{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4253136463","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2017.2752171","title":"The Scent of a Smell: An Extensive Comparison Between Textual and Structural Smells","display_name":"The Scent of a Smell: An Extensive Comparison Between Textual and Structural Smells","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-09-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4253136463","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2017.2752171"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tse.2017.2752171","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2017.2752171","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8351582","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","issn_l":"0098-5589","issn":["0098-5589","1939-3520","2326-3881"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://orbilu.uni.lu/handle/10993/32072","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033738898","display_name":"Fabio Palomba","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9337-5116"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabio Palomba","raw_affiliation_strings":["TU Delft, Delft, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9337-5116","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TU Delft, Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067127346","display_name":"Annibale Panichella","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7395-3588"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Annibale Panichella","raw_affiliation_strings":["SnT Centre\u2014University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7395-3588","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SnT Centre\u2014University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046237164","display_name":"Andy Zaidman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2413-3935"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andy Zaidman","raw_affiliation_strings":["TU Delft, Delft, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2413-3935","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TU Delft, Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009727039","display_name":"Rocco Oliveto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7995-8582"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129627893","display_name":"University of Molise","ror":"https://ror.org/04z08z627","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129627893"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rocco Oliveto","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7995-8582","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129627893"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079088548","display_name":"Andrea De Lucia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4238-1425"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131729948","display_name":"University of Salerno","ror":"https://ror.org/0192m2k53","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131729948"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea De Lucia","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4238-1425","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131729948"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":16.8645,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":77,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.991049,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"44","issue":"10","first_page":"977","last_page":"1000"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9901000261306763,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-smell","display_name":"Code smell","score":0.9825285077095032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-refactoring","display_name":"Code refactoring","score":0.8938356637954712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7667334675788879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-code","display_name":"Source code","score":0.67157381772995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.5826482772827148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/program-comprehension","display_name":"Program comprehension","score":0.5804804563522339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5031532645225525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-quality","display_name":"Software quality","score":0.4673709273338318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-review","display_name":"Code review","score":0.4535433351993561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-maintenance","display_name":"Software maintenance","score":0.45084384083747864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-program-analysis","display_name":"Static program analysis","score":0.428357869386673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.4156755805015564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.30534547567367554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.2991006076335907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.2963654398918152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-system","display_name":"Software system","score":0.2870350182056427}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133237599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2295111","display_name":"Code smell","level":5,"score":0.9825285077095032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152752567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q116877","display_name":"Code refactoring","level":3,"score":0.8938356637954712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7667334675788879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.67157381772995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.5826482772827148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777561058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2652119","display_name":"Program comprehension","level":4,"score":0.5804804563522339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5031532645225525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117447612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412670","display_name":"Software quality","level":4,"score":0.4673709273338318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150292731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1342704","display_name":"Code review","level":5,"score":0.4535433351993561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101317890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q940053","display_name":"Software maintenance","level":4,"score":0.45084384083747864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137287247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1329550","display_name":"Static program analysis","level":4,"score":0.428357869386673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.4156755805015564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.30534547567367554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.2991006076335907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.2963654398918152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149091818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2429814","display_name":"Software system","level":3,"score":0.2870350182056427}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tse.2017.2752171","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2017.2752171","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8351582","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","issn_l":"0098-5589","issn":["0098-5589","1939-3520","2326-3881"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:orbilu.uni.lu:10993/32072","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://orbilu.uni.lu/handle/10993/32072","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401815","display_name":"Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Luxembourg)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","host_organization_name":"University of