{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414871580","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsc.2025.3617091","title":"Flexible Shadow: Resource-Efficient Reliability Enhancement for Edge Services Through Dynamic Shadow Coordination","display_name":"Flexible Shadow: Resource-Efficient Reliability Enhancement for Edge Services Through Dynamic Shadow Coordination","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414871580","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsc.2025.3617091"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsc.2025.3617091","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsc.2025.3617091","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S204223317","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Services Computing","issn_l":"1939-1374","issn":["1939-1374","2372-0204"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Services Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102976531","display_name":"Lipei Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5760-1670"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lipei Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5760-1670","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016717153","display_name":"Ao Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5743-9418"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ao Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5743-9418","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027148228","display_name":"Xiao Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5742-8890"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5742-8890","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074291400","display_name":"Yiran Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3555-0155"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiran Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3555-0155","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100404059","display_name":"Qing Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1772-9194"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qing Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1772-9194","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087562099","display_name":"Yuanzhe Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0594-2745"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanzhe Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0594-2745","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054814598","display_name":"Shangguang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7245-1298"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shangguang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7245-1298","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.28988107,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"6","first_page":"3794","last_page":"3809"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9779000282287598,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9779000282287598,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9696999788284302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10679","display_name":"Service-Oriented Architecture and Web Services","score":0.9692999720573425,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backup","display_name":"Backup","score":0.8224999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.6305999755859375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-reconfiguration","display_name":"Control reconfiguration","score":0.6269000172615051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.5526999831199646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.5489000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.5358999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.49619999527931213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.43220001459121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation-offloading","display_name":"Computation offloading","score":0.42739999294281006}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8478000164031982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780945871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194274","display_name":"Backup","level":2,"score":0.8224999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.6305999755859375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119701452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165881","display_name":"Control reconfiguration","level":2,"score":0.6269000172615051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.6140999794006348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.5526999831199646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.5489000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.5358999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.49619999527931213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.43220001459121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781041963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18348618","display_name":"Computation offloading","level":4,"score":0.42739999294281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4174000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117797892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q286363","display_name":"Shadow (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.41449999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.41370001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.4104999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29202148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287260","display_name":"Resource allocation","level":2,"score":0.40549999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.3856000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138236772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098575","display_name":"Edge device","level":3,"score":0.3781000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3691999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.36010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.34549999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780609101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156588","display_name":"Resource management (computing)","level":2,"score":0.3255999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3018999993801117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67069471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140205","display_name":"IT service continuity","level":2,"score":0.2971000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.26840001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.2565000057220459}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsc.2025.3617091","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsc.2025.3617091","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S204223317","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Services Computing","issn_l":"1939-1374","issn":["1939-1374","2372-0204"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Services Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4778515295","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U21B2016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7098564324","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62572067","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7195995380","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62372061","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7483642958","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62032003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8882584335","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024ZCJH11","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2063924830","https://openalex.org/W2114504293","https://openalex.org/W2126630639","https://openalex.org/W2136055843","https://openalex.org/W2331854905","https://openalex.org/W2344311715","https://openalex.org/W2513796261","https://openalex.org/W2571820657","https://openalex.org/W2586848540","https://openalex.org/W2625322510","https://openalex.org/W2756470653","https://openalex.org/W2808083451","https://openalex.org/W2918314918","https://openalex.org/W2925292215","https://openalex.org/W2958327019","https://openalex.org/W2962215461","https://openalex.org/W2971990773","https://openalex.org/W2978176973","https://openalex.org/W2990322914","https://openalex.org/W2994053796","https://openalex.org/W2998507157","https://openalex.org/W3011743120","https://openalex.org/W3011884107","https://openalex.org/W3014977630","https://openalex.org/W3093645230","https://openalex.org/W3095104172","https://openalex.org/W3132672094","https://openalex.org/W4205373754","https://openalex.org/W4214732820","https://openalex.org/W4312904354","https://openalex.org/W4321195633","https://openalex.org/W4372267675","https://openalex.org/W4381621987","https://openalex.org/W4385627276","https://openalex.org/W4388208125","https://openalex.org/W4392151696","https://openalex.org/W4400933749","https://openalex.org/W4401539206","https://openalex.org/W4403421733","https://openalex.org/W4403422617","https://openalex.org/W4405303946"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Edge":[0],"computing":[1,207],"plays":[2],"a":[3,76,92,124,149,167,181,191],"pivotal":[4],"role":[5],"in":[6,13,30,206],"supporting":[7],"services":[8,156],"necessitating":[9],"sub-second":[10,216],"latency,":[11],"notably":[12],"domains":[14],"like":[15],"Industry":[16],"4.0":[17],"and":[18,34,44,52,121,180],"autonomous":[19],"driving.":[20],"However,":[21],"unpredictable":[22],"failure":[23],"occurring":[24],"at":[25],"edge":[26,59,83,155],"servers":[27],"can":[28],"result":[29],"prolonged":[31],"response":[32],"time":[33],"decreased":[35],"service":[36,69],"reliability,":[37],"posing":[38],"significant":[39],"risks":[40],"to":[41,64,102,113,117,131,211],"both":[42],"safety":[43],"property.":[45],"Traditional":[46],"reliability":[47,151],"mechanisms,":[48],"namely":[49],"task":[50,53],"re-execution":[51],"replication,":[54],"are":[55],"often":[56],"inadequate":[57],"for":[58,154,170,176,184],"environments.":[60],"The":[61],"former":[62],"struggles":[63],"meet":[65],"the":[66,73,98,104,137,144,195,198],"stringent":[67],"end-to-end":[68],"latency":[70],"requirements,":[71],"while":[72,214],"latter":[74],"imposes":[75],"high":[77],"resource":[78,171,208],"consumption":[79,209],"burden":[80],"on":[81,190],"resource-limited":[82],"clouds.":[84],"To":[85,135],"address":[86],"this":[87,89,140],"issue,":[88],"paper":[90],"introduces":[91],"novel":[93],"Flexible":[94,105,145,199],"Shadow":[95,146,200],"mechanism,":[96,141,201],"where":[97],"backup":[99],"instance,":[100],"referred":[101],"as":[103],"Shadow,":[106],"is":[107],"allocated":[108],"fewer":[109],"computation":[110,119],"resources":[111,127],"compared":[112,210],"its":[114],"primary":[115],"instance":[116],"conserve":[118],"resources,":[120],"temporally":[122],"preempts":[123],"portion":[125],"of":[126,139,197],"from":[128],"neighboring":[129],"shadows":[130],"accelerate":[132],"when":[133],"necessary.":[134],"support":[136],"implementation":[138],"we":[142],"propose":[143],"Backup":[147],"Framework,":[148],"resource-efficient":[150],"enhancement":[152],"framework":[153,162],"through":[157],"dynamic":[158],"shadow":[159],"coordination.":[160],"This":[161],"integrates":[163],"three":[164],"key":[165],"components:":[166],"deployment":[168],"algorithm":[169,175,183],"allocation,":[172],"an":[173],"adjustment":[174],"migration":[177],"cost-latency":[178],"tradeoffs,":[179],"reconfiguration":[182],"adaptation":[185],"optimization.":[186],"Comprehensive":[187],"experiments":[188],"conducted":[189],"Docker-based":[192],"prototype":[193],"demonstrate":[194],"effectiveness":[196],"achieving":[202],"nearly":[203],"60%":[204],"reduction":[205],"traditional":[212],"approaches":[213],"maintaining":[215],"latency.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-12-12T23:16:27.785689","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}