{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4361802972","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsc.2023.3262805","title":"Secure Replication-Based Outsourced Computation Using Smart Contracts","display_name":"Secure Replication-Based Outsourced Computation Using Smart Contracts","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-03-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4361802972","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsc.2023.3262805"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsc.2023.3262805","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsc.2023.3262805","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S204223317","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Services Computing","issn_l":"1939-1374","issn":["1939-1374","2372-0204"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Services Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054741725","display_name":"Willy Susilo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1562-5105"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204824540","display_name":"University of Wollongong","ror":"https://ror.org/00jtmb277","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204824540"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Willy Susilo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Cybersecurity and Cryptology, School of Computing and Information Technology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1562-5105","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Cybersecurity and Cryptology, School of Computing and Information Technology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204824540"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051751395","display_name":"Fuchun Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6939-7710"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204824540","display_name":"University of Wollongong","ror":"https://ror.org/00jtmb277","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204824540"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fuchun Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Cybersecurity and Cryptology, School of Computing and Information Technology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6939-7710","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Cybersecurity and Cryptology, School of Computing and Information Technology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204824540"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057251727","display_name":"Zhen Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2654-624X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132990","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Cryptology","ror":"https://ror.org/02pn5rj08","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132990"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","Henan Key Laboratory of Network Cryptography Technology, Zhengzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2654-624X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Henan Key Laboratory of Network Cryptography Technology, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132990"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061383714","display_name":"Yinhao Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1733-9479"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153230381","display_name":"Charles Sturt University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wfvh315","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153230381"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yinhao Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Mathematics, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, NSW, Australia","Cyber Security Cooperative Research Centre, Joondalup, WA, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1733-9479","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Mathematics, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153230381"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cyber Security Cooperative Research Centre, Joondalup, WA, Australia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052951255","display_name":"Chunpeng Ge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9274-7325"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204824540","display_name":"University of Wollongong","ror":"https://ror.org/00jtmb277","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204824540"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunpeng Ge","raw_affiliation_strings":["Joint SDU-NTU Centre for Artificial Intelligence Research (C-FAIR), the Software School, Shandong University and University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9274-7325","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Joint SDU-NTU Centre for Artificial Intelligence Research (C-FAIR), the Software School, Shandong University and University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204824540"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6316,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86474685,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"5","first_page":"3711","last_page":"3722"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8303506374359131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/replication","display_name":"Replication (statistics)","score":0.6024113297462463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.4902859032154083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secure-multi-party-computation","display_name":"Secure multi-party computation","score":0.46957728266716003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.461281955242157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secure-two-party-computation","display_name":"Secure two-party computation","score":0.45854097604751587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3751212954521179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3543927073478699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.31161853671073914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.1251247525215149}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8303506374359131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12590798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3933199","display_name":"Replication (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.6024113297462463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.4902859032154083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18396474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2465888","display_name":"Secure multi-party computation","level":3,"score":0.46957728266716003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.461281955242157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13652956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7444883","display_name":"Secure two-party