{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2165482045","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2003.1199073","title":"Key establishment in large dynamic groups using one-way function trees","display_name":"Key establishment in large dynamic groups using one-way function trees","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2165482045","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2003.1199073","mag":"2165482045"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tse.2003.1199073","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2003.1199073","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8351582","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","issn_l":"0098-5589","issn":["0098-5589","1939-3520","2326-3881"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.13016/m2sfti-7zee","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083555581","display_name":"Alan T. Sherman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1130-4678"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126744593","display_name":"University of Maryland, Baltimore","ror":"https://ror.org/04rq5mt64","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126744593"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"A.T. Sherman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126744593"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011885435","display_name":"David McGrew","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4033-8662"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135428043","display_name":"Cisco Systems (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03yt1ez60","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135428043"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D.A. McGrew","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cisco Systems, Inc., San Jose, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cisco Systems, Inc., San Jose, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135428043"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083555581"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126744593"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":39.2463,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":715,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99788302,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"5","first_page":"444","last_page":"458"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11498","display_name":"Security in Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11498","display_name":"Security in Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11504","display_name":"Advanced Authentication Protocols Security","score":0.9894999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8080121874809265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/broadcast-encryption","display_name":"Broadcast encryption","score":0.7083460092544556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collusion","display_name":"Collusion","score":0.5455103516578674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multicast","display_name":"Multicast","score":0.5372229814529419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.536503791809082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.5304408073425293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.529687225818634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.5032114386558533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.46529802680015564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/group-key","display_name":"Group key","score":0.45985063910484314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/symmetric-key-algorithm","display_name":"Symmetric-key algorithm","score":0.4569466710090637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secure-multicast","display_name":"Secure multicast","score":0.456605464220047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.38333559036254883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.38214999437332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.35828644037246704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-key-cryptography","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","score":0.3059641718864441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-specific-multicast","display_name":"Source-specific multicast","score":0.16695812344551086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.1450870931148529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pragmatic-general-multicast","display_name":"Pragmatic General Multicast","score":0.09956729412078857}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8080121874809265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778281673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4972106","display_name":"Broadcast encryption","level":4,"score":0.7083460092544556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781198186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q701521","display_name":"Collusion","level":2,"score":0.5455103516578674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32295351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899288","display_name":"Multicast","level":2,"score":0.5372229814529419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.536503791809082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.5304408073425293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.529687225818634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.5032114386558533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.46529802680015564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777513581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5611239","display_name":"Group key","level":3,"score":0.45985063910484314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65302260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327675","display_name":"Symmetric-key algorithm","level":4,"score":0.4569466710090637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776147584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2711392","display_name":"Secure multicast","level":5,"score":0.456605464220047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.38333559036254883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.38214999437332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.35828644037246704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.3059641718864441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18787934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7565105","display_name":"Source-specific multicast","level":3,"score":0.16695812344551086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.1450870931148529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112037812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2107523","display_name":"Pragmatic General