{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406138195","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tr.2024.3521381","title":"Enhancing Java Web Application Security: Injection Vulnerability Detection via Interprocedural Analysis and Deep Learning","display_name":"Enhancing Java Web Application Security: Injection Vulnerability Detection via Interprocedural Analysis and Deep Learning","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406138195","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tr.2024.3521381"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tr.2024.3521381","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tr.2024.3521381","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S87725633","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Reliability","issn_l":"0018-9529","issn":["0018-9529","1558-1721"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Reliability","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100673338","display_name":"Bing Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9867-8439"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39333907","display_name":"Yanshan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02txfnf15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bing Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China","Key Laboratory for Software Engineering of Hebei Province, Qinhuangdao, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9867-8439","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory for Software Engineering of Hebei Province, Qinhuangdao, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005564918","display_name":"Xuzhe Zhi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39333907","display_name":"Yanshan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02txfnf15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu Zhi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China","Key Laboratory for Software Engineering of Hebei Province, Qinhuangdao, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9462-8307","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory for Software Engineering of Hebei Province, Qinhuangdao, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100377149","display_name":"Meng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3150-4098"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39333907","display_name":"Yanshan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02txfnf15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China","Key Laboratory for Software Engineering of Hebei Province, Qinhuangdao, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory for Software Engineering of Hebei Province, Qinhuangdao, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106407633","display_name":"Rong Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9320-9382"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39333907","display_name":"Yanshan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02txfnf15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rong Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China","Key Laboratory for Software Engineering of Hebei Province, Qinhuangdao, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9320-9382","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory for Software Engineering of Hebei Province, Qinhuangdao, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113560369","display_name":"Jun Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9039-4685"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39333907","display_name":"Yanshan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02txfnf15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China","Key Laboratory for Software Engineering of Hebei Province, Qinhuangdao, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory for Software Engineering of Hebei Province, Qinhuangdao, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.5337,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97876831,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"74","issue":"3","first_page":"3642","last_page":"3656"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9908000230789185,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12479","display_name":"Web Application Security Vulnerabilities","score":0.9890000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8063695430755615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/java","display_name":"Java","score":0.7326071262359619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5258070826530457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.4309421181678772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3326742649078369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.32693320512771606}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8063695430755615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548217200","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251","display_name":"Java","level":2,"score":0.7326071262359619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5258070826530457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.4309421181678772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3326742649078369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.32693320512771606}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tr.2024.3521381","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tr.2024.3521381","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S87725633","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