{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7155193886","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tr.2026.3686412","title":"Digital Twin Framework for Interpretable Aero-Engine RUL Prediction via Multibranch LSTM and Unity Visualization","display_name":"Digital Twin Framework for Interpretable Aero-Engine RUL Prediction via Multibranch LSTM and Unity Visualization","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7155193886","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tr.2026.3686412"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tr.2026.3686412","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tr.2026.3686412","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S87725633","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Reliability","issn_l":"0018-9529","issn":["0018-9529","1558-1721"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Reliability","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078091030","display_name":"Anping Wan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1939-8309"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4400573310","display_name":"Hangzhou City University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wck0s05","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4400573310"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6469544","display_name":"City University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/04gpd4q15","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anping Wan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4400573310","https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134362822","display_name":"Zengzhen Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4400573310","display_name":"Hangzhou City University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wck0s05","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4400573310"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6469544","display_name":"City University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/04gpd4q15","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zengzhen Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4400573310","https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117324181","display_name":"Khalil AL-Bukhaiti","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4400573310","display_name":"Hangzhou City University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wck0s05","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4400573310"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6469544","display_name":"City University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/04gpd4q15","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khalil Al-Bukhaiti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1286-8774","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4400573310","https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015239198","display_name":"Rui Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0252-9664"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192868223","display_name":"Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01qjyzh50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192868223"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23171815","display_name":"Zhengzhou University of Light Industry","ror":"https://ror.org/05fwr8z16","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23171815"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhengzhou Digital Industry Institute, Zhengzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0252-9664","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhengzhou Digital Industry Institute, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192868223","https://openalex.org/I23171815"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010051284","display_name":"Jiantao Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8269-6501"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163151501","display_name":"Hangzhou Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/014v1mr15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163151501"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiantao Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["87 Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8269-6501","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"87 Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163151501"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134331183","display_name":"Xiaomin Cheng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4400573310","display_name":"Hangzhou City University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wck0s05","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4400573310"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6469544","display_name":"City University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/04gpd4q15","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaomin Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4400573310","https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112408033","display_name":"Xiaosheng Ji","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4400573310","display_name":"Hangzhou City University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wck0s05","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4400573310"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6469544","display_name":"City University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/04gpd4q15","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaosheng Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4400573310","https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.48602396,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"75","issue":null,"first_page":"1709","last_page":"1719"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11206","display_name":"Model Reduction and Neural Networks","score":0.14309999346733093,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11206","display_name":"Model Reduction and Neural Networks","score":0.14309999346733093,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11524","display_name":"Advanced Aircraft Design and Technologies","score":0.11410000175237656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.10790000110864639,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.6862999796867371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.46369999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-visualization","display_name":"Data visualization","score":0.3718000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-theory","display_name":"Reliability