{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3199845346","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tr.2021.3109059","title":"A Comparative Study on Reliability Analysis Methods for Safety Critical Systems Using Petri-Nets and Dynamic Flowgraph Methodology: A Case Study of Nuclear Power Plant","display_name":"A Comparative Study on Reliability Analysis Methods for Safety Critical Systems Using Petri-Nets and Dynamic Flowgraph Methodology: A Case Study of Nuclear Power Plant","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3199845346","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tr.2021.3109059","mag":"3199845346"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tr.2021.3109059","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tr.2021.3109059","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S87725633","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Reliability","issn_l":"0018-9529","issn":["0018-9529","1558-1721"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Reliability","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101833381","display_name":"Manish Tripathi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3449-9324"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162827531","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Bombay","ror":"https://ror.org/02qyf5152","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Manish Tripathi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3449-9324","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043500933","display_name":"Lalit Kumar Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0375-3414"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56404289","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology BHU","ror":"https://ror.org/01kh5gc44","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56404289"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91357014","display_name":"Banaras Hindu University","ror":"https://ror.org/04cdn2797","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91357014"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lalit Kumar Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0375-3414","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56404289","https://openalex.org/I91357014"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061754711","display_name":"Suneet Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4572-9332"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162827531","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Bombay","ror":"https://ror.org/02qyf5152","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suneet Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005787919","display_name":"Pooja Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2425-6003"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pooja Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute, Mumbai, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2425-6003","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute, Mumbai, India","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101833381"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5091,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9281079,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":"2","first_page":"564","last_page":"578"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11357","display_name":"Risk and Safety Analysis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11357","display_name":"Risk and Safety Analysis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10780","display_name":"Reliability and Maintenance Optimization","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-tree-analysis","display_name":"Fault tree analysis","score":0.880036473274231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.8012621402740479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-block-diagram","display_name":"Reliability block diagram","score":0.6945382356643677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dependability","display_name":"Dependability","score":0.6575283408164978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.6160650253295898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-chain","display_name":"Markov chain","score":0.612135112285614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5657158493995667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-model","display_name":"Markov model","score":0.5581272840499878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-petri-net","display_name":"Stochastic Petri net","score":0.5321390628814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-process","display_name":"Markov process","score":0.5100017786026001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-power-plant","display_name":"Nuclear power plant","score":0.470938116312027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/failure-mode-effects-and-criticality-analysis","display_name":"Failure mode, effects, and criticality analysis","score":0.4470137655735016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-power","display_name":"Nuclear power","score":0.4316384792327881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/petri-net","display_name":"Petri net","score":0.42838892340660095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blackout","display_name":"Blackout","score":0.4213123321533203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.37064775824546814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3187482953071594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/failure-mode-and-effects-analysis","display_name":"Failure mode and effects analysis","score":0.22915765643119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.22215616703033447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.1352660059928894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.0934896469116211}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107094494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428453","display_name":"Fault tree analysis","level":2,"score":0.880036473274231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.8012621402740479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18074226","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310986","display_name":"Reliability