{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3169282496","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tr.2021.3074512","title":"MULA: A Just-In-Time Multi-labeling System for Issue Reports","display_name":"MULA: A Just-In-Time Multi-labeling System for Issue Reports","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3169282496","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tr.2021.3074512","mag":"3169282496"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tr.2021.3074512","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tr.2021.3074512","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S87725633","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Reliability","issn_l":"0018-9529","issn":["0018-9529","1558-1721"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Reliability","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100746280","display_name":"Xiaoyuan Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2828-7165"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyuan Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2828-7165","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088361272","display_name":"Yuhui Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4617-034X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuhui Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4617-034X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077331062","display_name":"Songqiang Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1220-8728"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Songqiang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1220-8728","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100443798","display_name":"Lin Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2352-2226"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2352-2226","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002360773","display_name":"Jifeng Xuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2968-3496"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jifeng Xuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2968-3496","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100331400","display_name":"Baowen Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7743-1296"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baowen Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100746280"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.1322,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92583688,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":"1","first_page":"250","last_page":"263"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8197535872459412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.7574710845947266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/categorization","display_name":"Categorization","score":0.7542703747749329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.7148576378822327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.678231418132782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5068598389625549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.43812960386276245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/text-categorization","display_name":"Text categorization","score":0.4285222887992859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.42322802543640137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.40165501832962036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.395752489566803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.3470883369445801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.07256418466567993}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8197535872459412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.7574710845947266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94124525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q912550","display_name":"Categorization","level":2,"score":0.7542703747749329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.7148576378822327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.678231418132782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5068598389625549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.43812960386276245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986744138","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q302088","display_name":"Text categorization","level":3,"score":0.4285222887992859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.42322802543640137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.40165501832962036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.395752489566803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.3470883369445801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07256418466567993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tr.2021.3074512","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tr.2021.3074512","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S87725633","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Reliability","issn_l":"0018-9529","issn":["0018-9529","1558-1721"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Reliability","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1276726121","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61972289","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1884936576","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61832009","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3639745943","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61872177","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G374735950","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61772263","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5218476703","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61872273","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1832693441","https://openalex.org/W1968020518","https://openalex.org/W1978365593","https://openalex.org/W2031237011","https://openalex.org/W2035556892","https://openalex.org/W2047950174","https://openalex.org/W2075924051","https://openalex.org/W2101234009","https://openalex.org/W2136848157","https://openalex.org/W2250539671","https://openalex.org/W2290968742","https://openalex.org/W2293634267","https://openalex.org/W2296444013","https://openalex.org/W2403731899","https://openalex.org/W2493916176","https://openalex.org/W2516558848","https://openalex.org/W2560436489","https://openalex.org/W2570487166","https://openalex.org/W2588482014","https://openalex.org/W2600995917","https://openalex.org/W2767245172","https://openalex.org/W2768656507","https://openalex.org/W2772825062","https://openalex.org/W2774634515","https://openalex.org/W2791434646","https://openalex.org/W2808393507","https://openalex.org/W2896903901","https://openalex.org/W2900890308","https://openalex.org/W2912218607","https://openalex.org/W2943428708","https://openalex.org/W2945943337","https://openalex.org/W2963626623","https://openalex.org/W2967238278","https://openalex.org/W2993034258","https://openalex.org/W2993452100","https://openalex.org/W3009111612","https://openalex.org/W3086800606","https://openalex.org/W3101622575","https://openalex.org/W4241025692","https://openalex.org/W6675354045","https://openalex.org/W6731031554","https://openalex.org/W6752554729","https://openalex.org/W6759056116","https://openalex.org/W6766786033","https://openalex.org/W6770299293"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2047139419","https://openalex.org/W2360898036","https://openalex.org/W2390857744","https://openalex.org/W2133651098","https://openalex.org/W2390698788","https://openalex.org/W2951187577","https://openalex.org/W2078570174","https://openalex.org/W2383063829","https://openalex.org/W2138922887","https://openalex.org/W2035261173"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"very":[1,36],"important":[2],"function":[3],"of":[4,113,150],"an":[5,39,155],"issue":[6,14,40,85],"tracking":[7],"system":[8],"is":[9,35,117],"to":[10,13,24,27,62,84],"assign":[11],"labels":[12,83],"reports,":[15],"such":[16],"as":[17,98,152,154],"bug,":[18],"feature,":[19],"enhancement,":[20],"etc.,":[21],"in":[22,67],"order":[23],"categorize":[25],"issues":[26,127],"facilitate":[28],"various":[29],"development":[30],"activities.":[31],"In":[32],"practice,":[33],"it":[34],"common":[37],"that":[38,146,157],"has":[41],"multiple":[42,82],"labels.":[43],"However,":[44],"current":[45],"works":[46],"are":[47,54],"mainly":[48],"based":[49,128],"on":[50,129],"single-label":[51],"prediction,":[52],"which":[53,77],"not":[55],"suitable":[56],"for":[57,102,123],"just-in-time":[58,74],"multi-labeling":[59,125],"services,":[60],"due":[61],"the":[63,99,111,118,148],"low":[64],"efficiency.":[65],"Therefore,":[66],"this":[68,103,116],"paper,":[69],"we":[70],"propose":[71],"MULA,":[72,151],"a":[73,90,107,134],"MUlti-LAbeling":[75],"system,":[76],"learns":[78],"and":[79,95,105,121,164],"automatically":[80],"assigns":[81],"reports.":[86],"We":[87,132],"have":[88],"built":[89],"dataset":[91],"with":[92,140],"81,601":[93],"entries":[94],"11":[96],"labels,":[97],"first":[100,119],"benchmark":[101],"task,":[104],"implemented":[106],"GitHub":[108,126],"app.":[109],"To":[110],"best":[112],"our":[114],"knowledge,":[115],"work":[120],"tool":[122],"online":[124],"their":[130],"categories.":[131],"conduct":[133],"comprehensive":[135],"empirical":[136],"study,":[137],"including":[138],"comparisons":[139],"five":[141],"commonly":[142],"adopted":[143],"labeling":[144],"models":[145],"show":[147],"superiority":[149],"well":[153],"evaluation":[156],"shows":[158],"high":[159],"consistency":[160],"between":[161],"MULA\u2019s":[162],"suggestions":[163],"developers\u2019":[165],"opinions.":[166]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}