{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2995340752","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tr.2019.2956690","title":"Understanding the Evolution of Android App Vulnerabilities","display_name":"Understanding the Evolution of Android App Vulnerabilities","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-12-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2995340752","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tr.2019.2956690","mag":"2995340752"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tr.2019.2956690","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tr.2019.2956690","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S87725633","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Reliability","issn_l":"0018-9529","issn":["0018-9529","1558-1721"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Reliability","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://orbilu.uni.lu/handle/10993/41509","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045960682","display_name":"Jun Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3864-5926"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3864-5926","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106407830","display_name":"Li Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2990-1614"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56590836","display_name":"Monash University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bfwt286","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2990-1614","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046243569","display_name":"Pingfan Kong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4479-0775"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pingfan Kong","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4479-0775","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082835974","display_name":"Tegawend\u00e9 F. Bissyand\u00e9","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7270-9869"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tegawende F. Bissyande","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7270-9869","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040326968","display_name":"Jacques Klein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4052-475X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jacques Klein","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4052-475X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.0097,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":57,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96251217,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":"1","first_page":"212","last_page":"230"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9912999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/android","display_name":"Android (operating system)","score":0.8585042953491211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.7794128656387329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.7042985558509827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6749941110610962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/android-malware","display_name":"Android malware","score":0.5343536138534546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4669787585735321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.4100016951560974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.40623751282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.3707863688468933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.1454029679298401}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557433098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94","display_name":"Android (operating system)","level":2,"score":0.8585042953491211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.7794128656387329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.7042985558509827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6749941110610962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989133298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94","display_name":"Android malware","level":3,"score":0.5343536138534546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4669787585735321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4100016951560974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.40623751282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.3707863688468933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.1454029679298401}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tr.2019.2956690","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tr.2019.2956690","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S87725633","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Reliability","issn_l":"0018-9529","issn":["0018-9529","1558-1721"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Reliability","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:orbilu.uni.lu:10993/41509","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://orbilu.uni.lu/handle/10993/41509","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401815","display_name":"Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Luxembourg)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","host_organization_name":"University of Luxembourg","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Reliability (2020)","raw_type":"peer reviewed"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:orbilu.uni.lu:10993/41509","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://orbilu.uni.lu/handle/10993/41509","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401815","display_name":"Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Luxembourg)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","host_organization_name":"University of Luxembourg","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Reliability (2020)","raw_type":"peer reviewed"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2430667698","display_name":"Values-oriented Defect Fixing for Mobile Software Applications","funder_award_id":"DP200100020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","funder_display_name":"Australian Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2881626213","display_name":"Enabling Compatible and Secure Mobile Apps via Automated Program Repair","funder_award_id":"DE200100016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","funder_display_name":"Australian Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","display_name":"Australian Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05mmh0f86"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":126,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W36948825","https://openalex.org/W81879861","https://openalex.org/W87210284","https://openalex.org/W124941384","https://openalex.org/W1452942402","https://openalex.org/W1483161216","https://openalex.org/W1505465226","https://openalex.org/W1562658564","https://openalex.org/W1690897205","https://openalex.org/W1849042743","https://openalex.org/W1849243243","https://openalex.org/W1912565424","https://openalex.org/W1963971515","https://openalex.org/W1974001800","https://openalex.org/W1979931683","https://openalex.org/W1986480799","https://openalex.org/W1988036170","https://openalex.org/W1990297162","https://openalex.org/W1994588724","https://openalex.org/W1998341327","https://openalex.org/W2000159976","https://openalex.org/W2003276999","https://openalex.org