computation","level":4,"score":0.45854097604751587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3751212954521179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3543927073478699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.31161853671073914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.1251247525215149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsc.2023.3262805","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsc.2023.3262805","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S204223317","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Services Computing","issn_l":"1939-1374","issn":["1939-1374","2372-0204"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Services Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ro.uow.edu.au:test2021-13693","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSC.2023.3262805","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400510","display_name":"Research Online (University of Wollongong)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I204824540","host_organization_name":"University of Wollongong","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204824540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Scopus Harvesting Series","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.4699999988079071}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1321524008","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZYTS23169","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1378608539","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62032025","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G184289124","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021A1515012650","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","funder_display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2404993877","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U20B2049","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3360831768","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62076125","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3987445500","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BE2020106","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8013576614","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62102299","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W32654648","https://openalex.org/W167928972","https://openalex.org/W1442181477","https://openalex.org/W1502927489","https://openalex.org/W1557386445","https://openalex.org/W1561443225","https://openalex.org/W1581001589","https://openalex.org/W2089607820","https://openalex.org/W2103363198","https://openalex.org/W2116696792","https://openalex.org/W2127125497","https://openalex.org/W2138736975","https://openalex.org/W2142801550","https://openalex.org/W2149581428","https://openalex.org/W2152924492","https://openalex.org/W2156001253","https://openalex.org/W2161214567","https://openalex.org/W2295809852","https://openalex.org/W2344750859","https://openalex.org/W2402869180","https://openalex.org/W2539190473","https://openalex.org/W2601755223","https://openalex.org/W2604844934","https://openalex.org/W2622634204","https://openalex.org/W2655255391","https://openalex.org/W2740607986","https://openalex.org/W2759944294","https://openalex.org/W2769916480","https://openalex.org/W2798053419","https://openalex.org/W2808466639","https://openalex.org/W2888533739","https://openalex.org/W2913667878","https://openalex.org/W2915827760","https://openalex.org/W3022821785","https://openalex.org/W3131710409","https://openalex.org/W3141585064","https://openalex.org/W4285190976","https://openalex.org/W6601342091","https://openalex.org/W6671828919","https://openalex.org/W6682866549","https://openalex.org/W6683799570","https://openalex.org/W6713217963"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2083701517","https://openalex.org/W2069340834","https://openalex.org/W2082804893","https://openalex.org/W2550686250","https://openalex.org/W2382527959","https://openalex.org/W87038205","https://openalex.org/W2539281752","https://openalex.org/W2083288298","https://openalex.org/W2076840701","https://openalex.org/W2607129240"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,147],"replication-Based":[1],"Outsourced":[2],"Computation":[3],"(RBOC)":[4],"mechanism":[5],"allows":[6],"a":[7,34,156,261,264,284,298],"client":[8,84],"to":[9,15,55,66,70,72,87,98,160,180,202,218,259,267,301],"outsource":[10],"the":[11,19,26,31,41,51,80,83,89,92,106,115,120,143,162,167,182,191,204,209,226,235,251,254,269,275,278,312],"same":[12],"computing":[13,110],"job":[14],"multiple":[16],"contractors":[17,21,37,86,113,128,194],"and":[18,61,85,136,173,286,309],"honest":[20],"will":[22,38,141],"get":[23,138],"paid":[24],"in":[25,50,114,119,311],"incentivized":[27],"system":[28,314],"based":[29],"on":[30,91,244],"fact":[32],"that":[33,125,190,240,303],"majority":[35],"of":[36,122,145,184,212,228,238,277],"honestly":[39],"perform":[40],"computation.":[42],"As":[43],"self-executing":[44],"contracts,":[45],"smart":[46,68,77,178,316],"contracts":[47,69,78,179],"are":[48,118,169],"utilized":[49],"decentralized":[52,116],"blockchain":[53,117],"networks":[54],"execute":[56],"coded":[57],"programs":[58],"automatically":[59],"transparently,":[60],"publicly.":[62],"It":[63],"is":[64,96,155,307],"natural":[65],"apply":[67],"RBOC":[71,313],"improve":[73],"performance":[74,299],"by":[75,171,199],"setting":[76],"as":[79,133],"converter":[81],"between":[82,272],"reduce":[88],"load":[90],"client.":[93],"However,":[94],"it":[95],"infeasible":[97],"directly":[99],"combine":[100],"these":[101],"two":[102],"blocks":[103],"together":[104],"because":[105],"data":[107],"including":[108],"returned":[109],"results":[111,132,168,211],"from":[112],"form":[121],"plaintexts":[123],"such":[124],"some":[126],"lazy":[127,164,193,222,231,255],"could":[129],"copy":[130],"others\u2019":[131],"their":[134],"own":[135],"still":[137,196],"paid,":[139],"which":[140],"compromise":[142,197],"security":[144,198,220,252,293],"RBOC.":[146],"existing":[148],"public-key":[149],"encryption":[150],"with":[151,208,291],"equality":[152,183,205,242,270],"test":[153,206,243,271],"(PKEET)":[154],"promising":[157],"candidate":[158],"solution":[159],"stop":[161],"above":[163],"contractors,":[165,223],"where":[166],"encrypted":[170,210],"PKEET":[172,229,239],"then":[174],"transferred":[175],"without":[176,246,274],"hindering":[177],"compare":[181],"underlying":[185,279],"results.":[186],"Unfortunately,":[187],"we":[188,224,296],"found":[189],"advanced":[192],"can":[195],"forging":[200],"ciphertexts":[201,245],"pass":[203,268],"only":[207],"other":[213],"contractors.":[214],"In":[215],"this":[216],"paper,":[217],"achieve":[219],"against":[221,230,253],"introduce":[225],"notion":[227],"encryptors":[232,256],"(PKEET-LE).":[233],"Besides":[234],"fundamental":[236],"property":[237],"performs":[241],"decryption,":[247],"PKEET-LE":[248,288,305],"additionally":[249],"realizes":[250],"who":[257],"aim":[258],"forge":[260],"ciphertext":[262],"for":[263],"given":[265],"one":[266],"them":[273],"knowledge":[276],"plaintext.":[280],"We":[281],"further":[282],"propose":[283],"concrete":[285],"practical":[287,310],"construction":[289],"along":[290],"formal":[292],"proof.":[294],"Finally,":[295],"conduct":[297],"evaluation":[300],"demonstrate":[302],"our":[304],"scheme":[306],"efficient":[308],"using":[315],"contracts.":[317]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}