{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409685320","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsc.2025.3562325","title":"Electricity Cost Minimization for Multi-Workflow Allocation in Geo-Distributed Data Centers","display_name":"Electricity Cost Minimization for Multi-Workflow Allocation in Geo-Distributed Data Centers","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409685320","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsc.2025.3562325"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsc.2025.3562325","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsc.2025.3562325","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S204223317","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Services Computing","issn_l":"1939-1374","issn":["1939-1374","2372-0204"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Services Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2504.20105","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100375612","display_name":"Shuang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3405-5942"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3405-5942","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"He Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2959-4714"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"He Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2959-4714","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059512471","display_name":"Tianxing Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4669-3570"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianxing Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4669-3570","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113341050","display_name":"Yueyou Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yueyou Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070697660","display_name":"Wei Emma Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0406-5974"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5681781","display_name":"The University of Adelaide","ror":"https://ror.org/00892tw58","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Emma Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Australian Institute for Machine Learning, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0406-5974","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Australian Institute for Machine Learning, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080744092","display_name":"Quan Z. Sheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3326-4147"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99043593","display_name":"Macquarie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01sf06y89","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Quan Z. Sheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3326-4147","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.6643,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95389387,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"3","first_page":"1397","last_page":"1411"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10715","display_name":"Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9699000120162964,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8035144209861755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workflow","display_name":"Workflow","score":0.6971268653869629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minification","display_name":"Minification","score":0.6475846767425537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity","display_name":"Electricity","score":0.5044559240341187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-database","display_name":"Distributed database","score":0.43418365716934204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-modeling","display_name":"Data modeling","score":0.42099010944366455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4189392626285553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.2989994287490845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.10530498623847961}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8035144209861755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.6971268653869629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147764199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865248","display_name":"Minification","level":2,"score":0.6475846767425537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.5044559240341187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70061542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q989016","display_name":"Distributed database","level":2,"score":0.43418365716934204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.42099010944366455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4189392626285553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.2989994287490845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.10530498623847961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsc.2025.3562325","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsc.2025.3562325","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S204223317","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Services Computing","issn_l":"1939-1374","issn":["1939-1374","2372-0204"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Services Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2504.20105","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2504.20105","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2504.20105","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2504.20105","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2504.20105","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2504.20105","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1948077038","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK20220803","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3333691052","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022YFF0902800","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3407611250","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62376058","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8481436350","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62302095","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1998082182","https://openalex.org/W2096812688","https://openalex.org/W2116194847","https://openalex.org/W2149294210","https://openalex.org/W2243705582","https://openalex.org/W2338665915","https://openalex.org/W2344372063","https://openalex.org/W2513795936","https://openalex.org/W2600393154","https://openalex.org/W2612531697","https://openalex.org/W2736768677","https://openalex.org/W2911633892","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2951360122","https://openalex.org/W2982316857","https://openalex.org/W3000707762","https://openalex.org/W3009473322","https://openalex.org/W3044118070","https://openalex.org/W3128037105","https://openalex.org/W3138456380","https://openalex.org/W3146779374","https://openalex.org/W3170084160","https://openalex.org/W3203147499","https://openalex.org/W3203236248","https://openalex.org/W3212584892","https://openalex.org/W4206459162","https://openalex.org/W4210270361","https://openalex.org/W4210848445","https://openalex.org/W4214712791","https://openalex.org/W4285134448","https://openalex.org/W4313495908","https://openalex.org/W4384938269","https://openalex.org/W4386858689","https://openalex.org/W4390660167","https://openalex.org/W4391407074","https://openalex.org/W4401710270","https://openalex.org/W4403332111","https://openalex.org/W6627932998","https://openalex.org/W6683204974"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1981780420","https://openalex.org/W2182707996","https://openalex.org/W45233828","https://openalex.org/W2964988449","https://openalex.org/W2397952901","https://openalex.org/W2029380707","https://openalex.org/W188202134","https://openalex.org/W4255934811","https://openalex.org/W2153883657","https://openalex.org/W1977025641"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Worldwide,":[0],"Geo-distributed":[1],"Data":[2],"Centers":[3],"(GDCs)":[4],"provide":[5],"computing":[6,75],"and":[7,25,54,89,103,121,134,142,159],"storage":[8],"services":[9],"for":[10,114],"massive":[11],"workflow":[12,38,128,167,182],"applications,":[13],"resulting":[14],"in":[15,42,71,77,86],"high":[16],"electricity":[17,30,55,81],"costs":[18,31],"that":[19,188],"vary":[20],"depending":[21],"on":[22],"geographical":[23,87],"locations":[24,88],"time.":[26,207],"How":[27],"to":[28,148],"reduce":[29],"while":[32,202],"satisfying":[33],"the":[34,48,58,80,150,169,175],"deadline":[35,130],"constraints":[36],"of":[37,51,61,116,166,181,199],"applications":[39],"is":[40,45,83],"important":[41],"GDCs,":[43],"which":[44],"determined":[46],"by":[47],"execution":[49],"time":[50,60],"servers,":[52],"power,":[53],"price.":[56],"Determining":[57],"completion":[59],"workflows":[62],"with":[63,73,118,174],"different":[64,85],"server":[65],"frequencies":[66],"can":[67],"be":[68],"challenging,":[69],"especially":[70],"scenarios":[72],"heterogeneous":[74],"resources":[76],"GDCs.":[78],"Moreover,":[79],"price":[82],"also":[84],"may":[90],"change":[91],"dynamically.":[92],"To":[93],"address":[94],"these":[95],"challenges,":[96],"we":[97],"develop":[98],"a":[99,143,163],"geo-distributed":[100],"system":[101],"architecture":[102],"propose":[104],"an":[105,197,204],"Electricity":[106],"Cost":[107],"aware":[108],"Multiple":[109],"Workflows":[110],"Scheduling":[111],"algorithm":[112,160,191],"(ECMWS)":[113],"servers":[115],"GDCs":[117],"fixed":[119],"frequency":[120],"power.":[122],"ECMWS":[123],"comprises":[124],"four":[125],"stages,":[126],"namely":[127],"sequencing,":[129,133],"partitioning,":[131],"task":[132],"resource":[135],"allocation":[136],"where":[137],"two":[138,179],"graph":[139],"embedding":[140],"models":[141],"policy":[144],"network":[145],"are":[146,172,211],"constructed":[147],"solve":[149],"Markov":[151],"Decision":[152],"Process":[153],"(MDP).":[154],"After":[155],"statistically":[156],"calibrating":[157],"parameters":[158],"components":[161],"over":[162,178,200],"comprehensive":[164],"set":[165],"instances,":[168],"proposed":[170,190],"algorithms":[171],"compared":[173],"state-of-the-art":[176],"methods":[177],"types":[180],"instances.":[183],"The":[184,208],"experimental":[185],"results":[186],"demonstrate":[187],"our":[189],"significantly":[192],"outperforms":[193],"other":[194],"algorithms,":[195],"achieving":[196],"improvement":[198],"15%":[201],"maintaining":[203],"acceptable":[205],"computational":[206],"source":[209],"codes":[210],"available":[212],"athttps://gitee.com/public-artifacts/ecmws-experiments.":[213]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-05T07:39:15.569665","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}