{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7131898594","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tr.2026.3668421","title":"Enhanced Feature Representation via Hybrid Feature Fusion for Coincidental Correctness Detection","display_name":"Enhanced Feature Representation via Hybrid Feature Fusion for Coincidental Correctness Detection","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7131898594","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tr.2026.3668421"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tr.2026.3668421","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tr.2026.3668421","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S87725633","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Reliability","issn_l":"0018-9529","issn":["0018-9529","1558-1721"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Reliability","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127309681","display_name":"Tao Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Big Data &amp; Software Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3849-6942","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Big Data &amp; Software Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127210114","display_name":"Yan Lei","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Lei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Big Data &amp; Software Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4504-6806","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Big Data &amp; Software Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031789677","display_name":"Huan Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5265-0051"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huan Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Big Data &amp; Software Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5265-0051","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Big Data &amp; Software Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127064508","display_name":"Jian Hu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Big Data &amp; Software Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3896-6938","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Big Data &amp; Software Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100383423","display_name":"Chunyan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6117-6251"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunyan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Big Data &amp; Software Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Big Data &amp; Software Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087671984","display_name":"Jiajun Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4024-8380"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingwen Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Big Data &amp; Software Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Big Data &amp; Software Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.1991626,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"75","issue":null,"first_page":"1306","last_page":"1320"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.15279999375343323,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.15279999375343323,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.07980000227689743,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.0502999983727932,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correctness","display_name":"Correctness","score":0.891700029373169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.6175000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.609499990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.5127999782562256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-detection-and-isolation","display_name":"Fault detection and isolation","score":0.503000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.48100000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuse","display_name":"Fuse (electrical)","score":0.47769999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.47380000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault","display_name":"Fault (geology)","score":0.4577000141143799}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55439883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360812","display_name":"Correctness","level":2,"score":0.891700029373169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7285000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6175000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.609499990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.5389999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5127999782562256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.510699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152745839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5438153","display_name":"Fault detection and isolation","level":3,"score":0.503000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.48100000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141353440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182221","display_name":"Fuse (electrical)","level":2,"score":0.47769999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.47380000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.4577000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4424999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117447612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412670","display_name":"Software quality","level":4,"score":0.42750000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128942645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1568346","display_name":"Test case","level":3,"score":0.375900000333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.32919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.32580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158525013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2593739","display_name":"Fusion","level":2,"score":0.32019999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2903999984264374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.28790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1009929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179550","display_name":"Software bug","level":3,"score":0.28369998931884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189950617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937228","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.2793999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29265498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7047719","display_name":"Noise