Reliability","issn_l":"0018-9529","issn":["0018-9529","1558-1721"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Reliability","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4822674993","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"F2022203089","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322163","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6208503825","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"F2023203026","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322163","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7719504569","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"F2022203026","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322163","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8357833378","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62376240","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322163","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1983142587","https://openalex.org/W2011146531","https://openalex.org/W2027887391","https://openalex.org/W2092483417","https://openalex.org/W2103660000","https://openalex.org/W2113714600","https://openalex.org/W2166766372","https://openalex.org/W2781491433","https://openalex.org/W2962960733","https://openalex.org/W2976184969","https://openalex.org/W2981052583","https://openalex.org/W2985739320","https://openalex.org/W3003472398","https://openalex.org/W3008406900","https://openalex.org/W3010818808","https://openalex.org/W3014780393","https://openalex.org/W3022702682","https://openalex.org/W3033393716","https://openalex.org/W3047291452","https://openalex.org/W3081044734","https://openalex.org/W3091344552","https://openalex.org/W3094130708","https://openalex.org/W3097867666","https://openalex.org/W3119059296","https://openalex.org/W3159582237","https://openalex.org/W3166095789","https://openalex.org/W3181292541","https://openalex.org/W3187025053","https://openalex.org/W3203610772","https://openalex.org/W4200486127","https://openalex.org/W4210548407","https://openalex.org/W4224117785","https://openalex.org/W4240399292","https://openalex.org/W4294170691","https://openalex.org/W4300878468","https://openalex.org/W4312326656","https://openalex.org/W4313590979","https://openalex.org/W4313889327","https://openalex.org/W4328028966","https://openalex.org/W4364297077","https://openalex.org/W4366203278","https://openalex.org/W4381304075","https://openalex.org/W4385485199","https://openalex.org/W4391646189"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W4387369504","https://openalex.org/W3046775127","https://openalex.org/W4394896187","https://openalex.org/W3170094116","https://openalex.org/W4386462264","https://openalex.org/W3107602296","https://openalex.org/W4364306694","https://openalex.org/W4312192474"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Injection":[0],"attacks":[1],"exploit":[2],"vulnerabilities":[3,185],"in":[4,41,70,82,166,173],"how":[5],"applications":[6,85],"handle":[7],"user":[8],"input,":[9],"allowing":[10],"malicious":[11],"code":[12,73,145],"to":[13,22,53,110,150],"infiltrate":[14],"the":[15,51,90],"execution":[16],"environment":[17],"of":[18,187],"web":[19,84],"applications,":[20],"leading":[21],"severe":[23],"consequences,":[24],"such":[25,64],"as":[26,65],"data":[27,114],"leaks":[28],"and":[29,34,47,68,89,119,136,147,164,195],"system":[30,126],"crashes.":[31],"Traditional":[32],"dynamic":[33],"static":[35],"detection":[36,101],"methods":[37],"suffer":[38],"from":[39,94],"limitations":[40],"manual":[42],"rule":[43],"or":[44],"pattern":[45],"design":[46],"intraprocedural":[48],"analysis,":[49],"lacking":[50],"capability":[52],"automatically":[54],"learn":[55],"complex":[56],"features.":[57],"Meanwhile,":[58],"deep":[59],"learning":[60],"models":[61,172],"encounter":[62],"challenges,":[63],"feature":[66],"redundancy":[67,123],"inefficiency,":[69],"processing":[71],"long":[72],"sequences.":[74],"Here,":[75],"we":[76,130],"propose":[77],"a":[78,125,152],"prototype":[79],"for":[80,140],"detectingInjectionVulnerabilities":[81],"Java":[83,141],"based":[86],"onInterprocedural":[87],"analysis":[88,109],"bidirectional":[91],"encoder":[92],"representations":[93],"transformersBERT-BiLSTM-CRF":[95],"model":[96],"(IVIB),":[97],"effectively":[98],"transforming":[99],"vulnerability":[100],"into":[102],"text":[103],"sequence":[104],"annotation.":[105],"IVIB":[106,154],"employs":[107],"interprocedural":[108],"trace":[111],"complete":[112],"program":[113],"flow,":[115,117],"control":[116],"method":[118],"class":[120],"dependencies,":[121],"reducing":[122],"through":[124],"dependency":[127],"graph.":[128],"Then,":[129],"develop":[131],"intermediate":[132],"language":[133],"representation":[134],"rules":[135],"conversion":[137],"mechanisms":[138],"specifically":[139],"programs,":[142],"symbolically":[143],"representing":[144],"snippets":[146],"annotating":[148],"them":[149],"construct":[151],"corpus.":[153],"achieves":[155],"remarkable":[156],"results,":[157],"with":[158,191],"over":[159],"96%":[160],"accuracy,":[161],"precision,":[162],"recall,":[163],"F1-score":[165],"binary":[167],"classification,":[168],"surpassing":[169],"other":[170],"state-of-the-art":[171],"multiclassification":[174],"performance.":[175],"Evaluation":[176],"on":[177],"real-world":[178],"projects":[179],"demonstrates":[180],"IVIB's":[181],"effectiveness,":[182],"detecting":[183],"28":[184],"out":[186],"30":[188],"vulnerable":[189],"slices":[190],"low":[192],"false":[193,197],"positives":[194],"no":[196],"negatives.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