block diagram","level":3,"score":0.6945382356643677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77019957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2689057","display_name":"Dependability","level":2,"score":0.6575283408164978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.6160650253295898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98763669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov chain","level":2,"score":0.612135112285614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5657158493995667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163836022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6771326","display_name":"Markov model","level":3,"score":0.5581272840499878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197551870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7617809","display_name":"Stochastic Petri net","level":3,"score":0.5321390628814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.5100017786026001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779979336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134447","display_name":"Nuclear power plant","level":2,"score":0.470938116312027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30098461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909342","display_name":"Failure mode, effects, and criticality analysis","level":3,"score":0.4470137655735016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513653683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12739","display_name":"Nuclear power","level":2,"score":0.4316384792327881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38677869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q724168","display_name":"Petri net","level":2,"score":0.42838892340660095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777693866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q359099","display_name":"Blackout","level":4,"score":0.4213123321533203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.37064775824546814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3187482953071594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66283442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1389268","display_name":"Failure mode and effects analysis","level":2,"score":0.22915765643119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.22215616703033447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.1352660059928894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0934896469116211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185544564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197","display_name":"Nuclear physics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tr.2021.3109059","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tr.2021.3109059","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S87725633","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Reliability","issn_l":"0018-9529","issn":["0018-9529","1558-1721"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Reliability","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","score":0.5699999928474426}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1492134992","https://openalex.org/W1966769298","https://openalex.org/W1996109622","https://openalex.org/W2009672390","https://openalex.org/W2014033364","https://openalex.org/W2029120383","https://openalex.org/W2034002093","https://openalex.org/W2042206224","https://openalex.org/W2051053801","https://openalex.org/W2064086573","https://openalex.org/W2079154298","https://openalex.org/W2096395465","https://openalex.org/W2106659191","https://openalex.org/W2123310542","https://openalex.org/W2341532738","https://openalex.org/W2506166961","https://openalex.org/W2580494042","https://openalex.org/W2591680609","https://openalex.org/W2735429756","https://openalex.org/W2800466901","https://openalex.org/W2917802776","https://openalex.org/W2970355354","https://openalex.org/W2982685541","https://openalex.org/W3085330739","https://openalex.org/W3133387974","https://openalex.org/W3134505588","https://openalex.org/W3134947671","https://openalex.org/W6724319052"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2545617052","https://openalex.org/W2376675027","https://openalex.org/W2351385936","https://openalex.org/W2352014304","https://openalex.org/W2466009110","https://openalex.org/W4386987212","https://openalex.org/W2383854787","https://openalex.org/W2964000637","https://openalex.org/W4238588308","https://openalex.org/W2746445460"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Safety-critical":[0],"systems":[1],"(SCSs)":[2],"of":[3,30,52,119,125,146],"nuclear":[4],"power":[5],"plants":[6],"(NPPs)":[7],"are":[8,36,67,83,121,129],"being":[9,68],"designed":[10],"and":[11,27,38,56,79,108],"developed":[12,69],"to":[13,43,70,89,132],"meet":[14],"high":[15],"dependability":[16],"requirements.":[17],"Fault":[18],"tree":[19],"analysis":[20,29],"(FTA)":[21],"is":[22,48,138],"widely":[23],"used":[24,95],"for":[25,96,111,116],"risk":[26],"reliability":[28,65,86,114],"NPPs.":[31],"However,":[32],"fault":[33],"trees":[34],"(FTs)":[35],"static":[37],"have":[39],"only":[40],"limited":[41],"capability":[42],"represent":[44],"dynamic":[45,80,85],"systems.":[46],"FTA":[47],"also":[49],"not":[50],"capable":[51],"modeling":[53],"non-binary":[54],"logic":[55],"or":[57],"modelling":[58],"the":[59,84,97,112,117,126,133,152],"system's":[60],"evolution":[61],"in":[62],"time.":[63],"Dynamic":[64],"methods":[66,87],"deal":[71],"with":[72],"such":[73],"limitations.":[74],"Time":[75,104],"series":[76,105],"Markov":[77,106],"chains":[78,107],"flowgraph":[81],"methodology":[82],"alternate":[88],"traditional":[90,134],"FTA,":[91],"which":[92],"can":[93],"be":[94],"system":[98,113,145],"performance":[99],"analysis.":[100],"In":[101],"this":[102],"article,":[103],"DFM":[109],"methods,":[110],"predictions":[115],"SCS":[118],"NPP":[120],"compared.":[122],"The":[123,136],"benefits":[124],"proposed":[127],"method":[128],"brought":[130],"out":[131],"methods.":[135],"approach":[137],"applied":[139],"on":[140],"passive":[141],"residual":[142],"heat":[143],"removal":[144],"pressurized":[147],"heavy":[148],"water":[149],"reactor":[150],"under":[151],"station":[153],"blackout":[154],"scenario.":[155]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
