{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2042223882","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tro.2014.2303834","title":"Design of Efficient Propulsion for Nanorobots","display_name":"Design of Efficient Propulsion for Nanorobots","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-02-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2042223882","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tro.2014.2303834","mag":"2042223882"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tro.2014.2303834","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tro.2014.2303834","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144620930","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Robotics","issn_l":"1552-3098","issn":["1552-3098","1546-1904","1941-0468"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Robotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075664980","display_name":"Xinghua Jia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9764-2493"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75027704","display_name":"University of Tennessee at Knoxville","ror":"https://ror.org/020f3ap87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinghua Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA","Department of Mechanical Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering The University of Tennessee Knoxville TN USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering The University of Tennessee Knoxville TN USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100318741","display_name":"Xiaobo Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0549-3508"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75027704","display_name":"University of Tennessee at Knoxville","ror":"https://ror.org/020f3ap87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaobo Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nurotron Biotechnology Inc., Irvine, CA, USA","Department of Mechanical Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering The University of Tennessee Knoxville TN USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nurotron Biotechnology Inc., Irvine, CA, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering The University of Tennessee Knoxville TN USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065347435","display_name":"Scott C. Lenaghan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7539-1726"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75027704","display_name":"University of Tennessee at Knoxville","ror":"https://ror.org/020f3ap87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Scott C. Lenaghan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Renewable Carbon, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA","Department of Mechanical Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering The University of Tennessee Knoxville TN USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Renewable Carbon, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering The University of Tennessee Knoxville TN USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100709820","display_name":"Mingjun Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7707-8661"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75027704","display_name":"University of Tennessee at Knoxville","ror":"https://ror.org/020f3ap87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingjun Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA","Department of Mechanical Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering The University of Tennessee Knoxville TN USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering The University of Tennessee Knoxville TN USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7207,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83625117,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"4","first_page":"792","last_page":"801"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11486","display_name":"Micro and Nano Robotics","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3104","display_name":"Condensed Matter Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11486","display_name":"Micro and Nano Robotics","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3104","display_name":"Condensed Matter Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9714999794960022,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13052","display_name":"Molecular Communication and Nanonetworks","score":0.9639999866485596,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/propulsion","display_name":"Propulsion","score":0.4737623333930969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/propeller","display_name":"Propeller","score":0.4536825716495514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3941843509674072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.34550541639328003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3293841481208801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.2775571346282959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16917318105697632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marine-engineering","display_name":"Marine engineering","score":0.09804776310920715}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1034443","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2583685","display_name":"Propulsion","level":2,"score":0.4737623333930969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80055088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205451","display_name":"Propeller","level":2,"score":0.4536825716495514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3941843509674072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.34550541639328003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3293841481208801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.2775571346282959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16917318105697632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199104240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118291","display_name":"Marine engineering","level":1,"score":0.09804776310920715}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tro.2014.2303834","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tro.2014.2303834","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144620930","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Robotics","issn_l":"1552-3098","issn":["1552-3098","1546-1904","1941-0468"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Robotics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8999999761581421}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1927459862","https://openalex.org/W1968692635","https://openalex.org/W1972962846","https://openalex.org/W1990416424","https://openalex.org/W1992063896","https://openalex.org/W2006237048","https://openalex.org/W2009887778","https://openalex.org/W2018471646","https://openalex.org/W2025562104","https://openalex.org/W2035828874","https://openalex.org/W2038952272","https://openalex.org/W2040194056","https://openalex.org/W2050048811","https://openalex.org/W2056370235","https://openalex.org/W2075211968","https://openalex.org/W2078222855","https://openalex.org/W2097581955","https://openalex.org/W2103449476","https://openalex.org/W2124730634","https://openalex.org/W2129338788","https://openalex.org/W2131310780","https://openalex.org/W2146121536","https://openalex.org/W2146784605","https://openalex.org/W2149587958","https://openalex.org/W2156114447","https://openalex.org/W2535886650","https://openalex.org/W4241351094","https://openalex.org/W4241497765"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2066990921","https://openalex.org/W1974452356","https://openalex.org/W4390554365","https://openalex.org/W2350274412","https://openalex.org/W626412951","https://openalex.org/W4307720037","https://openalex.org/W4316253498","https://openalex.org/W2918422317","https://openalex.org/W2465793042"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Due":[0],"to":[1,42,71,85,92],"the":[2,9,26,48,54,59,73,87,103,108,116,135,168],"constraints":[3],"imposed":[4],"at":[5,140],"low":[6],"Reynolds":[7],"number,":[8],"design":[10,27,169],"of":[11,28,50,89,107,118,127,134,142,170,177],"efficient":[12,30,139,171],"propulsive":[13,32,97,173],"systems":[14],"for":[15,25,47,53,152,167],"nanorobots":[16,153],"has":[17],"proven":[18],"challenging.":[19],"In":[20],"this":[21,161],"paper,":[22],"an":[23,29,63],"approach":[24],"nanorobotic":[31,172],"system":[33],"was":[34,40,67,100,111,137,149],"proposed.":[35],"First,":[36],"resistive":[37],"force":[38],"theory":[39],"used":[41],"develop":[43],"a":[44,155],"dynamic":[45],"model":[46],"propulsion":[49],"nanorobots,":[51],"accounting":[52],"fluid":[55],"dynamics":[56],"generated":[57],"by":[58],"propeller":[60,110],"(flagellum).":[61],"Second,":[62],"optimal":[64,104],"control":[65],"problem":[66],"formulated":[68],"and":[69,78,180],"solved":[70],"balance":[72],"tradeoff":[74],"between":[75],"energy":[76,178],"utilization":[77],"tracking":[79,182],"efficiency.":[80,98],"Finally,":[81],"simulations":[82],"were":[83],"conducted":[84],"analyze":[86],"effect":[88],"different":[90],"body":[91],"flagellum":[93],"ratios":[94],"(BFR)":[95],"on":[96],"It":[99],"found":[101],"that":[102,131],"flexural":[105],"rigidity":[106],"nanorobot":[109],"5.8":[112],"\u00d7":[113,122,124],"10-19N\u00b7m2,":[114],"within":[115],"range":[117],"sperm":[119],"flagellum,":[120],"0.7":[121],"10-19-74.0":[123],"10-19N\u00b7m2.":[125],"Simulations":[126],"multiple":[128],"BFRs":[129,141],"demonstrated":[130],"multipoint":[132],"actuation":[133,148],"nanopropeller":[136],"more":[138],"less":[143],"than":[144],"1.0,":[145],"while":[146],"single":[147],"only":[150],"effective":[151],"with":[154],"BFR":[156],">0.2.":[157],"The":[158],"results":[159],"from":[160],"study":[162],"could":[163],"provide":[164],"useful":[165],"insights":[166],"systems,":[174],"in":[175],"terms":[176],"efficiency":[179],"trajectory":[181],"accuracy.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
