{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4417169466","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsc.2025.3641367","title":"VeriFuzzy: A Dynamic Verifiable Fuzzy Search Service Framework for Encrypted Cloud Data","display_name":"VeriFuzzy: A Dynamic Verifiable Fuzzy Search Service Framework for Encrypted Cloud Data","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4417169466","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsc.2025.3641367"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsc.2025.3641367","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsc.2025.3641367","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S204223317","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Services Computing","issn_l":"1939-1374","issn":["1939-1374","2372-0204"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Services Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100436652","display_name":"Jie Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8476-0215"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8476-0215","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100451509","display_name":"Xiaohong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0752-6764"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0752-6764","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011470396","display_name":"Man Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4080-2886"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17442442","display_name":"State Grid Corporation of China (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05twwhs70","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17442442"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126065","display_name":"Shanghai Electric (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0314qy595","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Man Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Grid Hebei Electric Power Company, Ltd., Xiong&#x2019;an New Area Power Supply Company, Hebei, China","State Grid Hebei Electric Power Co., Ltd. Xiong&#x0027;an New Area Power Supply Company, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4080-2886","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Grid Hebei Electric Power Company, Ltd., Xiong&#x2019;an New Area Power Supply Company, Hebei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17442442","https://openalex.org/I4210126065"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Grid Hebei Electric Power Co., Ltd. Xiong&#x0027;an New Area Power Supply Company, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126065","https://openalex.org/I17442442"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032257261","display_name":"Ruitao Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9080-6865"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66809481","display_name":"Southern Cross University","ror":"https://ror.org/001xkv632","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66809481"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruitao Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Gold Coast, Bilinga, QLD, Australia","Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9080-6865","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Gold Coast, Bilinga, QLD, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66809481"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66809481"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Shanshan Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0853-3194"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shanshan Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0853-3194","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055734272","display_name":"Zh\u00e9 H\u00f3u","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7164-0580"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11701301","display_name":"Griffith University","ror":"https://ror.org/02sc3r913","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11701301"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhe Hou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Technology, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia","School of Information and Communication Technology, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7164-0580","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Technology, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11701301"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Technology, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11701301"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015858067","display_name":"Guangdong Bai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6390-9890"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guangdong Bai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong","Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6390-9890","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.792,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92209789,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"1","first_page":"780","last_page":"793"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.7831000089645386,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.7831000089645386,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11614","display_name":"Cloud Data Security Solutions","score":0.15839999914169312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.007400000002235174,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.7272999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.6582000255584717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/verifiable-secret-sharing","display_name":"Verifiable secret sharing","score":0.6141999959945679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","score":0.5875999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.44279998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.37709999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.35670000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.3490999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-code","display_name":"Binary code","score":0.32910001277923584}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8531000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.7272999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.6582000255584717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85847156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59015987","display_name":"Verifiable secret sharing","level":3,"score":0.6141999959945679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.5875999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4481000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.44279998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.37709999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.37549999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.35670000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.3490999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63435697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864135","display_name":"Binary