{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2890566160","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tro.2020.3005533","title":"Design and Validation of a Powered Knee\u2013Ankle Prosthesis With High-Torque, Low-Impedance Actuators","display_name":"Design and Validation of a Powered Knee\u2013Ankle Prosthesis With High-Torque, Low-Impedance Actuators","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2890566160","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tro.2020.3005533","mag":"2890566160","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33299386"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tro.2020.3005533","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tro.2020.3005533","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8860/9280435/09139298.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144620930","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Robotics","issn_l":"1552-3098","issn":["1552-3098","1941-0468"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Robotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8860/9280435/09139298.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Toby Elery","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9170-8933"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Toby Elery","raw_affiliation_strings":["T. Elery is with the Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. S. Rezazadeh is with the Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Denver, Denver, CO, 80208 USA. C. Nesler and R. D. Gregg are with the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science; Robotics Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109 USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9170-8933","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"T. Elery is with the Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. S. Rezazadeh is with the Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Denver, Denver, CO, 80208 USA. C. Nesler and R. D. Gregg are with the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science; Robotics Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Siavash Rezazadeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0312-3167"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siavash Rezazadeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["T. Elery is with the Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. S. Rezazadeh is with the Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Denver, Denver, CO, 80208 USA. C. Nesler and R. D. Gregg are with the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science; Robotics Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109 USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0312-3167","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"T. Elery is with the Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. S. Rezazadeh is with the Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Denver, Denver, CO, 80208 USA. C. Nesler and R. D. Gregg are with the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science; Robotics Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Christopher Nesler","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher Nesler","raw_affiliation_strings":["T. Elery is with the Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. S. Rezazadeh is with the Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Denver, Denver, CO, 80208 USA. C. Nesler and R. D. Gregg are with the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science; Robotics Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109 USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"T. Elery is with the Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. S. Rezazadeh is with the Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Denver, Denver, CO, 80208 USA. C. Nesler and R. D. Gregg are with the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science; Robotics Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Robert D. Gregg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0729-2857"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert D. Gregg","raw_affiliation_strings":["T. Elery is with the Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. S. Rezazadeh is with the Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Denver, Denver, CO, 80208 USA. C. Nesler and R. D. Gregg are with the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science; Robotics Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109 USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0729-2857","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"T. Elery is with the Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. S. Rezazadeh is with the Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Denver, Denver, CO, 80208 USA. C. Nesler and R. D. Gregg are with the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science; Robotics Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.3587,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":167,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98497811,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"6","first_page":"1649","last_page":"1668"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11023","display_name":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","score":0.9914000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11023","display_name":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","score":0.9914000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10879","display_name":"Robotic Locomotion and Control","score":0.0035000001080334187,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11608","display_name":"Dielectric materials and actuators","score":0.0019000000320374966,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/actuator","display_name":"Actuator","score":0.8435999751091003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/torque","display_name":"Torque","score":0.6657999753952026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-impedance","display_name":"Mechanical impedance","score":0.6431000232696533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rotary-actuator","display_name":"Rotary actuator","score":0.5389999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-impedance","display_name":"Electrical impedance","score":0.5296000242233276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/impedance-control","display_name":"Impedance control","score":0.4618000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.4381999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.38749998807907104}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172707124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423488","display_name":"Actuator","level":2,"score":0.8435999751091003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144171764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48103","display_name":"Torque","level":2,"score":0.6657999753952026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159447365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6421317","display_name":"Mechanical impedance","level":3,"score":0.6431000232696533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.5527999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110682481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7370260","display_name":"Rotary actuator","level":3,"score":0.5389999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17829176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179043","display_name":"Electrical impedance","level":2,"score":0.5296000242233276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777984285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17098134","display_name":"Impedance control","level":3,"score":0.4618000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4381999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.38749998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.37130001187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.36559998989105225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110407247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q122508","display_name":"Inertia","level":2,"score":0.36070001125335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92018576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3242194","display_name":"Power