{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7127179493","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/trustcom66490.2025.00286","title":"Beyond Likes: Unraveling the Veil of Personal Data Exposure in Mobile Application GUIs","display_name":"Beyond Likes: Unraveling the Veil of Personal Data Exposure in Mobile Application GUIs","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7127179493","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/trustcom66490.2025.00286"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/trustcom66490.2025.00286","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/trustcom66490.2025.00286","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE 24th International Conference on Trust, Security and Privacy in Computing and Communications (TrustCom)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075243974","display_name":"Jice Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20942203","display_name":"Hainan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q648j11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jice Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hainan University,College of Cyberspace Security,Haikou,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hainan University,College of Cyberspace Security,Haikou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027256309","display_name":"Fannv He","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20942203","display_name":"Hainan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q648j11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fannv He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hainan University,College of Cyberspace Security,Haikou,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hainan University,College of Cyberspace Security,Haikou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063381426","display_name":"Yue Fang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108629","display_name":"Computer Network Information Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01s0wyf50","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210108629"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yue Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,National Computer Network Intrusion Protection Center,Beijing,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,National Computer Network Intrusion Protection Center,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108629","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yuqing Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108629","display_name":"Computer Network Information Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01s0wyf50","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210108629"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuqing Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,National Computer Network Intrusion Protection Center,Beijing,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,National Computer Network Intrusion Protection Center,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108629","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63512353,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2439","last_page":"2444"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9491999745368958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9491999745368958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.012199999764561653,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.011599999852478504,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/android","display_name":"Android (operating system)","score":0.6525999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-apps","display_name":"Mobile apps","score":0.5461999773979187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-privacy","display_name":"Information privacy","score":0.5325999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-protection-act-1998","display_name":"Data Protection Act 1998","score":0.47620001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anonymity","display_name":"Anonymity","score":0.44269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/privacy-protection","display_name":"Privacy protection","score":0.40779998898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-device","display_name":"Mobile device","score":0.39959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphical-user-interface","display_name":"Graphical user interface","score":0.3734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/privacy-policy","display_name":"Privacy policy","score":0.3695000112056732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-interface","display_name":"User interface","score":0.3637000024318695}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.6736999750137329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6639000177383423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557433098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94","display_name":"Android (operating system)","level":2,"score":0.6525999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988145974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620615","display_name":"Mobile apps","level":2,"score":0.5461999773979187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123201435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456632","display_name":"Information privacy","level":2,"score":0.5325999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69360830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172237","display_name":"Data Protection Act 1998","level":2,"score":0.47620001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.45509999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178005623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q308859","display_name":"Anonymity","level":2,"score":0.44269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017597292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25052250","display_name":"Privacy protection","level":2,"score":0.40779998898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4059000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.39959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.37380000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37789001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q782543","display_name":"Graphical user interface","level":2,"score":0.3734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102938260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1999831","display_name":"Privacy policy","level":3,"score":0.3695000112056732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89505385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47146","display_name":"User interface","level":2,"score":0.3637000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99221444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1532069","display_name":"Private information retrieval","level":2,"score":0.3625999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71745522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2476929","display_name":"Confidentiality","level":2,"score":0.35370001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10511746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899388","display_name":"Data security","level":3,"score":0.3528999984264374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779965156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227350","display_name":"Data sharing","level":3,"score":0.3425000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779794324","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3814081","display_name":"App store","level":2,"score":0.3418999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183003079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1000371","display_name":"Personalization","level":2,"score":0.33059999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169093310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3702971","display_name":"Personally identifiable information","level":2,"score":0.3262999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140547941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7797194","display_name":"Threat model","level":2,"score":0.32589998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509729295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7246032","display_name":"Privacy software","level":3,"score":0.2987000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153701036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q659974","display_name":"Trustworthiness","level":2,"score":0.2919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017619522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620615","display_name":"Smartphone app","level":2,"score":0.288100004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201025465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11248500","display_name":"User experience design","level":2,"score":0.2745000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3090818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172506","display_name":"General Data Protection Regulation","level":3,"score":0.26489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193934123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7246028","display_name":"Privacy by Design","level":3,"score":0.2632000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137822555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2587068","display_name":"Information sensitivity","level":2,"score":0.26019999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.25999999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988045736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94","display_name":"Android app","level":3,"score":0.2574999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780535194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309901","display_name":"Open data","level":2,"score":0.2563999891281128}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/trustcom66490.2025.00286","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/trustcom66490.2025.00286","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE 24th International Conference on Trust, Security and Privacy in Computing and Communications (TrustCom)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337504","display_name":"Research and Development","ror":"https://ror.org/027s68j25"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2208157769","https://openalex.org/W2343325785","https://openalex.org/W2925389046","https://openalex.org/W3214522776","https://openalex.org/W4225594804","https://openalex.org/W4384345667","https://openalex.org/W4391724737"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Mobile":[0],"applications":[1],"(Apps)":[2],"have":[3],"become":[4],"indispensable":[5],"to":[6,69,122],"our":[7],"daily":[8],"routines,":[9],"infiltrating":[10],"every":[11],"facet":[12],"of":[13,20,27,46,55,150,155,171],"modern":[14],"life.":[15],"However,":[16],"the":[17,43,50,66,94,148,175,179],"widespread":[18,169],"use":[19],"these":[21],"apps":[22,62,76,142,156],"also":[23],"poses":[24],"serious":[25],"risks":[26],"privacy":[28,72,91,184],"leakage":[29],"for":[30,106,182],"individuals.":[31],"In":[32],"this":[33],"paper,":[34],"we":[35,58,152],"uncover":[36],"a":[37,86,101,118],"critical":[38],"yet":[39],"overlooked":[40],"security":[41],"issue:":[42],"ubiquitous":[44],"exposure":[45,170],"private":[47,80,108,158],"data":[48,81,90,109,159,173],"within":[49,93],"graphical":[51],"user":[52,172,187],"interfaces":[53,125],"(GUIs)":[54],"apps.":[56],"Specifically,":[57],"revealed":[59],"that":[60],"many":[61],"did":[63],"not":[64],"adopt":[65],"anonymity":[67],"principle":[68],"protect":[70],"users\u2019":[71],"data,":[73],"and":[74,99,126,134,186],"some":[75],"even":[77],"displayed":[78],"more":[79,163],"than":[82],"users":[83],"provided,":[84],"underscoring":[85],"significant":[87],"oversight":[88],"in":[89,111,143,160],"practices":[92],"app":[95,113,145,176],"ecosystem.":[96],"We":[97],"designed":[98],"implemented":[100],"novel":[102],"semi-automated":[103],"tool,":[104],"PryDroid,":[105,151],"detecting":[107],"exposed":[110],"Android":[112],"GUIs.":[114],"This":[115],"tool":[116],"employs":[117],"depth-first":[119],"search":[120],"strategy":[121],"explore":[123],"UI":[124,164],"minimizes":[127],"redundant":[128],"page":[129],"exploration":[130],"through":[131],"sensory":[132],"processing":[133],"template":[135],"matching":[136],"techniques.":[137],"By":[138],"measuring":[139],"234":[140],"real-world":[141],"Chinese":[144],"markets":[146],"with":[147],"help":[149],"found":[153],"95.7%":[154],"display":[157],"one":[161],"or":[162],"pages.":[165],"Our":[166],"evaluation":[167],"confirms":[168],"across":[174],"ecosystem,":[177],"underlining":[178],"urgent":[180],"need":[181],"enhanced":[183],"protections":[185],"awareness":[188],"regarding":[189],"digital":[190],"privacy.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-02-03T00:00:00"}