code","level":3,"score":0.32910001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32610155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1798621","display_name":"Approximate string matching","level":3,"score":0.3212999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.31679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33762810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461671","display_name":"Data integrity","level":2,"score":0.3142000138759613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.311599999666214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.29319998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123201435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456632","display_name":"Information privacy","level":2,"score":0.2919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.2906999886035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.2815000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197115733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1003136","display_name":"Forcing (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.27239999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184842701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370563","display_name":"Cloud computing security","level":3,"score":0.2651999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.26080000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777059624","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q914359","display_name":"Cloud storage","level":3,"score":0.2596000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175133352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1254596","display_name":"Software as a service","level":4,"score":0.25949999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40305131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2616305","display_name":"Obfuscation","level":2,"score":0.25920000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38369872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7445009","display_name":"Security analysis","level":2,"score":0.257099986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.25589999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527821871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228502","display_name":"Access control","level":2,"score":0.2551000118255615}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsc.2025.3641367","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsc.2025.3641367","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S204223317","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Services Computing","issn_l":"1939-1374","issn":["1939-1374","2372-0204"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Services Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1979493600","https://openalex.org/W2093175219","https://openalex.org/W2114296561","https://openalex.org/W2122590785","https://openalex.org/W2146828512","https://openalex.org/W2147929033","https://openalex.org/W2152516507","https://openalex.org/W2162006472","https://openalex.org/W2184702105","https://openalex.org/W2490265015","https://openalex.org/W2558415231","https://openalex.org/W2616721641","https://openalex.org/W2764301848","https://openalex.org/W2885155096","https://openalex.org/W2898077502","https://openalex.org/W2903368601","https://openalex.org/W2914247668","https://openalex.org/W2930871722","https://openalex.org/W2953213487","https://openalex.org/W2955869759","https://openalex.org/W2983840326","https://openalex.org/W3081951349","https://openalex.org/W3094509012","https://openalex.org/W3135041516","https://openalex.org/W4205366980","https://openalex.org/W4205505117","https://openalex.org/W4213052215","https://openalex.org/W4307185477","https://openalex.org/W4313254005","https://openalex.org/W4387095354","https://openalex.org/W4389538156","https://openalex.org/W4402593282","https://openalex.org/W4405521002","https://openalex.org/W4405987849","https://openalex.org/W4406445708","https://openalex.org/W4407025201","https://openalex.org/W4411232004","https://openalex.org/W4411551204","https://openalex.org/W4414596442","https://openalex.org/W4417169466","https://openalex.org/W7081992568"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Enabling":[0],"search":[1],"over":[2,47],"encrypted":[3,48],"cloud":[4,49],"data":[5,10,50],"is":[6],"essential":[7],"for":[8],"privacy-preserving":[9],"outsourcing.":[11],"While":[12],"searchable":[13],"encryption":[14],"has":[15],"evolved":[16],"to":[17,25,56,107,167,179],"support":[18,108],"individual":[19],"requirements":[20],"like":[21],"fuzzy":[22,102],"matching":[23],"(tolerance":[24],"typos":[26],"and":[27,34,70,128,162,172],"variants":[28],"in":[29],"query":[30],"keywords),":[31],"dynamic":[32],"updates,":[33],"result":[35,123],"verification,":[36,161],"designing":[37],"a":[38,52,82,115,129],"service":[39,85],"that":[40,87,100,121,136],"supports":[41],"Dynamic":[42],"Verifiable":[43],"Fuzzy":[44],"Search":[45],"(DVFS)":[46],"remains":[51],"fundamental":[53],"challenge":[54],"due":[55],"inherent":[57],"conflicts":[58],"between":[59],"underlying":[60],"technologies.":[61],"Existing":[62],"approaches":[63],"struggle":[64],"with":[65,125],"simultaneously":[66],"achieving":[67],"efficiency,":[68],"functionality,":[69],"security,":[71],"often":[72],"forcing":[73],"impractical":[74],"trade-offs.":[75],"This":[76],"paper":[77],"presents":[78],"<bold":[79],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[80,94,110,117,131,156],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">VeriFuzzy</b>,":[81],"novel":[83],"DVFS":[84,182],"framework":[86],"cohesively":[88],"integrates":[89],"three":[90],"innovations:":[91],"an":[92],"<italic":[93,116,130],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Enhanced":[95],"Virtual":[96],"Binary":[97],"Tree":[98],"(EVBTree)</i>":[99],"decouples":[101],"semantics":[103],"from":[104],"index":[105,164],"logic":[106],"<inline-formula":[109,155],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><tex-math":[111,157],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$O(\\log":[112],"n)$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[113],"search/updates;":[114],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">blockchain-reconstructed":[118],"verification</i>":[119],"mechanism":[120],"ensures":[122],"integrity":[124],"logarithmic":[126],"complexity;":[127],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">dual-repository":[132],"state":[133],"management</i>":[134],"scheme":[135],"achieves":[137,151],"IND-CKA2":[138],"security":[139],"by":[140],"neutralizing":[141],"branch":[142],"leakage.":[143],"Extensive":[144],"evaluation":[145],"on":[146],"3,500+":[147],"documents":[148],"shows":[149],"VeriFuzzy":[150],"41%":[152],"faster":[153],"search,":[154],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$5\\times$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[158],"more":[159],"efficient":[160],"constant-time":[163],"updates":[165],"compared":[166],"state-of-the-art":[168],"alternatives.":[169],"Our":[170],"code":[171],"dataset":[173],"are":[174],"now":[175],"open":[176],"source,":[177],"hoping":[178],"inspire":[180],"future":[181],"research.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-02-09T05:59:30.833894","created_date":"2025-12-09T00:00:00"}