{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3120896639","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsc.2021.3050717","title":"Energy and Cost Efficient Resource Allocation for Blockchain-Enabled NFV","display_name":"Energy and Cost Efficient Resource Allocation for Blockchain-Enabled NFV","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3120896639","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsc.2021.3050717","mag":"3120896639"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsc.2021.3050717","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsc.2021.3050717","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S204223317","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Services Computing","issn_l":"1939-1374","issn":["1939-1374","2372-0204"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Services Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2103.02139","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000626072","display_name":"Shiva Kazemi Taskou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4154-9855"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158248296","display_name":"Amirkabir University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gzbav43","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158248296"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiva Kazemi Taskou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4154-9855","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158248296"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028985499","display_name":"Mehdi Rasti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2081-0102"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158248296","display_name":"Amirkabir University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gzbav43","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158248296"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63548447","display_name":"Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0208vgz68","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63548447"]}],"countries":["FI","IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mehdi Rasti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran","Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology, Lappeenranta, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2081-0102","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158248296"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology, Lappeenranta, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63548447"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058989730","display_name":"Pedro H. J. Nardelli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7398-1802"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63548447","display_name":"Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0208vgz68","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63548447"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pedro H. J. Nardelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology, Lappeenranta, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7398-1802","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology, Lappeenranta, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63548447"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.9691,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93902742,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"4","first_page":"2328","last_page":"2341"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.9775506258010864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4403228461742401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-allocation","display_name":"Resource allocation","score":0.4150931239128113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.3975936770439148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-economics","display_name":"Environmental economics","score":0.35975968837738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.1571190059185028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.15353021025657654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.11783891916275024}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.9775506258010864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4403228461742401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29202148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287260","display_name":"Resource allocation","level":2,"score":0.4150931239128113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3975936770439148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.35975968837738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.1571190059185028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.15353021025657654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.11783891916275024}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsc.2021.3050717","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsc.2021.3050717","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S204223317","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Services Computing","issn_l":"1939-1374","issn":["1939-1374","2372-0204"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Services Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2103.02139","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2103.02139","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2103.02139","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2103.02139","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2103.02139","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2103.02139","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G670329519","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ee-IoT project n.319009","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","funder_display_name":"Academy of Finland"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","display_name":"Academy