{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4253622475","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tr.2021.3061618","title":"The Impact of Duplicate Changes on Just-in-Time Defect Prediction","display_name":"The Impact of Duplicate Changes on Just-in-Time Defect Prediction","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4253622475","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tr.2021.3061618"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tr.2021.3061618","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tr.2021.3061618","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S87725633","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Reliability","issn_l":"0018-9529","issn":["0018-9529","1558-1721"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Reliability","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103070020","display_name":"Ruifeng Duan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92403157","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/02egmk993","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ruifeng Duan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Communication Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China","Yunhe (Henan) Information Technology Company Ltd., Zhengzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0192-5852","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Communication Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yunhe (Henan) Information Technology Company Ltd., Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010709690","display_name":"Haitao Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3664-3097"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92403157","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/02egmk993","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haitao Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Communication Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3664-3097","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Communication Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043400199","display_name":"Yuanrui Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5234-0152"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168879160","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05mx0wr29","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanrui Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5234-0152","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070783668","display_name":"Meng Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9538-9121"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meng Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Big Data and Software Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Big Data and Software Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103070020"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9909,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89614496,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":"3","first_page":"1294","last_page":"1308"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11675","display_name":"Open Source Software Innovations","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9829999804496765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5637497305870056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/predictive-modelling","display_name":"Predictive modelling","score":0.5285512208938599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.43774041533470154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-bug","display_name":"Software bug","score":0.42713138461112976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-source-software","display_name":"Open source software","score":0.42059820890426636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretation","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","score":0.41615164279937744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.41519659757614136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.3815156817436218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.34438252449035645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.22563248872756958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.22212088108062744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1841714084148407}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5637497305870056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45804977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239673","display_name":"Predictive modelling","level":2,"score":0.5285512208938599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.43774041533470154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1009929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179550","display_name":"Software bug","level":3,"score":0.42713138461112976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988343187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130645","display_name":"Open source software","level":3,"score":0.42059820890426636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527412718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855395","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.41615164279937744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.41519659757614136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.3815156817436218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.34438252449035645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.22563248872756958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.22212088108062744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1841714084148407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tr.2021.3061618","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tr.2021.3061618","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S87725633","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Reliability","issn_l":"0018-9529","issn":["0018-9529","1558-1721"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Reliability","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4099999964237213,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3504891293","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020CDJQY-A021","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5142711491","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62002034","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8708382501","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020CDCGRJ072","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1555168845","https://openalex.org/W1655956671","https://openalex.org/W1902482618","https://openalex.org/W1989354793","https://openalex.org/W1993555269","https://openalex.org/W1999830936","https://openalex.org/W2006407062","https://openalex.org/W2007705030","https://openalex.org/W2019348938","https://openalex.org/W2023915570","https://openalex.org/W2096451472","https://openalex.org/W2099454382","https://openalex.org/W2105400090","https://openalex.org/W2105776892","https://openalex.org/W2107432340","https://openalex.org/W2129164226","https://openalex.org/W2140785063","https://openalex.org/W2147386665","https://openalex.org/W2150874999","https://openalex.org/W2151666086","https://openalex.org/W2157353183","https://openalex.org/W2158744032","https://openalex.org/W2172232422","https://openalex.org/W2276400542","https://openalex.org/W2312398278","https://openalex.org/W2394841101","https://openalex.org/W2408181256","https://openalex.org/W2474835145","https://openalex.org/W2530824252","https://openalex.org/W2548915941","https://openalex.org/W2594132308","https://openalex.org/W2599212561","https://openalex.org/W2729440153","https://openalex.org/W2767894374","https://openalex.org/W2792047600","https://openalex.org/W2796283679","https://openalex.org/W2805001156","https://openalex.org/W2808113972","https://openalex.org/W2888756142","https://openalex.org/W2909172538","https://openalex.org/W2955991060","https://openalex.org/W2963520355","https://openalex.org/W2963548617","https://openalex.org/W2964279097","https://openalex.org/W2990257819","https://openalex.org/W2995076668","https://openalex.org/W3009761259","https://openalex.org/W3036631744","https://openalex.org/W3104993042","https://openalex.org/W3106142244","https://openalex.org/W3144106047","https://openalex.org/W4243379839","https://openalex.org/W4252684946","https://openalex.org/W4292167911","https://openalex.org/W6747905586"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3183204001","https://openalex.org/W4327743144","https://openalex.org/W4388567440","https://openalex.org/W4386782890","https://openalex.org/W4313320911","https://openalex.org/W2607424049","https://openalex.org/W4245077728","https://openalex.org/W3158675493","https://openalex.org/W3216967183","https://openalex.org/W2022585969"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recently,":[0],"just-in-time":[1],"(JIT)":[2],"defect":[3,13,35,81,93,142,177,194,244],"prediction":[4,94,178,195,245],"technique":[5],"attracted":[6],"a":[7,52,101,133,167],"lot":[8],"of":[9,33,54,68,88,103,118,146,159,175,192,219,235,242],"attention.":[10],"In":[11,83,161],"JIT":[12,34,80,92,141,176,193,243],"prediction,":[14],"all":[15,44],"branches":[16,122],"and":[17,72,173,214],"omitting":[18],"changes":[19,42,55,63,90,106,119,131,151,165,182,229,234],"outside":[20],"the":[21,31,45,66,76,86,126,137,147,153,163,171,184,190,209,217,231,240],"main":[22],"branch":[23],"should":[24,226],"be":[25],"considered":[26,74],"which":[27,47],"can":[28,64,187],"significantly":[29,188],"affect":[30],"performance":[32,191,204,241],"prediction.":[36,82,143],"However,":[37],"there":[38],"are":[39,48,73,123],"many":[40],"duplicate":[41,89,124,130,150,164,181,220,228],"among":[43,125,183],"branches,":[46],"referred":[49],"to":[50,200],"as":[51,75],"pair":[53],"with":[56,156],"identical":[57],"implementation":[58],"in":[59,247],"different":[60,121],"branches.":[61],"Such":[62],"influence":[65,135],"calculation":[67],"developer":[69],"experience":[70,154],"metrics":[71,139,155],"noisy":[77],"data":[78],"for":[79,140],"this":[84],"article,":[85],"impact":[87,169,218],"on":[91,100,136,170],"is":[95,112],"explored.":[96],"An":[97],"empirical":[98],"study":[99],"total":[102],"105":[104],"828":[105],"from":[107,120,198,230],"eight":[108],"Apache":[109],"open-source":[110],"projects":[111,186],"given.":[113],"We":[114],"find":[115],"that":[116,224],"13%":[117],"studied":[127,185],"projects.":[128],"The":[129],"have":[132,166],"great":[134],"model":[138],"For":[144],"50%":[145],"changes,":[148,221],"removing":[149],"decreases":[152],"an":[157],"average":[158],"6\u201355.":[160],"addition,":[162],"significant":[168],"evaluation":[172],"interpretation":[174],"models.":[179],"Removing":[180],"improve":[189],"models":[196,246],"ranging":[197],"1":[199],"125%":[201],"concerning":[202],"various":[203],"measures":[205],"(i.e.,":[206],"area":[207],"under":[208],"curve,":[210],"Matthews":[211],"correlation":[212],"coefficient,":[213],"F1).":[215],"Given":[216],"we":[222],"suggest":[223],"researchers":[225],"remove":[227],"original":[232],"historical":[233],"software":[236],"repository":[237],"when":[238],"evaluating":[239],"future":[248],"work.":[249]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-07T13:39:58.223016","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}