{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7125958077","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsc.2026.3658306","title":"Transfer Reinforcement Learning for Resource Allocation in Mobile Edge Computing Systems: A Survey","display_name":"Transfer Reinforcement Learning for Resource Allocation in Mobile Edge Computing Systems: A Survey","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7125958077","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsc.2026.3658306"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsc.2026.3658306","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsc.2026.3658306","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S204223317","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Services Computing","issn_l":"1939-1374","issn":["1939-1374","2372-0204"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Services Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003902529","display_name":"Chenhao Ni","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168879160","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05mx0wr29","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123185","display_name":"Zhejiang Lab","ror":"https://ror.org/02m2h7991","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123185"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55712492","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02djqfd08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenhao Ni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Visual Information Intelligent Processing, College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3528-968X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Visual Information Intelligent Processing, College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55712492","https://openalex.org/I4210123185","https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124142123","display_name":"Xiangjie Kong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168879160","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05mx0wr29","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123185","display_name":"Zhejiang Lab","ror":"https://ror.org/02m2h7991","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123185"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55712492","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02djqfd08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangjie Kong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Visual Information Intelligent Processing, College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2698-3319","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Visual Information Intelligent Processing, College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55712492","https://openalex.org/I4210123185","https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100584342","display_name":"Jiaxin Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1776-9628"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168879160","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05mx0wr29","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123185","display_name":"Zhejiang Lab","ror":"https://ror.org/02m2h7991","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123185"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55712492","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02djqfd08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaxin Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Visual Information Intelligent Processing, College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1776-9628","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Visual Information Intelligent Processing, College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55712492","https://openalex.org/I4210123185","https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124118179","display_name":"Guojiang Shen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168879160","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05mx0wr29","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123185","display_name":"Zhejiang Lab","ror":"https://ror.org/02m2h7991","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123185"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55712492","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02djqfd08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guojiang Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Visual Information Intelligent Processing, College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1064-1250","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Visual Information Intelligent Processing, College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55712492","https://openalex.org/I4210123185","https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116585508","display_name":"Wail Al-Asad","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168879160","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05mx0wr29","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123185","display_name":"Zhejiang Lab","ror":"https://ror.org/02m2h7991","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123185"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55712492","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02djqfd08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wail Al-Asad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Visual Information Intelligent Processing, College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0681-5393","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Visual Information Intelligent Processing, College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55712492","https://openalex.org/I4210123185","https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124096164","display_name":"Geyong Min","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23923803","display_name":"University of Exeter","ror":"https://ror.org/03yghzc09","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Geyong Min","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1395-7314","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.10041726,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"2","first_page":"1708","last_page":"1727"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9223999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9223999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13553","display_name":"Age of Information Optimization","score":0.01679999940097332,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":0.009200000204145908,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.8478000164031982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-of-learning","display_name":"Transfer of learning","score":0.546999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.5134999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-edge-computing","display_name":"Mobile edge computing","score":0.5090000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.5027999877929688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-allocation","display_name":"Resource allocation","score":0.4839000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.47540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.4300999939441681}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.8478000164031982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8223999738693237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5985000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150899416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820378","display_name":"Transfer of learning","level":2,"score":0.546999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.5134999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776061582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25325231","display_name":"Mobile edge computing","level":3,"score":0.5090000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.5027999877929688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29202148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287260","display_name":"Resource allocation","level":2,"score":0.4839000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.47540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.4300999939441681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.41449999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.4099999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138236772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098575","display_name":"Edge device","level":3,"score":0.4027999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.3874000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780609101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156588","display_name":"Resource management (computing)","level":2,"score":0.3822999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.3799000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.3409999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778712577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505966","display_name":"Retraining","level":2,"score":0.33480000495910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175154964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380077","display_name":"Task analysis","level":3,"score":0.32499998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.29010000824928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157170001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4781507","display_name":"Applications of artificial intelligence","level":2,"score":0.27799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.2662000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2653000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144543869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2738570","display_name":"Mobile computing","level":2,"score":0.26499998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.25360000133514404}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsc.2026.3658306","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsc.2026.3658306","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S204223317","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Services Computing","issn_l":"1939-1374","issn":["1939-1374","2372-0204"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Services Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5544895529747009,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Edge":[0],"intelligence":[1],"capitalizes":[2],"on":[3,15,176],"heterogeneous":[4],"edge":[5,21],"resources":[6],"to":[7,43,51,129,146],"empower":[8],"artificial":[9],"intelligence\u2013driven":[10],"applications":[11,148,180],"while":[12],"mitigating":[13],"dependence":[14],"centralized":[16],"cloud":[17],"infrastructures.":[18],"In":[19],"mobile":[20],"computing":[22],"(MEC)":[23],"systems,":[24],"resource":[25,73],"scheduling":[26],"constitutes":[27],"a":[28,114],"latency-critical":[29],"task":[30,83],"within":[31],"inherently":[32],"dynamic":[33],"environments.":[34],"Deep":[35],"reinforcement":[36,108],"learning":[37,109],"(DRL)":[38],"has":[39,111],"been":[40],"widely":[41],"employed":[42],"address":[44],"this":[45,139],"challenge,":[46],"as":[47,77,113],"it":[48],"enables":[49],"agents":[50,86],"derive":[52],"task-specific":[53],"policies":[54],"through":[55],"continual":[56],"interactions":[57],"with":[58],"the":[59,68,78,93,119,126,130,134,141,156],"environment.":[60],"Nevertheless,":[61],"MEC":[62,150,182],"environments":[63],"exhibit":[64],"substantial":[65],"heterogeneity,":[66],"and":[67,100,164,171,178,190],"relative":[69],"importance":[70],"of":[71,121,136,159],"various":[72],"types":[74],"may":[75],"fluctuate":[76],"system":[79],"evolves,":[80],"thereby":[81],"altering":[82],"objectives.":[84],"Consequently,":[85],"often":[87],"necessitate":[88],"retraining":[89],"across":[90],"new":[91],"domains,":[92],"process":[94],"that":[95,117],"is":[96,140],"computation":[97],"ally":[98],"intensive":[99],"time":[101],"inefficient.":[102],"To":[103,133],"surmount":[104],"these":[105],"challenges,":[106],"transfer":[107,120],"(TRL)":[110],"emerged":[112],"promising":[115,192],"paradigm":[116],"facilitates":[118],"agents'":[122],"acquired":[123],"knowledge":[124],"from":[125],"source":[127],"domain":[128],"target":[131],"domain.":[132],"best":[135],"our":[137],"knowledge,":[138],"first":[142,154],"comprehensive":[143],"survey":[144],"dedicated":[145],"TRL":[147,177],"in":[149,181],"systems.":[151,183],"Specifically,":[152],"we":[153,168,185],"elucidates":[155],"foundational":[157],"principles":[158],"TRL,":[160],"encompassing":[161],"problem":[162],"formulation":[163],"DRL":[165],"methodologies.":[166],"Subsequently,":[167],"systematically":[169],"reviews":[170],"critically":[172],"analyzes":[173],"existing":[174],"research":[175],"its":[179],"Finally,":[184],"discuss":[186],"persistent":[187],"technical":[188],"limitations":[189],"delineates":[191],"avenues":[193],"for":[194],"future":[195],"exploration.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-01-29T00:00:00"}