of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/05k73zm37"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1582366873","https://openalex.org/W1977545325","https://openalex.org/W1994534328","https://openalex.org/W2018759226","https://openalex.org/W2260783129","https://openalex.org/W2284351912","https://openalex.org/W2485276051","https://openalex.org/W2500898769","https://openalex.org/W2508393166","https://openalex.org/W2515419123","https://openalex.org/W2550384411","https://openalex.org/W2610279045","https://openalex.org/W2740027807","https://openalex.org/W2766814683","https://openalex.org/W2802687568","https://openalex.org/W2807979099","https://openalex.org/W2809141121","https://openalex.org/W2810011639","https://openalex.org/W2886902868","https://openalex.org/W2889610311","https://openalex.org/W2891855426","https://openalex.org/W2892520153","https://openalex.org/W2900804961","https://openalex.org/W2905867785","https://openalex.org/W2909746507","https://openalex.org/W2912731102","https://openalex.org/W2912883329","https://openalex.org/W2914735843","https://openalex.org/W2915511443","https://openalex.org/W2932177597","https://openalex.org/W2944469681","https://openalex.org/W2944715069","https://openalex.org/W2947825277","https://openalex.org/W2956550238","https://openalex.org/W2956655210","https://openalex.org/W2957647625","https://openalex.org/W2957654085","https://openalex.org/W2962948535","https://openalex.org/W2963036378","https://openalex.org/W2963209633","https://openalex.org/W2964583557","https://openalex.org/W2967002651","https://openalex.org/W2967845549","https://openalex.org/W2969575373","https://openalex.org/W2981187527","https://openalex.org/W2995902774","https://openalex.org/W3039792741","https://openalex.org/W3100859211","https://openalex.org/W3105376410","https://openalex.org/W4211068006","https://openalex.org/W4213060235","https://openalex.org/W4248175462","https://openalex.org/W4250589301","https://openalex.org/W4376522564","https://openalex.org/W4385217746","https://openalex.org/W6780138948"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4210406818","https://openalex.org/W4306779889","https://openalex.org/W4386732777","https://openalex.org/W3211706803","https://openalex.org/W4382775358","https://openalex.org/W4246942721","https://openalex.org/W3209862047","https://openalex.org/W4304136894"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Network":[0],"function":[1,42],"virtualization":[2],"(NFV)":[3],"is":[4,62,90,273,283,337],"a":[5,40,65,172,216,340],"promising":[6],"technology":[7,89],"to":[8,92,112,118,124,175,201,207],"make":[9],"5G":[10],"networks":[11],"flexible":[12],"and":[13,19,85,107,152,180,240,266,331],"agile.":[14],"NFV":[15,61,69,105,121,166],"decreases":[16],"operators\u2019":[17],"OPEX":[18],"CAPEX":[20],"by":[21,96,285],"decoupling":[22],"the":[23,27,108,128,177,208,231,254,270,274,290,324,328],"physical":[24],"hardware":[25],"from":[26,76],"functions":[28,50],"they":[29],"perform.":[30],"In":[31,279],"NFV,":[32],"users\u2019":[33,125,334],"service":[34,41],"request":[35],"can":[36,312,345],"be":[37,346],"viewed":[38],"as":[39,80,171,339],"chain":[43],"(SFC)":[44],"consisting":[45],"of":[46,83,102,142,211,259,261,276,318,326,333],"several":[47],"virtual":[48,56],"network":[49],"(VNFs)":[51],"which":[52],"are":[53,139],"connected":[54],"through":[55,64],"links.":[57],"Resource":[58,193,220],"allocation":[59,123,168],"in":[60,104,257,304,349],"done":[63],"centralized":[66,73],"authority":[67,74],"called":[68],"Orchestrator":[70],"(NFVO).":[71],"This":[72],"suffers":[75],"some":[77],"drawbacks":[78,101],"such":[79],"single":[81],"point":[82],"failure":[84],"security.":[86],"Blockchain":[87],"(BC)":[88],"able":[91],"address":[93,113,186],"these":[94,114],"problems":[95,115],"decentralizing":[97],"resource":[98,122,167,182],"allocation.":[99,229],"The":[100],"NFVO":[103],"architecture":[106],"exceptional":[109],"BC":[110,277],"characteristics":[111],"motivate":[116],"us":[117],"focus":[119],"on":[120],"SFCs":[126],"without":[127],"need":[129],"for":[130,227],"an":[131,191],"NFVO.":[132],"To":[133,185],"this":[134,187,305],"end,":[135],"we":[136,164,189,214,234,307],"assume":[137,308],"there":[138],"two":[140],"types":[141],"users:":[143],"users":[144,153,298,311],"who":[145,154],"send":[146],"SFC":[147,161],"requests":[148],"(SFC":[149],"requesting":[150,162],"users)":[151],"perform":[155,300,313],"mining":[156,271,282,291,314,322],"process":[157,272,292,315],"(miner":[158],"users).":[159],"For":[160,321],"users,":[163],"formulate":[165],"(NFV-RA)":[169],"problem":[170,174,325,343],"multi-objective":[173],"minimize":[176],"energy":[178,264,329],"consumption":[179,330],"utilized":[181],"cost,":[183],"simultaneously.":[184],"problem,":[188],"propose":[190,215],"Approximation-based":[192],"Allocation":[194,221],"algorithm":[195,223,226,252],"(ARA)":[196],"using":[197,224],"Majorization-Minimization":[198],"approximation":[199],"method":[200],"convexify":[202],"NFV-RA":[203],"problem.":[204],"Furthermore,":[205],"due":[206],"high":[209,294],"complexity":[210,218],"ARA":[212,239,251],"algorithm,":[213],"low":[217],"Hungarian-based":[219],"(HuRA)":[222],"Hungarian":[225],"server":[228],"Through":[230],"simulation":[232],"results,":[233],"show":[235],"that":[236,309,344],"our":[237],"proposed":[238],"HuRA":[241],"algorithms":[242,256],"achieve":[243],"near-optimal":[244],"performance":[245],"with":[246,316],"lower":[247],"computational":[248,295],"complexity.":[249],"Also,":[250],"outperforms":[253],"existing":[255],"terms":[258],"number":[260],"active":[262],"servers,":[263],"consumption,":[265],"average":[267],"latency.":[268],"Moreover,":[269],"foundation":[275],"technology.":[278],"wireless":[280],"networks,":[281],"performed":[284],"resource-limited":[286],"mobile":[287],"users.":[288,320],"Since":[289],"requires":[293],"complexity,":[296],"miner":[297,310],"cannot":[299],"it":[301],"alone.":[302],"So,":[303],"article,":[306],"participating":[317],"other":[319],"process,":[323],"minimizing":[327],"cost":[332],"processing":[335],"resources":[336],"formulated":[338],"linear":[341],"programming":[342],"optimally":[347],"solved":[348],"polynomial":[350],"time.":[351]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}