/W2017977879","https://openalex.org/W2022429945","https://openalex.org/W2037191245","https://openalex.org/W2045057497","https://openalex.org/W2045749853","https://openalex.org/W2046159847","https://openalex.org/W2047650489","https://openalex.org/W2054535568","https://openalex.org/W2057726290","https://openalex.org/W2059610428","https://openalex.org/W2060537671","https://openalex.org/W2060692877","https://openalex.org/W2061533417","https://openalex.org/W2067364868","https://openalex.org/W2071536101","https://openalex.org/W2077202047","https://openalex.org/W2077667328","https://openalex.org/W2088983597","https://openalex.org/W2094245295","https://openalex.org/W2099607071","https://openalex.org/W2101720091","https://openalex.org/W2102197271","https://openalex.org/W2103370348","https://openalex.org/W2106919779","https://openalex.org/W2112736324","https://openalex.org/W2117065827","https://openalex.org/W2125011234","https://openalex.org/W2128780139","https://openalex.org/W2134716394","https://openalex.org/W2138124253","https://openalex.org/W2145994642","https://openalex.org/W2146752727","https://openalex.org/W2164539435","https://openalex.org/W2166381878","https://openalex.org/W2166743230","https://openalex.org/W2167661907","https://openalex.org/W2170594979","https://openalex.org/W2180474751","https://openalex.org/W2248426850","https://openalex.org/W2264131323","https://openalex.org/W2273325114","https://openalex.org/W2286924183","https://openalex.org/W2289508129","https://openalex.org/W2363641085","https://openalex.org/W2398354233","https://openalex.org/W2398484989","https://openalex.org/W2399762640","https://openalex.org/W2407313496","https://openalex.org/W2471986960","https://openalex.org/W2480954553","https://openalex.org/W2488579949","https://openalex.org/W2509304370","https://openalex.org/W2519432340","https://openalex.org/W2529696250","https://openalex.org/W2532717356","https://openalex.org/W2533383364","https://openalex.org/W2533703061","https://openalex.org/W2559490865","https://openalex.org/W2572070369","https://openalex.org/W2575599800","https://openalex.org/W2593474785","https://openalex.org/W2595917859","https://openalex.org/W2605404816","https://openalex.org/W2617476279","https://openalex.org/W2625739732","https://openalex.org/W2693129777","https://openalex.org/W2725004715","https://openalex.org/W2730608559","https://openalex.org/W2736179236","https://openalex.org/W2742429299","https://openalex.org/W2752052041","https://openalex.org/W2766106797","https://openalex.org/W2767371019","https://openalex.org/W2767857768","https://openalex.org/W2770813333","https://openalex.org/W2773762334","https://openalex.org/W2853432192","https://openalex.org/W2885478807","https://openalex.org/W2900890308","https://openalex.org/W2921013737","https://openalex.org/W3099168646","https://openalex.org/W3124402312","https://openalex.org/W3147903118","https://openalex.org/W4238011405","https://openalex.org/W4239799938","https://openalex.org/W4244726870","https://openalex.org/W4245027182","https://openalex.org/W4245089706","https://openalex.org/W4245913081","https://openalex.org/W4251541794","https://openalex.org/W6603356336","https://openalex.org/W6603519848","https://openalex.org/W6630065895","https://openalex.org/W6633755744","https://openalex.org/W6640059210","https://openalex.org/W6668642437","https://openalex.org/W6669987511","https://openalex.org/W6675116447","https://openalex.org/W6683446420","https://openalex.org/W6691502292","https://openalex.org/W6712745783","https://openalex.org/W6743915909","https://openalex.org/W6747290939","https://openalex.org/W6950634713"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966145327","https://openalex.org/W2906845177","https://openalex.org/W2114381667","https://openalex.org/W4200107511","https://openalex.org/W2560361988","https://openalex.org/W2891427086","https://openalex.org/W2507113366","https://openalex.org/W1968625315","https://openalex.org/W2717179875","https://openalex.org/W4249118297"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"Android":[1,59,70,167,182],"ecosystem":[2],"today":[3],"is":[4,31,124],"a":[5,9,23,80,89,101,112,118,141,154,193,272],"growing":[6],"universe":[7],"of":[8,14,16,20,26,36,40,44,55,63,83,91,114,157,166,179,195,224],"few":[10],"billion":[11],"devices,":[12],"hundreds":[13],"millions":[15,19],"users":[17],"and":[18,33,38,108,136,169,209,240,268,288,295],"applications":[21],"targeting":[22,58],"wide":[24],"range":[25],"activities":[27],"where":[28,236],"sensitive":[29],"information":[30],"collected":[32],"processed.":[34],"Security":[35],"communication":[37],"privacy":[39],"data":[41,155,252],"are":[42,53,226,230,238],"thus":[43],"utmost":[45],"importance":[46],"in":[47,68,106,140,232],"application":[48],"development.":[49],"Yet,":[50],"regularly,":[51],"there":[52],"reports":[54,213],"successful":[56],"attacks":[57,65],"users.":[60],"While":[61],"some":[62],"those":[64],"exploit":[66],"vulnerabilities":[67,131,225],"the":[69,115,122,180,212,233,250,256,262,276],"operating":[71],"system,":[72],"others":[73],"directly":[74],"concern":[75],"application-level":[76],"code":[77],"written":[78],"by":[79,152,215,255,282,289],"large":[81],"pool":[82],"developers":[84,283],"with":[85,184],"varying":[86],"experience.":[87],"Recently,":[88],"number":[90],"studies":[92,128],"have":[93,132],"investigated":[94],"this":[95,150],"phenomenon,":[96],"focusing,":[97],"however,":[98],"only":[99,111],"on":[100,110,200,249],"specific":[102],"vulnerability":[103,293],"type":[104],"appearing":[105],"apps,":[107,168],"based":[109,248],"snapshot":[113],"situation":[116],"at":[117],"given":[119],"time.":[120],"Thus,":[121],"community":[123],"still":[125],"lacking":[126],"comprehensive":[127],"exploring":[129],"how":[130,137,228],"evolved":[133],"over":[134],"time,":[135],"they":[138,229,237,242],"evolve":[139],"single":[142],"app":[143,160,174,188,202,234],"across":[144],"developer":[145],"updates.":[146],"Our":[147,266],"work":[148],"fills":[149],"gap":[151],"leveraging":[153],"stream":[156],"5":[158],"million":[159],"packages":[161],"to":[162,192,275,284,291],"reconstruct":[163],"versioned":[164],"lineages":[165,175],"finally,":[170],"obtained":[171],"28":[172],"564":[173],"(i.e.,":[176],"successive":[177],"releases":[178],"same":[181],"apps)":[183],"more":[185],"than":[186],"ten":[187],"versions":[189],"each,":[190],"corresponding":[191],"total":[194],"465":[196],"037":[197],"apks.":[198],"Based":[199],"these":[201],"lineages,":[203],"we":[204,220,259],"apply":[205],"state-of-the-art":[206],"vulnerability-finding":[207],"tools":[208],"investigate":[210],"systematically":[211],"produced":[214],"each":[216],"tool.":[217],"In":[218],"particular,":[219],"study":[221,269],"which":[222],"types":[223],"found,":[227],"introduced":[231],"code,":[235],"located,":[239],"whether":[241],"foreshadow":[243],"malware.":[244],"We":[245],"provide":[246],"insights":[247],"quantitative":[251],"as":[253],"reported":[254],"tools,":[257],"but":[258],"further":[260],"discuss":[261],"potential":[263],"false":[264],"positives.":[265],"findings":[267],"artifacts":[270],"constitute":[271],"tangible":[273],"knowledge":[274],"community.":[277],"It":[278],"could":[279],"be":[280],"leveraged":[281],"focus":[285],"verification":[286],"tasks,":[287],"researchers":[290],"drive":[292],"discovery":[294],"repair":[296],"research":[297],"efforts.":[298]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-22T08:00:12.763002","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
