{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2996365183","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tr.2019.2956120","title":"Hierarchically Localizing Software Faults Using DNN","display_name":"Hierarchically Localizing Software Faults Using DNN","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-12-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2996365183","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tr.2019.2956120","mag":"2996365183"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tr.2019.2956120","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tr.2019.2956120","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S87725633","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Reliability","issn_l":"0018-9529","issn":["0018-9529","1558-1721"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Reliability","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024374228","display_name":"Arpita Dutta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7887-3264"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145894827","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur","ror":"https://ror.org/03w5sq511","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arpita Dutta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7887-3264","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070674255","display_name":"Richa Manral","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145894827","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur","ror":"https://ror.org/03w5sq511","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richa Manral","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032809289","display_name":"Pabitra Mitra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1908-9813"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145894827","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur","ror":"https://ror.org/03w5sq511","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pabitra Mitra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105166983","display_name":"Rajib Mall","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145894827","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur","ror":"https://ror.org/03w5sq511","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rajib Mall","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.8794,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94506085,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"69","issue":"4","first_page":"1267","last_page":"1292"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.6526581645011902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6454165577888489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault","display_name":"Fault (geology)","score":0.6088154911994934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.5257906913757324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.4967556595802307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extension","display_name":"Extension (predicate logic)","score":0.4876083433628082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4605101943016052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.44146841764450073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3821932375431061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.32034480571746826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.1690746545791626}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6526581645011902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6454165577888489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.6088154911994934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.5257906913757324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4967556595802307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778029271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421931","display_name":"Extension (predicate logic)","level":2,"score":0.4876083433628082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4605101943016052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.44146841764450073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3821932375431061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.32034480571746826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.1690746545791626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tr.2019.2956120","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tr.2019.2956120","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S87725633","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Reliability","issn_l":"0018-9529","issn":["0018-9529","1558-1721"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Reliability","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":72,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W78747592","https://openalex.org/W99175238","https://openalex.org/W303139982","https://openalex.org/W1494161293","https://openalex.org/W1575308494","https://openalex.org/W1576123718","https://openalex.org/W1595740553","https://openalex.org/W1602921877","https://openalex.org/W1805937750","https://openalex.org/W1843474218","https://openalex.org/W1964962870","https://openalex.org/W1979277605","https://openalex.org/W1984248430","https://openalex.org/W1988755690","https://openalex.org/W2010833880","https://openalex.org/W2013655083","https://openalex.org/W2018430492","https://openalex.org/W2025440555","https://openalex.org/W2036196659","https://openalex.org/W2039722350","https://openalex.org/W2045428103","https://openalex.org/W2047836084","https://openalex.org/W2058547057","https://openalex.org/W2068931667","https://openalex.org/W2070249305","https://openalex.org/W2083796365","https://openalex.org/W2092742242","https://openalex.org/W2101819268","https://openalex.org/W2110019745","https://openalex.org/W2110066339","https://openalex.org/W2117130368","https://openalex.org/W2123659430","https://openalex.org/W2124068357","https://openalex.org/W2127851059","https://openalex.org/W2129054072","https://openalex.org/W2130359903","https://openalex.org/W2136568800","https://openalex.org/W2138084992","https://openalex.org/W2139664301","https://openalex.org/W2157939439","https://openalex.org/W2159949130","https://openalex.org/W2162045655","https://openalex.org/W2163499368","https://openalex.org/W2166007208","https://openalex.org/W2170224888","https://openalex.org/W2293624369","https://openalex.org/W2295857493","https://openalex.org/W2296669295","https://openalex.org/W2308071406","https://openalex.org/W2343875716","https://openalex.org/W2344949959","https://openalex.org/W2405921312","https://openalex.org/W2408267940","https://openalex.org/W2620081107","https://openalex.org/W2752746494","https://openalex.org/W2771289545","https://openalex.org/W2808602074","https://openalex.org/W2886759516","https://openalex.org/W2921022558","https://openalex.org/W4241947695","https://openalex.org/W4243127898","https://openalex.org/W4256251415","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6610773549","https://openalex.org/W6629546149","https://openalex.org/W6638586670","https://openalex.org/W6656798665","https://openalex.org/W6659553708","https://openalex.org/W6667432986","https://openalex.org/W6698240980","https://openalex.org/W6713949399","https://openalex.org/W6713967520"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2075768550","https://openalex.org/W3022218857","https://openalex.org/W2369178846","https://openalex.org/W2082716031","https://openalex.org/W2370289839","https://openalex.org/W1568049691","https://openalex.org/W2581850242","https://openalex.org/W2321004070","https://openalex.org/W952723542","https://openalex.org/W2372829958"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"article,":[2],"we":[3,17],"propose":[4],"a":[5,11,22,58],"hierarchical":[6],"fault":[7,31,61,139],"localization":[8,62,140],"technique":[9],"using":[10],"deep":[12],"neural":[13,83],"network":[14,84],"(DNN).":[15],"First,":[16],"prioritize":[18],"the":[19,30,38,44,64,68,72,75,87,105],"functions":[20,77],"of":[21,46,71,74],"program":[23],"based":[24],"on":[25,132],"their":[26],"suspiciousness":[27],"score.":[28],"Subsequently,":[29,67],"is":[32,48,78],"localized":[33],"to":[34,56,80,85,95,128,137],"specific":[35],"statements":[36,73],"within":[37],"top":[39],"k":[40,47],"suspected":[41],"functions,":[42],"where":[43],"value":[45],"determined":[49],"heuristically.":[50],"We":[51,90],"use":[52],"two":[53],"function-level":[54],"features":[55],"train":[57,81],"DNN":[59],"for":[60,98],"at":[63],"function":[65],"level.":[66],"invocation":[69],"information":[70],"top-k":[76],"used":[79],"another":[82],"localize":[86],"faulty":[88],"statement.":[89],"also":[91],"report":[92],"an":[93,133],"extension":[94],"our":[96,122],"approach":[97,124],"localizing":[99],"multiple":[100],"faults.":[101,116],"This":[102],"involves":[103],"partitioning":[104],"failed":[106],"test":[107],"cases":[108],"into":[109],"clusters":[110],"such":[111],"that":[112,121],"they":[113],"target":[114],"different":[115],"Our":[117],"empirical":[118],"evaluation":[119],"indicates":[120],"proposed":[123],"requires":[125],"examining":[126],"30.05":[127],"50.74%":[129],"less":[130],"code":[131],"average,":[134],"as":[135],"compared":[136],"related":[138],"techniques.":[141]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}