{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392824843","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tr.2024.3359540","title":"Photovoltaic Inverter Failure Mechanism Estimation Using Unsupervised Machine Learning and Reliability Assessment","display_name":"Photovoltaic Inverter Failure Mechanism Estimation Using Unsupervised Machine Learning and Reliability Assessment","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-03-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392824843","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tr.2024.3359540"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tr.2024.3359540","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tr.2024.3359540","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S87725633","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Reliability","issn_l":"0018-9529","issn":["0018-9529","1558-1721"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Reliability","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/2406992","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067678526","display_name":"Sukanta Roy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6775-7727"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19700959","display_name":"Florida International University","ror":"https://ror.org/02gz6gg07","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sukanta Roy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical, Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062535350","display_name":"Shahid Tufail","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6469-015X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19700959","display_name":"Florida International University","ror":"https://ror.org/02gz6gg07","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shahid Tufail","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical, Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073778483","display_name":"Mohd Tariq","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5162-7626"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19700959","display_name":"Florida International University","ror":"https://ror.org/02gz6gg07","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohd Tariq","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical, Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010427742","display_name":"Arif I. Sarwat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1179-438X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19700959","display_name":"Florida International University","ror":"https://ror.org/02gz6gg07","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arif Sarwat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical, Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067678526"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.5636,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99113608,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"73","issue":"3","first_page":"1418","last_page":"1432"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11941","display_name":"Power System Reliability and Maintenance","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11941","display_name":"Power System Reliability and Maintenance","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10468","display_name":"Photovoltaic System Optimization Techniques","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11343","display_name":"Power Transformer Diagnostics and Insulation","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverter","display_name":"Inverter","score":0.7722809910774231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photovoltaic-system","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","score":0.756200909614563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.7286326885223389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.6989881992340088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.55186927318573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.5304514765739441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/condition-monitoring","display_name":"Condition monitoring","score":0.49864912033081055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/string","display_name":"String (physics)","score":0.49683788418769836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/degradation","display_name":"Degradation (telecommunications)","score":0.45545923709869385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.3732464909553528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.372930645942688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.24910494685173035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.1581794023513794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.12489208579063416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.08472150564193726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08322033286094666}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11190779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q664575","display_name":"Inverter","level":3,"score":0.7722809910774231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41291067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1897785","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","level":2,"score":0.756200909614563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.7286326885223389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.6989881992340088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.55186927318573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.5304514765739441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775846686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q643012","display_name":"Condition monitoring","level":2,"score":0.49864912033081055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157486923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376436","display_name":"String (physics)","level":2,"score":0.49683788418769836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779679103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5251805","display_name":"Degradation (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.45545923709869385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3732464909553528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.372930645942688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.24910494685173035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.1581794023513794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.12489208579063416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.08472150564193726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08322033286094666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tr.2024.3359540","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tr.2024.3359540","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S87725633","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Reliability","issn_l":"0018-9529","issn":["0018-9529","1558-1721"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Reliability","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:2406992","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/2406992","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:2507068","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/2507068","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:2507399","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/2507399","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:2406992","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/2406992","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.6000000238418579,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2830433148","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-EE-0009349","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1594031697","https://openalex.org/W2098759011","https://openalex.org/W2122487580","https://openalex.org/W2130216909","https://openalex.org/W2159637520","https://openalex.org/W2333012428","https://openalex.org/W2503007215","https://openalex.org/W2890403786","https://openalex.org/W2971565213","https://openalex.org/W3005448318","https://openalex.org/W3009261661","https://openalex.org/W3039220446","https://openalex.org/W3049310425","https://openalex.org/W3093826633","https://openalex.org/W3109693118","https://openalex.org/W3112151734","https://openalex.org/W3117693976","https://openalex.org/W3117818766","https://openalex.org/W3127521468","https://openalex.org/W3137629211","https://openalex.org/W3148107757","https://openalex.org/W3173493085","https://openalex.org/W3174441460","https://openalex.org/W3187098906","https://openalex.org/W3191520353","https://openalex.org/W3200552577","https://openalex.org/W3217712475","https://openalex.org/W4230242862","https://openalex.org/W4280509403","https://openalex.org/W4285184012","https://openalex.org/W4302200491","https://openalex.org/W4304202589","https://openalex.org/W4309595892","https://openalex.org/W4310449732","https://openalex.org/W4312762289","https://openalex.org/W4313889480","https://openalex.org/W4316660512","https://openalex.org/W4322624174","https://openalex.org/W4363677448","https://openalex.org/W4380761607","https://openalex.org/W6845589039"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2386968573","https://openalex.org/W2395064349","https://openalex.org/W2034374297","https://openalex.org/W2090763504","https://openalex.org/W2766130412","https://openalex.org/W2382628689","https://openalex.org/W2367891013","https://openalex.org/W2007108787","https://openalex.org/W148178222","https://openalex.org/W2375143784"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"introduces":[2],"a":[3,51,60,133,176],"data-driven":[4],"approach":[5,174],"to":[6,28,75,88,115,139,164,189],"assessing":[7],"failure":[8,104],"mechanisms":[9],"and":[10,91,99,111,179],"reliability":[11,147,168],"degradation":[12,39,47],"in":[13,38],"outdoor":[14,171,190],"photovoltaic":[15],"(PV)":[16],"string":[17,71],"inverters.":[18],"The":[19,173],"manufacturer's":[20],"stated":[21,146],"PV":[22,63,72,121,166,186],"inverter":[23,90,122,167,187],"lifetime":[24],"can":[25],"vary":[26],"due":[27],"the":[29,76,80,107,116,118,194],"impact":[30],"of":[31,95,120,148,153,196],"operating":[32],"site":[33],"conditions.":[34,172],"To":[35],"address":[36],"limitations":[37],"estimation":[40],"through":[41],"accelerated":[42],"testing,":[43],"condition":[44],"monitoring,":[45],"or":[46,129],"modeling,":[48],"we":[49,78],"propose":[50],"machine":[52,85],"learning":[53],"(ML)":[54],"oriented":[55],"approach.":[56],"Utilizing":[57,106],"data":[58],"from":[59],"1.4":[61],"MW":[62],"power":[64],"plant":[65],"operational":[66],"since":[67],"2016,":[68],"with":[69],"46":[70],"inverters":[73],"tied":[74],"grid,":[77],"employ":[79],"unsupervised":[81],"one-class":[82],"support":[83,158],"vector":[84],"ML":[86],"technique":[87],"analyze":[89],"sensor":[92],"data,":[93,142],"capable":[94],"classifying":[96],"humidity":[97],"cycling":[98],"temperature":[100],"fluctuations":[101],"as":[102,126],"dominant":[103],"mechanisms.":[105],"anomaly":[108],"alert":[109,112,141],"relationship":[110],"details":[113],"specific":[114],"inverter,":[117],"level":[119],"output":[123],"is":[124,137],"considered":[125],"its":[127],"availability":[128,195],"available":[130],"reliability.":[131],"Subsequently,":[132],"continuous":[134,154],"Markov":[135],"model":[136],"applied":[138],"six-month":[140],"revealing":[143],"an":[144],"average":[145],"20%":[149],"after":[150],"20":[151],"years":[152],"operation.":[155],"These":[156],"results":[157],"recommendations":[159],"for":[160,182],"time-bound":[161],"preventive":[162],"measures":[163],"enhance":[165],"under":[169],"diverse":[170],"provides":[175],"nondestructive,":[177],"top\u2013down,":[178],"generalized":[180],"method":[181],"analyzing":[183],"any":[184],"commercial":[185],"exposed":[188],"conditions,":[191],"contingent":[192],"on":[193],"relevant":[197],"data.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-04-02T15:55:50.835912","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