Luxembourg","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 44(10), 977-1000. IEEE (2018).","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:tudelft.nl:uuid:53742f37-9217-4d39-a87c-17051a8e8f28","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:53742f37-9217-4d39-a87c-17051a8e8f28","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400906","display_name":"Research Repository (Delft University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","host_organization_name":"Delft University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:orbilu.uni.lu:10993/32072","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://orbilu.uni.lu/handle/10993/32072","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401815","display_name":"Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Luxembourg)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","host_organization_name":"University of Luxembourg","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 44(10), 977-1000. IEEE (2018).","raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":107,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W6681031","https://openalex.org/W144610867","https://openalex.org/W172611762","https://openalex.org/W649920412","https://openalex.org/W1487083903","https://openalex.org/W1511637839","https://openalex.org/W1524601730","https://openalex.org/W1536294735","https://openalex.org/W1585610988","https://openalex.org/W1612015840","https://openalex.org/W1660390307","https://openalex.org/W1963598945","https://openalex.org/W1965658570","https://openalex.org/W1971421925","https://openalex.org/W1973328636","https://openalex.org/W1974655094","https://openalex.org/W1975790660","https://openalex.org/W1982871693","https://openalex.org/W1987438174","https://openalex.org/W1988814756","https://openalex.org/W1991172342","https://openalex.org/W2001730430","https://openalex.org/W2004833623","https://openalex.org/W2007504957","https://openalex.org/W2008593255","https://openalex.org/W2009256433","https://openalex.org/W2014418158","https://openalex.org/W2022557060","https://openalex.org/W2027203221","https://openalex.org/W2028897749","https://openalex.org/W2035390683","https://openalex.org/W2043328610","https://openalex.org/W2046263206","https://openalex.org/W2046276611","https://openalex.org/W2047971903","https://openalex.org/W2049055220","https://openalex.org/W2053703112","https://openalex.org/W2057433090","https://openalex.org/W2060561050","https://openalex.org/W2064873664","https://openalex.org/W2068430427","https://openalex.org/W2071983648","https://openalex.org/W2073792498","https://openalex.org/W2075917870","https://openalex.org/W2076804800","https://openalex.org/W2079247256","https://openalex.org/W2082743655","https://openalex.org/W2083714857","https://openalex.org/W2089910927","https://openalex.org/W2091039399","https://openalex.org/W2097642092","https://openalex.org/W2098162425","https://openalex.org/W2100925270","https://openalex.org/W2101526741","https://openalex.org/W2106013472","https://openalex.org/W2106669790","https://openalex.org/W2108086273","https://openalex.org/W2109144580","https://openalex.org/W2110385988","https://openalex.org/W2110891339","https://openalex.org/W2113322762","https://openalex.org/W2113867035","https://openalex.org/W2115685157","https://openalex.org/W2119811370","https://openalex.org/W2140405352","https://openalex.org/W2140504739","https://openalex.org/W2141069252","https://openalex.org/W2142978025","https://openalex.org/W2145700761","https://openalex.org/W2147152072","https://openalex.org/W2147881688","https://openalex.org/W2149963636","https://openalex.org/W2151295763","https://openalex.org/W2152372482","https://openalex.org/W2159157551","https://openalex.org/W2159725273","https://openalex.org/W2159739762","https://openalex.org/W2160506632","https://openalex.org/W2162363818","https://openalex.org/W2162982974","https://openalex.org/W2167804243","https://openalex.org/W2212732160","https://openalex.org/W2238078713","https://openalex.org/W2357064193","https://openalex.org/W2402199355","https://openalex.org/W2403793401","https://openalex.org/W2465318792","https://openalex.org/W2476494490","https://openalex.org/W2561923752","https://openalex.org/W2577322449","https://openalex.org/W2725758135","https://openalex.org/W2767787791","https://openalex.org/W2787379525","https://openalex.org/W2998678832","https://openalex.org/W3015238844","https://openalex.org/W3151807794","https://openalex.org/W4230684117","https://openalex.org/W4231711392","https://openalex.org/W4234375718","https://openalex.org/W4241233223","https://openalex.org/W4241437391","https://openalex.org/W4244802719","https://openalex.org/W4299689471","https://openalex.org/W6603594972","https://openalex.org/W6606912204","https://openalex.org/W6635035540","https://openalex.org/W6653970724"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2765394967","https://openalex.org/W4382562158","https://openalex.org/W2896744621","https://openalex.org/W4384026574","https://openalex.org/W2150625980","https://openalex.org/W1982871693","https://openalex.org/W2938801257","https://openalex.org/W2007425631","https://openalex.org/W4285737963","https://openalex.org/W2338725043"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Code":[0],"smells":[1,97,128,147,205,220,239],"are":[2,61,109,133,221,230,250],"symptoms":[3],"of":[4,18,39,66,76,106,212],"poor":[5],"design":[6],"or":[7,27,142,178],"implementation":[8],"choices":[9],"that":[10,44,95,216],"have":[11,35,85,93,162,185],"a":[12,37,166,187],"negative":[13],"effect":[14],"on":[15,41,63,103,176],"several":[16],"aspects":[17],"software":[19,167],"maintenance":[20],"and":[21,29,135,193,225,262],"evolution,":[22],"such":[23],"as":[24,253],"program":[25],"comprehension":[26],"change-":[28],"fault-proneness.":[30],"This":[31],"is":[32],"why":[33],"researchers":[34],"spent":[36],"lot":[38],"effort":[40],"devising":[42],"methods":[43],"help":[45],"developers":[46,138,174,192],"to":[47,171,198,223,233,237,259],"automatically":[48],"detect":[49],"them":[50],"in":[51,59,139,196],"source":[52,71],"code.":[53],"Almost":[54],"all":[55],"the":[56,64,104,117,140,208,245,248],"techniques":[57],"presented":[58],"literature":[60],"based":[62,102],"analysis":[65,105,132],"structural":[67,107,150,242],"properties":[68,108],"extracted":[69],"from":[70],"code,":[72],"although":[73],"alternative":[74],"sources":[75,211],"information":[77],"(e.g.,":[78],"textual":[79,131],"analysis)":[80],"for":[81,226],"code":[82,96,127,146,181,204,219,238],"smell":[83],"detection":[84],"also":[86],"been":[87],"recently":[88],"investigated.":[89],"Nevertheless,":[90],"some":[91],"studies":[92],"indicated":[94],"detected":[98,129,148,180,218,240],"by":[99,116,137],"existing":[100],"tools":[101],"generally":[110],"ignored":[111],"(and":[112],"thus":[113],"not":[114],"refactored)":[115],"developers.":[118],"In":[119],"this":[120,153,227],"paper,":[121],"we":[122,155,184],"aim":[123],"at":[124],"understanding":[125],"whether":[126],"using":[130,207,241],"perceived":[134,252],"refactored":[136],"same":[141],"different":[143,159,210],"way":[144],"than":[145],"through":[149],"analysis.":[151],"To":[152],"aim,":[154],"set":[156],"up":[157],"two":[158,209],"experiments.":[160],"We":[161],"first":[163],"carried":[164],"out":[165],"repository":[168],"mining":[169],"study":[170,189],"analyze":[172,200],"how":[173,201],"act":[175],"textually":[177,217],"structurally":[179],"smells.":[182],"Subsequently,":[183],"conducted":[186],"user":[188],"with":[190,235],"industrial":[191],"quality":[194],"experts":[195],"order":[197],"qualitatively":[199],"they":[202,229],"perceive":[203],"identified":[206],"information.":[213],"Results":[214],"indicate":[215],"easier":[222,232],"identify":[224,261],"reason":[228],"considered":[231],"refactor":[234],"respect":[236],"properties.":[243],"On":[244],"other":[246],"hand,":[247],"latter":[249],"often":[251],"more":[254,257],"severe,":[255],"but":[256],"difficult":[258],"exactly":[260],"remove.":[263]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}