measurement","level":3,"score":0.2775999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.2732999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101814296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5439685","display_name":"Feature model","level":3,"score":0.2612000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126953365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5438152","display_name":"Fault coverage","level":3,"score":0.25929999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777561058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2652119","display_name":"Program comprehension","level":4,"score":0.2554999887943268}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tr.2026.3668421","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tr.2026.3668421","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S87725633","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Reliability","issn_l":"0018-9529","issn":["0018-9529","1558-1721"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Reliability","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.40007898211479187}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3716495093","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62272072","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W841012168","https://openalex.org/W1667181848","https://openalex.org/W1950030762","https://openalex.org/W1971137495","https://openalex.org/W2010833880","https://openalex.org/W2013655083","https://openalex.org/W2018430492","https://openalex.org/W2058547057","https://openalex.org/W2065201438","https://openalex.org/W2070249305","https://openalex.org/W2083825874","https://openalex.org/W2088604607","https://openalex.org/W2092742242","https://openalex.org/W2109681145","https://openalex.org/W2119136132","https://openalex.org/W2128049346","https://openalex.org/W2130359903","https://openalex.org/W2137522044","https://openalex.org/W2148143831","https://openalex.org/W2156723666","https://openalex.org/W2157151971","https://openalex.org/W2158303854","https://openalex.org/W2172154252","https://openalex.org/W2343875716","https://openalex.org/W2344949959","https://openalex.org/W2467903332","https://openalex.org/W2490270993","https://openalex.org/W2546562498","https://openalex.org/W2563500353","https://openalex.org/W2736091366","https://openalex.org/W2786913301","https://openalex.org/W2795214754","https://openalex.org/W2910121883","https://openalex.org/W2913917532","https://openalex.org/W2914760846","https://openalex.org/W2921022558","https://openalex.org/W2958754741","https://openalex.org/W2962840333","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2980518752","https://openalex.org/W3024567484","https://openalex.org/W3079389867","https://openalex.org/W3087932475","https://openalex.org/W3103674517","https://openalex.org/W3119391179","https://openalex.org/W3162747997","https://openalex.org/W3195442242","https://openalex.org/W4246193833","https://openalex.org/W4284670965","https://openalex.org/W4284689972","https://openalex.org/W4286331435","https://openalex.org/W4293072403","https://openalex.org/W4300958603","https://openalex.org/W4312204978","https://openalex.org/W4312603158","https://openalex.org/W4376606814","https://openalex.org/W4377707837","https://openalex.org/W4385477793","https://openalex.org/W4388210125"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Coincidental":[0],"Correctness":[1],"(CC)":[2],"arises":[3],"when":[4],"a":[5,12,16,167],"test":[6,35,46,57,124],"case":[7,125],"executes":[8],"faulty":[9,32,51,200],"entity":[10],"in":[11,224,249],"program":[13,80],"without":[14],"causing":[15],"failure.":[17],"This":[18],"phenomenon":[19],"injects":[20],"noise":[21],"into":[22],"coverage":[23,112,132,152],"information,":[24],"as":[25],"CC":[26,68,86,123,163,186,214,233],"tests":[27,87],"weaken":[28],"the":[29,53,64,145,151,183,190],"connection":[30],"between":[31],"entities":[33],"and":[34,84,114,148,153,176,222,236],"failures.":[36],"Since":[37],"many":[38],"fault":[39,71,237],"localization":[40,72,238],"(FL)":[41],"approaches":[42],"relies":[43],"on":[44,198],"analyzing":[45],"execution":[47],"traces":[48],"to":[49,73,117,156,231],"locate":[50],"entities,":[52],"compromised":[54],"reliability":[55],"of":[56,67,170,185,192,202,219,251],"results":[58,208],"directly":[59],"undermines":[60],"FL":[61,94,262],"accuracy.":[62],"Furthermore,":[63],"detrimental":[65],"effects":[66],"extend":[69],"beyond":[70],"subsequent":[74],"software":[75,100],"maintenance":[76],"tasks":[77],"like":[78],"automatic":[79],"repair.":[81],"Therefore,":[82],"identifying":[83],"mitigating":[85],"becomes":[88],"critical":[89],"not":[90],"only":[91],"for":[92,97,122,162],"enhancing":[93],"but":[95],"also":[96],"ensuring":[98],"robust":[99],"quality":[101],"assurance.":[102],"Thus,":[103],"we":[104,194],"propose":[105],"FusionCC:":[106],"an":[107],"approach":[108],"that":[109,210],"applies":[110],"multiscale":[111,142],"features":[113,116,143,155,172],"handcrafted":[115,154],"fuse":[118],"complementary":[119,171],"feature":[120,160],"representations":[121,161],"detection.":[126,164,187],"Specifically,":[127],"FusionCC":[128,165,211],"first":[129],"refines":[130],"original":[131],"data":[133],"by":[134],"filtering":[135],"out":[136],"noisy":[137],"irrelevant":[138],"elements,":[139],"then":[140],"extracts":[141],"from":[144,177],"refined":[146],"matrix,":[147],"finally":[149],"fuses":[150],"generate":[157],"highly":[158],"informative":[159],"realizes":[166],"comprehensive":[168],"fusion":[169],"across":[173],"different":[174],"scales":[175],"diverse":[178],"sources,":[179],"which":[180],"significantly":[181,212],"enhances":[182],"accuracy":[184],"To":[188],"evaluate":[189],"effectiveness":[191,239],"FusionCC,":[193],"conduct":[195],"large-scale":[196],"experiments":[197],"277":[199],"versions":[201],"six":[203],"representative":[204],"benchmarks.":[205],"The":[206],"experimental":[207],"show":[209],"improves":[213],"detection":[215,234],"(e.g.,":[216,240],"average":[217,244],"improvements":[218],"50.93%":[220],"precision":[221],"82.03%":[223],"<inline-formula":[225],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[226],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><tex-math":[227],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$F_{1}$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[228],"value":[229],"compared":[230,259],"state-of-the-art":[232,261],"approaches)":[235],"10.33,":[241],"19.33,":[242],"25.67":[243],"faults":[245],"can":[246],"be":[247],"found":[248],"terms":[250],"Top-1,":[252],"Top-3,":[253],"Top-5":[254],"metrics":[255],"at":[256],"relabel":[257],"strategy":[258],"with":[260],"approaches).":[263]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T20:47:17.329874","created_date":"2026-02-28T00:00:00"}