Multicast","level":4,"score":0.09956729412078857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tse.2003.1199073","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2003.1199073","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8351582","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","issn_l":"0098-5589","issn":["0098-5589","1939-3520","2326-3881"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdsoar.org:11603/12820","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11603/12820","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402556","display_name":"Maryland Shared Open Access Repository (USMAI Consortium)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"doi:10.13016/m2sfti-7zee","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.13016/m2sfti-7zee","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402644","display_name":"Digital Repository at the University of Maryland (University of Maryland College Park)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","host_organization_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.13016/m2sfti-7zee","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.13016/m2sfti-7zee","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402644","display_name":"Digital Repository at the University of Maryland (University of Maryland College Park)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","host_organization_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6399999856948853,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":66,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W14184701","https://openalex.org/W25261110","https://openalex.org/W48121275","https://openalex.org/W142040320","https://openalex.org/W1485189405","https://openalex.org/W1509966097","https://openalex.org/W1514361308","https://openalex.org/W1521979823","https://openalex.org/W1531357108","https://openalex.org/W1542059364","https://openalex.org/W1569537154","https://openalex.org/W1600192790","https://openalex.org/W1649377807","https://openalex.org/W1660562555","https://openalex.org/W1733324781","https://openalex.org/W1798695550","https://openalex.org/W1949661937","https://openalex.org/W2019267322","https://openalex.org/W2037515303","https://openalex.org/W2049088527","https://openalex.org/W2054251041","https://openalex.org/W2060412146","https://openalex.org/W2064967060","https://openalex.org/W2071470557","https://openalex.org/W2072460270","https://openalex.org/W2102881640","https://openalex.org/W2103979020","https://openalex.org/W2107487011","https://openalex.org/W2111799375","https://openalex.org/W2118357205","https://openalex.org/W2124543611","https://openalex.org/W2131123432","https://openalex.org/W2135750114","https://openalex.org/W2140471436","https://openalex.org/W2143545186","https://openalex.org/W2146500252","https://openalex.org/W2148516995","https://openalex.org/W2165482045","https://openalex.org/W2168571148","https://openalex.org/W2169383992","https://openalex.org/W2226303357","https://openalex.org/W2245898328","https://openalex.org/W2295616646","https://openalex.org/W2484343981","https://openalex.org/W2911546054","https://openalex.org/W2914756988","https://openalex.org/W2916086000","https://openalex.org/W2990889275","https://openalex.org/W3145042860","https://openalex.org/W3161936906","https://openalex.org/W3213974350","https://openalex.org/W4230677855","https://openalex.org/W4255894042","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6600560949","https://openalex.org/W6601021267","https://openalex.org/W6602000011","https://openalex.org/W6630673747","https://openalex.org/W6631520754","https://openalex.org/W6632410262","https://openalex.org/W6634303329","https://openalex.org/W6666953248","https://openalex.org/W6684389309","https://openalex.org/W6689063099","https://openalex.org/W6721411451","https://openalex.org/W6997262773"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2519602820","https://openalex.org/W2188441851","https://openalex.org/W3030337379","https://openalex.org/W2134350233","https://openalex.org/W2294872034","https://openalex.org/W1604247182","https://openalex.org/W2606496862","https://openalex.org/W2063100995","https://openalex.org/W3211914011","https://openalex.org/W2765998650"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"present,":[1],"implement,":[2],"and":[3,98,142,153,170,235,238],"analyze":[4],"a":[5,27,69,197,214],"new":[6,92,215],"scalable":[7,216],"centralized":[8],"algorithm,":[9],"called":[10],"OFT,":[11],"for":[12,218,223],"establishing":[13,219],"shared":[14],"cryptographic":[15],"keys":[16,78,86,222],"in":[17,64,107,126,182],"large,":[18],"dynamically":[19],"changing":[20],"groups.":[21],"Our":[22,137],"algorithm":[23,50,138,174,212],"is":[24,71,118],"based":[25],"on":[26,131,196],"novel":[28],"application":[29],"of":[30,44,55,77,85,102,110,178],"one-way":[31],"function":[32],"trees.":[33],"In":[34,168],"comparison":[35],"with":[36,161,205],"the":[37,53,83,89,99,108,114,119,176,192],"top-down":[38],"logical":[39],"key":[40],"hierarchy":[41],"(LKH)":[42],"method":[43,217],"Wallner":[45],"et":[46],"al.,":[47],"our":[48,173,200],"bottom-up":[49],"approximately":[51],"halves":[52],"number":[54,76,84,109],"bits":[56],"that":[57,183],"need":[58],"to":[59,62,66,88,121,188,191,207],"be":[60,186],"broadcast":[61,87,127,229],"members":[63,93,148,155,184],"order":[65],"rekey":[67],"after":[68],"member":[70,180],"added":[72,95],"or":[73,96],"evicted.":[74],"The":[75],"stored":[79],"by":[80,163],"group":[81,90,103,111,147,193,220],"members,":[82,104],"when":[91],"are":[94,105],"evicted,":[97],"computational":[100],"efforts":[101],"logarithmic":[106],"members.":[112,167,210],"Among":[113],"hierarchical":[115],"methods,":[116],"OFT":[117],"first":[120],"achieve":[122],"an":[123,129],"approximate":[124],"halving":[125],"length,":[128],"idea":[130],"which":[132],"subsequent":[133],"algorithms":[134],"have":[135],"built.":[136],"provides":[139],"complete":[140],"forward":[141],"backward":[143],"security:":[144],"Newly":[145],"admitted":[146],"cannot":[149,156],"read":[150,157],"previous":[151],"messages,":[152,159],"evicted":[154,166],"future":[158],"even":[160],"collusion":[162],"arbitrarily":[164],"many":[165],"addition,":[169],"unlike":[171],"LKH,":[172],"has":[175,202],"option":[177],"being":[179],"contributory":[181],"can":[185],"allowed":[187],"contribute":[189],"entropy":[190],"key.":[194],"Running":[195],"Pentium":[198],"II,":[199],"prototype":[201],"handled":[203],"groups":[204],"up":[206],"10":[208],"million":[209],"This":[211],"offers":[213],"session":[221],"secure":[224],"large-group":[225],"applications":[226],"such":[227],"as":[228],"encryption,":[230],"electronic":[231],"conferences,":[232],"multicast":[233],"sessions,":[234],"military":[236],"command":[237],"control.":[239]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":38},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":47}],"updated_date":"2026-05-24T08:33:08.758527","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}