transmission","level":3,"score":0.34529998898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.32339999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.29429998993873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53432115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5357907","display_name":"Electro-hydraulic actuator","level":3,"score":0.2651999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.26420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780023022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1338171","display_name":"Compensation (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.259799987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17500928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959968","display_name":"Control system","level":2,"score":0.2572999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109441226","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1137255","display_name":"Servomotor","level":2,"score":0.25699999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105637607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1786258","display_name":"Drivetrain","level":3,"score":0.2558000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.2540999948978424}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tro.2020.3005533","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tro.2020.3005533","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8860/9280435/09139298.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144620930","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Robotics","issn_l":"1552-3098","issn":["1552-3098","1941-0468"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Robotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33299386","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33299386","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on robotics : a publication of the IEEE Robotics and Automation Society","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7720653","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7720653","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Trans Robot","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tro.2020.3005533","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tro.2020.3005533","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8860/9280435/09139298.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144620930","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Robotics","issn_l":"1552-3098","issn":["1552-3098","1941-0468"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Robotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1277094256","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1637704","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2083502672","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DP2HD080349","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3426788153","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01HD094772","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4454189004","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1637704/1854898","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306133","display_name":"Burroughs Wellcome Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/01d35cw23"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337364","display_name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","ror":"https://ror.org/04byxyr05"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2890566160.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2890566160.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":76,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1762929492","https://openalex.org/W1822001265","https://openalex.org/W1980780059","https://openalex.org/W1983801397","https://openalex.org/W1998320749","https://openalex.org/W2005999581","https://openalex.org/W2006355360","https://openalex.org/W2009088761","https://openalex.org/W2013676449","https://openalex.org/W2017239762","https://openalex.org/W2017249007","https://openalex.org/W2017461531","https://openalex.org/W2028720893","https://openalex.org/W2047240171","https://openalex.org/W2047654934","https://openalex.org/W2049361901","https://openalex.org/W2052281768","https://openalex.org/W2053186023","https://openalex.org/W2061219591","https://openalex.org/W2074631385","https://openalex.org/W2078457597","https://openalex.org/W2078846009","https://openalex.org/W2090771768","https://openalex.org/W2095021333","https://openalex.org/W2096280743","https://openalex.org/W2102927144","https://openalex.org/W2103567641","https://openalex.org/W2109135013","https://openalex.org/W2111898076","https://openalex.org/W2117608991","https://openalex.org/W2131469482","https://openalex.org/W2133639509","https://openalex.org/W2137152508","https://openalex.org/W2137730046","https://openalex.org/W2139044388","https://openalex.org/W2142114107","https://openalex.org/W2147809815","https://openalex.org/W2153859716","https://openalex.org/W2159220301","https://openalex.org/W2161658824","https://openalex.org/W2162994332","https://openalex.org/W2168224345","https://openalex.org/W2174295199","https://openalex.org/W2188118917","https://openalex.org/W2239166089","https://openalex.org/W2295130897","https://openalex.org/W2295396471","https://openalex.org/W2337738013","https://openalex.org/W2340622593","https://openalex.org/W2538046394","https://openalex.org/W2538982435","https://openalex.org/W2562207568","https://openalex.org/W2569210015","https://openalex.org/W2573227850","https://openalex.org/W2576964732","https://openalex.org/W2742504415","https://openalex.org/W2771639479","https://openalex.org/W2773451156","https://openalex.org/W2792994057","https://openalex.org/W2806858658","https://openalex.org/W2883939927","https://openalex.org/W2886880902","https://openalex.org/W2890824726","https://openalex.org/W2891530411","https://openalex.org/W2897676283","https://openalex.org/W2899322553","https://openalex.org/W2901258812","https://openalex.org/W2908965893","https://openalex.org/W2910617149","https://openalex.org/W2910705134","https://openalex.org/W2964622555","https://openalex.org/W4211003818","https://openalex.org/W4211253905","https://openalex.org/W4231210434","https://openalex.org/W6786595343","https://openalex.org/W7037056932"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"present":[1],"the":[2,60,88,97,104,125,133,143],"design":[3],"of":[4,38,103,142],"a":[5,21],"powered":[6,155],"knee-ankle":[7],"prosthetic":[8,51],"leg,":[9],"which":[10,53],"implements":[11],"high-torque":[12,22],"actuators":[13,145],"with":[14,20,29,59,129],"low-reduction":[15],"transmissions.":[16],"The":[17],"transmission":[18],"coupled":[19],"and":[23,33,69,86,100,138,149],"low-speed":[24],"motor":[25],"creates":[26],"an":[27],"actuator":[28,64,105],"low":[30,136],"mechanical":[31],"impedance":[32,99,112],"high":[34],"backdrivability.":[35],"This":[36],"style":[37],"actuation":[39,46],"presents":[40],"several":[41],"possible":[42],"benefits":[43],"over":[44],"modern":[45],"styles":[47],"in":[48],"emerging":[49],"robotic":[50],"legs,":[52],"include":[54],"free-swinging":[55],"knee":[56],"motion,":[57],"compliance":[58],"ground,":[61],"negligible":[62],"unmodeled":[63,101],"dynamics,":[65],"less":[66],"acoustic":[67,150],"noise,":[68],"power":[70,147],"regeneration.":[71],"Benchtop":[72],"tests":[73,94],"establish":[74],"that":[75,96],"both":[76],"joints":[77],"can":[78],"be":[79],"backdriven":[80],"by":[81],"small":[82,89,108,139],"torques":[83],"(~1-3":[84],"Nm)":[85],"confirm":[87],"reflected":[90,140],"inertia.":[91],"Impedance":[92],"control":[93,110],"prove":[95],"intrinsic":[98],"dynamics":[102],"are":[106],"sufficiently":[107],"to":[109,153],"joint":[111],"without":[113],"torque":[114],"feedback":[115],"or":[116],"lengthy":[117],"tuning":[118],"trials.":[119],"Walking":[120],"experiments":[121],"validate":[122],"performance":[123],"under":[124],"designed":[126],"loading":[127],"conditions":[128],"minimal":[130],"tuning.":[131],"Lastly,":[132],"regenerative":[134],"abilities,":[135],"friction,":[137],"inertia":[141],"presented":[144],"reduced":[146],"consumption":[148],"noise":[151],"compared":[152],"state-of-art":[154],"legs.":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-05T08:41:31.759640","created_date":"2018-09-27T00:00:00"}