"interest":[164,197],"actual":[166],"participation":[167],"competitions.":[170,199],"evaluate":[172],"using":[175],"Structural":[176],"Equation":[177],"Modeling.":[178],"Among":[179],"level":[185],"prize":[187],"duration":[189],"increase":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}