{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2137390126","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2003.1191799","title":"Transformation-based diagnosis of student programs for programming tutoring systems","display_name":"Transformation-based diagnosis of student programs for programming tutoring systems","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2137390126","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2003.1191799","mag":"2137390126"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tse.2003.1191799","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2003.1191799","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8351582","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","issn_l":"0098-5589","issn":["0098-5589","1939-3520","2326-3881"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043153205","display_name":"Songwen Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Songwen Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peoplesoft, Inc., Santa Clara, CA, USA","Peoplesoft Inc., Santa Clara, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peoplesoft, Inc., Santa Clara, CA, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peoplesoft Inc., Santa Clara, CA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072590718","display_name":"Yam San Chee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yam San Chee","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, National University of Singapore, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043153205"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1162,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":68,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7962128,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"4","first_page":"360","last_page":"384"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8614075183868408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.6298875212669373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standardization","display_name":"Standardization","score":0.6025453805923462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/safer","display_name":"SAFER","score":0.5574166774749756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.5406174063682556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.46579110622406006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/program-analysis","display_name":"Program analysis","score":0.4456444978713989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/program-transformation","display_name":"Program transformation","score":0.42073720693588257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inductive-programming","display_name":"Inductive programming","score":0.4167250394821167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.32764333486557007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-paradigm","display_name":"Programming paradigm","score":0.2987940311431885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.09417545795440674}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8614075183868408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6298875212669373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188087704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369577","display_name":"Standardization","level":2,"score":0.6025453805923462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776654903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2601463","display_name":"SAFER","level":2,"score":0.5574166774749756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.5406174063682556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.46579110622406006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98183937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2112188","display_name":"Program analysis","level":2,"score":0.4456444978713989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778361913","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7248437","display_name":"Program transformation","level":2,"score":0.42073720693588257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50033165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15712089","display_name":"Inductive programming","level":3,"score":0.4167250394821167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.32764333486557007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34165917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188267","display_name":"Programming paradigm","level":2,"score":0.2987940311431885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.09417545795440674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tse.2003.1191799","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2003.1191799","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8351582","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","issn_l":"0098-5589","issn":["0098-5589","1939-3520","2326-3881"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarbank.nus.edu.sg:10635/38970","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/38970","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052290","display_name":"National University of Singapore","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Scopus","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.104.6434","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.104.6434","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://yamsanchee.myplace.nie.edu.sg/Publications/1999/IEEETSE1999XuChee.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6600000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W311933394","https://openalex.org/W576462044","https://openalex.org/W1514468887","https://openalex.org/W1589728694","https://openalex.org/W1612240516","https://openalex.org/W1641983456","https://openalex.org/W1770006921","https://openalex.org/W1973828066","https://openalex.org/W1975688599","https://openalex.org/W1984739480","https://openalex.org/W1988185893","https://openalex.org/W2001239988","https://openalex.org/W2002089154","https://openalex.org/W2007798926","https://openalex.org/W2023427265","https://openalex.org/W2033750216","https://openalex.org/W2035392114","https://openalex.org/W2056458682","https://openalex.org/W2077265102","https://openalex.org/W2109452325","https://openalex.org/W2111326547","https://openalex.org/W2113371678","https://openalex.org/W2114067856","https://openalex.org/W2144344516","https://openalex.org/W2156619646","https://openalex.org/W2406337617","https://openalex.org/W2612360245","https://openalex.org/W2747632778","https://openalex.org/W3000604864","https://openalex.org/W3151756653","https://openalex.org/W4302339081","https://openalex.org/W6616591830","https://openalex.org/W6713804394"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2888997865","https://openalex.org/W2525463489","https://openalex.org/W2112914024","https://openalex.org/W4205784628","https://openalex.org/W2970480852","https://openalex.org/W1483759049","https://openalex.org/W1970625600","https://openalex.org/W1993524544","https://openalex.org/W2374474610","https://openalex.org/W2066597891"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"robust":[1],"technology":[2,17],"that":[3,153],"automates":[4],"the":[5,37,46,54,58,76,90,119,127,154,157,172,202,224],"diagnosis":[6,91,111,168,203],"of":[7,60,78,92,112,169,193,204,209,226],"students'":[8,93],"programs":[9,24,94,114,144,198],"is":[10,35,115,176,187],"essential":[11],"for":[12,95,145,201,221],"programming":[13,79,96,148,184],"tutoring":[14,80,97],"systems.":[15,81,98],"Such":[16],"should":[18,39],"be":[19,40,219],"able":[20,41],"to":[21,42,57,88,162,166,190],"determine":[22],"whether":[23],"coded":[25],"by":[26,117],"a":[27,32,85,123],"student":[28,113,120,143,170,183,205],"are":[29,105,132,199],"correct.":[30],"If":[31],"student's":[33],"program":[34,47,108,121,125,210,213,227],"incorrect,":[36],"system":[38,65],"pinpoint":[43],"errors":[44],"in":[45,107,181,194,223],"as":[48,50],"well":[49],"explain":[51],"and":[52,71,102,138,179,212,229],"correct":[53],"errors.":[55,185],"Due":[56],"difficulty":[59],"this":[61,67,72],"problem,":[62],"no":[63],"existing":[64,164],"performs":[66],"task":[68],"entirely":[69],"satisfactorily,":[70],"problem":[73],"still":[74],"hampers":[75],"development":[77],"This":[82],"paper":[83],"describes":[84],"transformation-based":[86],"approach":[87,135,173],"automate":[89],"Improved":[99],"control-flow":[100],"analysis":[101,104],"data-flow":[103],"used":[106],"analysis.":[109],"Automatic":[110],"achieved":[116],"comparing":[118],"with":[122],"specimen":[124,197],"at":[126],"semantic":[128],"level":[129],"after":[130],"both":[131],"standardized.":[133],"The":[134,207],"was":[136],"implemented":[137],"tested":[139],"on":[140],"525":[141],"real":[142],"nine":[146],"different":[147],"tasks.":[149],"Test":[150],"results":[151],"show":[152],"method":[155],"satisfies":[156],"requirements":[158],"stated":[159],"above.":[160],"Compared":[161],"other":[163],"approaches":[165],"automatic":[167],"programs,":[171],"developed":[174,215],"here":[175,216],"more":[177],"rigorous":[178],"safer":[180],"identifying":[182],"It":[186],"also":[188,218],"simpler":[189],"make":[191],"use":[192],"practice.":[195],"Only":[196],"needed":[200],"programs.":[206],"techniques":[208],"standardization":[211],"comparison":[214],"may":[217],"useful":[220],"research":[222],"fields":[225],"understanding":[228],"software":[230],"maintenance.":[231]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}