{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401413586","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsc.2024.3440050","title":"Traffic Prediction-Based VNF Auto-Scaling and Deployment Mechanism for Flexible and Elastic Service Provision","display_name":"Traffic Prediction-Based VNF Auto-Scaling and Deployment Mechanism for Flexible and Elastic Service Provision","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-08-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401413586","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsc.2024.3440050"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsc.2024.3440050","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsc.2024.3440050","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S204223317","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Services Computing","issn_l":"1939-1374","issn":["1939-1374","2372-0204"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Services Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087021865","display_name":"Bo Yi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8073-8202"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bo Yi","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018189868","display_name":"Jiacheng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6125-0869"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiacheng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019915847","display_name":"Qiang He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1820-6141"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang He","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100326915","display_name":"Xingwei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2856-4716"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xingwei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007392914","display_name":"Min Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3793-968X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050881965","display_name":"Sajal K. Das","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9471-0868"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20382870","display_name":"Missouri University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00scwqd12","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20382870"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sajal k. Das","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20382870"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087894632","display_name":"Keqin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5224-4048"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327163397","display_name":"State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01q1z8k08","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327163397"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keqin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, State University of New York, New York, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, State University of New York, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327163397"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087021865"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.9362,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97350626,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"5","first_page":"2959","last_page":"2973"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10847","display_name":"Advanced Optical Network Technologies","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10138","display_name":"Network Traffic and Congestion Control","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7842535376548767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.7430509328842163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanism","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","score":0.5820744037628174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4864949584007263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scaling","display_name":"Scaling","score":0.4382646083831787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.41708505153656006}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7842535376548767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.7430509328842163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5820744037628174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4864949584007263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99844830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102441924","display_name":"Scaling","level":2,"score":0.4382646083831787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.41708505153656006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsc.2024.3440050","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsc.2024.3440050","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S204223317","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Services Computing","issn_l":"1939-1374","issn":["1939-1374","2372-0204"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Services Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1671140559","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"92267206","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1873216522","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U22A2004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2018403915","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N2316006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2551476765","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62032013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2080046268","https://openalex.org/W2089194229","https://openalex.org/W2121005023","https://openalex.org/W2762629425","https://openalex.org/W2885281272","https://openalex.org/W2889474327","https://openalex.org/W2890210485","https://openalex.org/W2890559561","https://openalex.org/W2910793275","https://openalex.org/W2912731102","https://openalex.org/W2938328380","https://openalex.org/W2967845549","https://openalex.org/W2973288277","https://openalex.org/W2996216901","https://openalex.org/W3008888208","https://openalex.org/W3010016912","https://openalex.org/W3065783609","https://openalex.org/W3089022684","https://openalex.org/W3093783476","https://openalex.org/W3114441380","https://openalex.org/W3126686235","https://openalex.org/W3134033551","https://openalex.org/W3135269587","https://openalex.org/W3146163444","https://openalex.org/W3154345391","https://openalex.org/W3160099799","https://openalex.org/W3176902034","https://openalex.org/W3187475307","https://openalex.org/W3207153880","https://openalex.org/W4308085965","https://openalex.org/W4309236231","https://openalex.org/W4312396308","https://openalex.org/W4318586145","https://openalex.org/W4365801699","https://openalex.org/W4380986272","https://openalex.org/W4381123848"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2770234245","https://openalex.org/W96612179","https://openalex.org/W4229499248","https://openalex.org/W2566006169","https://openalex.org/W1567818861","https://openalex.org/W2987774938","https://openalex.org/W4256492088","https://openalex.org/W632915154","https://openalex.org/W2055733372","https://openalex.org/W3022067003"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Network":[0,23],"Function":[1],"Virtualization":[2],"(NFV)":[3],"provides":[4],"a":[5,52,62,86,103,131],"flexible":[6],"way":[7],"to":[8,73,114,146,148,162],"provision":[9],"new":[10],"services":[11],"by":[12,171,202,211],"decoupling":[13],"network":[14],"functions":[15],"from":[16],"hardware":[17],"and":[18,65,88,118,143,159,176,206],"implementing":[19],"them":[20],"as":[21],"Virtual":[22],"Functions":[24],"(VNFs).":[25],"However,":[26],"the":[27,34,43,75,116,126,138,165,183,187,198,208],"rapid":[28],"development":[29],"of":[30,36,46,55,155],"technologies":[31],"greatly":[32],"promotes":[33],"explosion":[35],"diverse":[37],"services,":[38],"which":[39,96,137,190],"directly":[40],"results":[41,180],"in":[42,61,123,136],"exponential":[44],"increase":[45],"heterogeneous":[47,56],"traffic.":[48],"In":[49],"addition,":[50],"such":[51],"tremendous":[53],"amount":[54],"traffic":[57,109,121],"will":[58],"generate":[59],"bursts":[60],"more":[63,149,203,212],"dynamic":[64],"unexpected":[66,117],"manner,":[67],"so":[68],"it":[69],"becomes":[70],"extremely":[71],"hard":[72],"satisfy":[74],"customer":[76],"demands.":[77],"Aiming":[78],"at":[79],"addressing":[80],"these":[81],"challenges,":[82],"this":[83],"work":[84],"proposes":[85],"positive":[87],"elastic":[89],"VNF":[90,156,174],"deployment":[91],"mechanism":[92,185],"for":[93],"service":[94,199],"provisioning,":[95],"introduces":[97],"three":[98],"novelties:":[99],"<italic":[100],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[101],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">1)":[102],"Gated":[104],"Recurrent":[105],"Unit":[106],"(GRU)":[107],"based":[108],"prediction":[110,139,195],"model":[111,140],"is":[112,134],"established":[113],"predict":[115],"dynamically":[119,160],"changing":[120],"behaviors":[122],"advance":[124],"with":[125,164,168],"accuracy":[127],"over":[128,193],"98%;":[129],"2)":[130],"closed-loop":[132],"system":[133],"formed,":[135],"can":[141],"learn":[142],"evolve":[144],"continuously":[145],"respond":[147],"complex":[150],"scenarios;":[151],"3)":[152],"different":[153],"states":[154],"are":[157],"introduced":[158],"switched":[161],"deal":[163],"current":[166],"demands":[167],"reduced":[169],"cost":[170,210],"avoiding":[172],"frequent":[173],"initialization":[175],"destroy.</i>":[177],"The":[178],"experimental":[179],"indicate":[181],"that":[182],"proposed":[184],"outperforms":[186],"state-of-the-art":[188],"methods,":[189],"include":[191],"achieving":[192],"98%":[194],"accuracy,":[196],"improving":[197],"acceptance":[200],"rate":[201],"than":[204,213],"18%,":[205],"reducing":[207],"overall":[209],"20%.":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":17}],"updated_date":"2026-04-02T15:55:50.835912","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
