{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403635718","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tro.2024.3484630","title":"The Impact of Stress and Workload on Human Performance in Robot Teleoperation Tasks","display_name":"The Impact of Stress and Workload on Human Performance in Robot Teleoperation Tasks","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403635718","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tro.2024.3484630"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tro.2024.3484630","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tro.2024.3484630","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144620930","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Robotics","issn_l":"1552-3098","issn":["1552-3098","1941-0468"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Robotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yi Ting Sam","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yi Ting Sam","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Interactive Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Interactive Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001734584","display_name":"Erin Hedlund-Botti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9890-4873"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erin Hedlund-Botti","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Interactive Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9890-4873","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Interactive Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080835210","display_name":"Manisha Natarajan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7583-9685"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manisha Natarajan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Interactive Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7583-9685","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Interactive Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075542202","display_name":"Jamison Heard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6860-0844"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I77566578","display_name":"United Microelectronics (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00vrhw316","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161555","https://openalex.org/I77566578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jamison Heard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Microelectronic Engineering, Rochester, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6860-0844","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Microelectronic Engineering, Rochester, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I77566578"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008211323","display_name":"Matthew Gombolay","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5321-6038"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew Gombolay","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Interactive Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5321-6038","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Interactive Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4435,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89144235,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":null,"first_page":"4725","last_page":"4744"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.921999990940094,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.921999990940094,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teleoperation","display_name":"Teleoperation","score":0.9059567451477051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workload","display_name":"Workload","score":0.8273701667785645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telerobotics","display_name":"Telerobotics","score":0.6584327220916748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.6440687775611877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5898261666297913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013robot-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013robot interaction","score":0.5329535603523254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stress","display_name":"Stress (linguistics)","score":0.5295292735099792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.47541218996047974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.4260086119174957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-robot","display_name":"Mobile robot","score":0.38413485884666443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.30234062671661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.06279844045639038}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161759796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3982902","display_name":"Teleoperation","level":3,"score":0.9059567451477051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778476105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628539","display_name":"Workload","level":2,"score":0.8273701667785645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196467688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1851985","display_name":"Telerobotics","level":4,"score":0.6584327220916748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.6440687775611877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5898261666297913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145460709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q859951","display_name":"Human\u2013robot interaction","level":3,"score":0.5329535603523254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21036866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181767","display_name":"Stress (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5295292735099792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.47541218996047974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.4260086119174957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19966478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4810574","display_name":"Mobile