theory","score":0.27730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-modeling","display_name":"Data modeling","score":0.26980000734329224}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.6862999796867371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6711999773979187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6620000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.46369999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172367668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6504956","display_name":"Data visualization","level":3,"score":0.3718000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.34040001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3325999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.27790001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201729545","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability theory","level":3,"score":0.27730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.26980000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.25859999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.25029999017715454}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tr.2026.3686412","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tr.2026.3686412","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S87725633","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Reliability","issn_l":"0018-9529","issn":["0018-9529","1558-1721"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Reliability","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G263762372","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52372420","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Aero-engines,":[0],"as":[1,306],"pivotal":[2],"components":[3],"in":[4,129,211,215,253,261],"aviation,":[5],"demand":[6],"robust":[7],"prognostics":[8,237],"and":[9,17,56,88,142,158,169,183,209,224,238,263,270,312,325,337,351,369,407],"health":[10,48,239],"management":[11,49,240],"(PHM)":[12,241],"to":[13,118,228,250,283,364,374,388],"mitigate":[14],"degradation":[15,120,303],"risks":[16],"optimize":[18],"maintenance":[19,143],"amid":[20],"complex":[21],"operational":[22],"stresses.":[23],"Conventional":[24],"scheduled":[25,255],"strategies":[26],"often":[27],"yield":[28],"inefficiencies,":[29],"prompting":[30],"the":[31,82,130,147,151,315,331],"integration":[32,186],"of":[33,156,160,191],"digital":[34,231],"twins":[35],"(DTs)":[36],"for":[37,66,85,136,179,220,309,384,398],"enhanced":[38],"predictive":[39,403],"capabilities.":[40],"This":[41,196,230,401],"study":[42],"introduces":[43],"a":[44,61,95],"comprehensive":[45],"DT-based":[46],"aero-engine":[47,236],"framework,":[50],"stratified":[51],"into":[52,81,115],"physical,":[53,267],"data,":[54,268],"model,":[55,269],"application":[57,131,271],"layers,":[58,272],"augmented":[59],"by":[60,175,200,242,296,343],"Unity-driven":[62],"3D":[63,189,355],"visualization":[64,356],"module":[65],"immersive":[67],"virtual-real":[68],"interactions.":[69],"The":[70,91,287],"physical":[71,177],"layer":[72,84,93,132],"captures":[73],"real-time":[74,188],"sensor":[75,110,278],"data":[76,83,279],"from":[77],"turbofan":[78,277],"components,":[79],"feeding":[80],"preprocessing,":[86],"fusion,":[87,108],"lifecycle":[89],"storage.":[90],"model":[92,152],"employs":[94],"novel":[96],"physically":[97],"decoupled":[98],"multi-":[99],"branch":[100],"long":[101],"short-term":[102],"memory":[103],"(LSTM)":[104],"network":[105],"with":[106,204,291],"attention":[107,292],"segmenting":[109],"features":[111,295],"(e.g.,":[112,280,298],"temperature,":[113,281],"pressure)":[114,282],"specialized":[116],"branches":[117],"discern":[119],"channels":[121],"while":[122],"dynamically":[123,301],"weighting":[124,302],"salient":[125],"contributions.":[126],"Outputs":[127],"manifest":[128],"via":[133,381],"interactive":[134,360],"dashboards":[135],"RUL":[137,358],"fore-":[138],"casting,":[139],"anomaly":[140],"alerts,":[141,371],"simulations.":[144],"Validated":[145],"on":[146],"N-CMAPSS":[148],"DS01":[149,318],"dataset,":[150,319],"attains":[153],"an":[154],"R2":[155,322],"0.9376":[157,324],"RMSE":[159,326],"5.76":[161,328],"cycles,":[162,329],"outperforming":[163],"single-branch":[164,332],"LSTM":[165,290,333],"(R2":[166,171,334,339],"=":[167,172,323,327,335,340],"0.7306)":[168,336],"Transformer":[170,338],"0.7810)":[173,341],"baselines":[174,342],"leveraging":[176],"priors":[178],"superior":[180,310],"trend":[181],"capture":[182],"interpretability.":[184],"Unity":[185,354],"enables":[187],"mapping":[190],"predictions,":[192],"fostering":[193],"user-centric":[194],"diagnostics.":[195],"framework":[197,234],"advances":[198,235],"PHM":[199],"harmonizing":[201],"deep":[202],"learning":[203],"DTs,":[205],"boosting":[206,405],"accuracy,":[207],"usability,":[208],"decision-making":[210],"civil":[212],"aviation.":[213],"Limitations":[214],"multi-condition":[216],"scenarios":[217],"underscore":[218],"avenues":[219],"future":[221,392],"uncertainty":[222,396],"modeling":[223,397],"lightweight":[225],"adaptations.":[226],"Note":[227],"Practitioners":[229],"twin":[232],"(DT)":[233],"delivering":[243],"interpretable":[244],"remaining":[245],"useful":[246],"life":[247],"(RUL)":[248],"predictions":[249],"combat":[251],"inefficiencies":[252],"traditional":[254],"maintenance,":[256,368],"which":[257],"costs":[258],"aviation":[259],"billions":[260],"downtime":[262],"overhauls.":[264],"Structured":[265],"across":[266],"it":[273,320,386],"processes":[274],"real-":[275],"time":[276],"support":[284],"proactive":[285],"decision-making.":[286],"core":[288],"multi-branch":[289],"fusion":[293],"decouples":[294],"physics":[297],"temperature":[299],"branches),":[300],"signals,":[304],"such":[305],"turbine":[307],"exhaust,":[308],"accuracy":[311],"transparency.":[313],"On":[314],"N-C":[316],"MAPSS":[317],"reaches":[321],"surpassing":[330],"20\u201328%.":[344],"Benefits":[345],"include":[346],"10-15%":[347],"longer":[348],"on-the-wing":[349],"times":[350],"reduced":[352],"inspections.":[353],"maps":[357],"onto":[359],"models,":[361],"enabling":[362],"engineers":[363],"identify":[365],"anomalies,":[366],"simulate":[367],"receive":[370],"bridging":[372],"AI":[373],"actionable":[375],"insights":[376],"without":[377],"requiring":[378],"expertise.":[379],"Deployable":[380],"edge":[382],"cloud":[383],"avionics,":[385],"scales":[387],"variable":[389],"flight":[390],"sizes;":[391],"work":[393],"will":[394],"add":[395],"noisy":[399],"data.":[400],"empowers":[402],"stewardship,":[404],"safety":[406],"economics.":[408]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2026-04-23T00:00:00"}