robot","level":3,"score":0.38413485884666443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.30234062671661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.06279844045639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tro.2024.3484630","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tro.2024.3484630","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144620930","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Robotics","issn_l":"1552-3098","issn":["1552-3098","1941-0468"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Robotics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5219463777","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1545287","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":118,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W83066343","https://openalex.org/W207692489","https://openalex.org/W1490384990","https://openalex.org/W1511150419","https://openalex.org/W1517797238","https://openalex.org/W1538807643","https://openalex.org/W1544214306","https://openalex.org/W1588715534","https://openalex.org/W1615247479","https://openalex.org/W1659992289","https://openalex.org/W1954104200","https://openalex.org/W1974975426","https://openalex.org/W1977387036","https://openalex.org/W1982446351","https://openalex.org/W1982974025","https://openalex.org/W1983961348","https://openalex.org/W1984794457","https://openalex.org/W1992985704","https://openalex.org/W1995634488","https://openalex.org/W1998671702","https://openalex.org/W2011475678","https://openalex.org/W2015072208","https://openalex.org/W2015219569","https://openalex.org/W2024721056","https://openalex.org/W2025791332","https://openalex.org/W2030779769","https://openalex.org/W2042794279","https://openalex.org/W2042962409","https://openalex.org/W2043450122","https://openalex.org/W2044456941","https://openalex.org/W2044879289","https://openalex.org/W2044882199","https://openalex.org/W2046903599","https://openalex.org/W2056553391","https://openalex.org/W2068156331","https://openalex.org/W2075928993","https://openalex.org/W2077465748","https://openalex.org/W2087993726","https://openalex.org/W2104780674","https://openalex.org/W2105594115","https://openalex.org/W2112598493","https://openalex.org/W2113355126","https://openalex.org/W2119896685","https://openalex.org/W2120089324","https://openalex.org/W2121440896","https://openalex.org/W2122219027","https://openalex.org/W2123179704","https://openalex.org/W2126552455","https://openalex.org/W2130288444","https://openalex.org/W2131861451","https://openalex.org/W2141490089","https://openalex.org/W2142567154","https://openalex.org/W2147851174","https://openalex.org/W2147984108","https://openalex.org/W2148337649","https://openalex.org/W2157289187","https://openalex.org/W2160502268","https://openalex.org/W2160657287","https://openalex.org/W2165494721","https://openalex.org/W2168676985","https://openalex.org/W2188512843","https://openalex.org/W2294161397","https://openalex.org/W2337532104","https://openalex.org/W2416670454","https://openalex.org/W2465657778","https://openalex.org/W2547581866","https://openalex.org/W2559747093","https://openalex.org/W2605376995","https://openalex.org/W2613656933","https://openalex.org/W2621293331","https://openalex.org/W2757007474","https://openalex.org/W2781634994","https://openalex.org/W2791102794","https://openalex.org/W2798467096","https://openalex.org/W2805985520","https://openalex.org/W2886892220","https://openalex.org/W2888997602","https://openalex.org/W2889672069","https://openalex.org/W2896126560","https://openalex.org/W2909359907","https://openalex.org/W2913149626","https://openalex.org/W2941528468","https://openalex.org/W2953127026","https://openalex.org/W2953865620","https://openalex.org/W2979858421","https://openalex.org/W2981462195","https://openalex.org/W2996930044","https://openalex.org/W3031004269","https://openalex.org/W3041819362","https://openalex.org/W3041953040","https://openalex.org/W3093766141","https://openalex.org/W3134834355","https://openalex.org/W3199557569","https://openalex.org/W3207145258","https://openalex.org/W4225669925","https://openalex.org/W4231136436","https://openalex.org/W4237536504","https://openalex.org/W4237796796","https://openalex.org/W4240675888","https://openalex.org/W4241007718","https://openalex.org/W4241876979","https://openalex.org/W4244887596","https://openalex.org/W4246330911","https://openalex.org/W4251964982","https://openalex.org/W4256431479","https://openalex.org/W4282573671","https://openalex.org/W4312827880","https://openalex.org/W6603452954","https://openalex.org/W6675991262","https://openalex.org/W6677511533","https://openalex.org/W6684110841","https://openalex.org/W6686406519","https://openalex.org/W6687460757","https://openalex.org/W6716783793","https://openalex.org/W6778590918","https://openalex.org/W6887541692","https://openalex.org/W6982602937","https://openalex.org/W6990797313"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2046710269","https://openalex.org/W817518365","https://openalex.org/W2097059456","https://openalex.org/W2141648055","https://openalex.org/W2145103607","https://openalex.org/W4367662652","https://openalex.org/W2022619197","https://openalex.org/W2145960295","https://openalex.org/W2078176643","https://openalex.org/W2067221866"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Advances":[0],"in":[1,8,27,53],"robot":[2,48],"teleoperation":[3,32,49,84],"have":[4,153],"enabled":[5],"groundbreaking":[6],"innovations":[7],"many":[9],"fields,":[10],"such":[11],"as":[12,116,140],"space":[13],"exploration,":[14],"healthcare,":[15],"and":[16,41,64,81,100,102,109,151],"disaster":[17],"relief.":[18],"The":[19],"human":[20],"operator's":[21],"performance":[22,106,169],"plays":[23],"a":[24,88,128],"key":[25],"role":[26],"the":[28,68,104,134,141,164],"success":[29],"of":[30,73,121,131,136,166],"any":[31,74],"task,":[33],"with":[34,161],"prior":[35,75],"evidence":[36],"suggesting":[37],"that":[38,149],"operator":[39],"stress":[40,63,80,99,117,150],"workload":[42,65,82,101,142,152,162],"can":[43],"impact":[44,67,83],"task":[45,159],"performance.":[46,85],"As":[47],"is":[50,57],"currently":[51],"deployed":[52],"safety-critical":[54],"domains,":[55],"it":[56],"essential":[58],"to":[59,95,127],"analyze":[60,103],"how":[61,78],"different":[62],"levels":[66],"operator.":[69],"We":[70,86],"are":[71],"unaware":[72],"work":[76],"investigating":[77],"both":[79],"conducted":[87],"novel":[89],"study":[90],"(<inline-formula":[91,170],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[92,171],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><tex-math":[93,172],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$n=24$</tex-math></inline-formula>)":[94],"jointly":[96],"manipulate":[97],"users'":[98],"user's":[105],"through":[107],"objective":[108],"subjective":[110],"measures.":[111],"Our":[112],"results":[113],"indicate":[114],"that,":[115],"increased,":[118],"over":[119],"70%":[120],"our":[122,145],"participants":[123,137],"performed":[124,138],"better":[125],"up":[126],"moderate":[129],"level":[130],"stress;":[132],"yet,":[133],"majority":[135],"worse":[139],"increased.":[143],"Importantly,":[144],"experimental":[146],"design":[147],"elucidated":[148],"related":[154],"yet":[155],"distinct":[156],"impacts":[157],"on":[158,168],"performance,":[160],"mediating":[163],"effects":[165],"distress":[167],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$p&lt;":[173],".05$</tex-math></inline-formula>).":[174]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-12-27T23:08:20.325037","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}