{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2949009804","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tr.2019.2916204","title":"An Empirical Study of Fault Triggers in the Linux Operating System: An Evolutionary Perspective","display_name":"An Empirical Study of Fault Triggers in the Linux Operating System: An Evolutionary Perspective","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-06-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2949009804","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tr.2019.2916204","mag":"2949009804"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tr.2019.2916204","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tr.2019.2916204","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S87725633","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Reliability","issn_l":"0018-9529","issn":["0018-9529","1558-1721"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Reliability","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037210751","display_name":"Guanping Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9419-4058"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guanping Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation\u00a0\u2009Science\u00a0\u2009and\u00a0\u2009Electrical\u00a0\u2009Engineering, Beihang\u00a0\u2009University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9419-4058","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation\u00a0\u2009Science\u00a0\u2009and\u00a0\u2009Electrical\u00a0\u2009Engineering, Beihang\u00a0\u2009University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100459073","display_name":"Zheng Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7922-9067"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheng Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation\u00a0\u2009Science\u00a0\u2009and\u00a0\u2009Electrical\u00a0\u2009Engineering, Beihang\u00a0\u2009University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7922-9067","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation\u00a0\u2009Science\u00a0\u2009and\u00a0\u2009Electrical\u00a0\u2009Engineering, Beihang\u00a0\u2009University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036071851","display_name":"Beibei Yin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Beibei Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation\u00a0\u2009Science\u00a0\u2009and\u00a0\u2009Electrical\u00a0\u2009Engineering, Beihang\u00a0\u2009University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation\u00a0\u2009Science\u00a0\u2009and\u00a0\u2009Electrical\u00a0\u2009Engineering, Beihang\u00a0\u2009University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036851432","display_name":"Kishor S. Trivedi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7396-6330"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kishor S. Trivedi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7396-6330","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052171951","display_name":"Xiaoting Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1609-0480"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoting Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation\u00a0\u2009Science\u00a0\u2009and\u00a0\u2009Electrical\u00a0\u2009Engineering, Beihang\u00a0\u2009University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation\u00a0\u2009Science\u00a0\u2009and\u00a0\u2009Electrical\u00a0\u2009Engineering, Beihang\u00a0\u2009University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103991023","display_name":"Kai\u2010Yuan Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5206-3933"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai-Yuan Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation\u00a0\u2009Science\u00a0\u2009and\u00a0\u2009Electrical\u00a0\u2009Engineering, Beihang\u00a0\u2009University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation\u00a0\u2009Science\u00a0\u2009and\u00a0\u2009Electrical\u00a0\u2009Engineering, Beihang\u00a0\u2009University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.29,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95833606,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"68","issue":"4","first_page":"1356","last_page":"1383"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linux-kernel","display_name":"Linux kernel","score":0.6776771545410156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6513463854789734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/betweenness-centrality","display_name":"Betweenness centrality","score":0.6466360688209534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-bug","display_name":"Software bug","score":0.63287353515625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-maintenance","display_name":"Software maintenance","score":0.5831546783447266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-research","display_name":"Empirical research","score":0.5485310554504395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/closeness","display_name":"Closeness","score":0.5244667530059814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regression-testing","display_name":"Regression testing","score":0.5209985375404358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.49826979637145996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-regression","display_name":"Software regression","score":0.4534497559070587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-evolution","display_name":"Software evolution","score":0.44171157479286194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maintenance-engineering","display_name":"Maintenance engineering","score":0.4221467971801758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.35845130681991577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.34668105840682983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.3262234330177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-quality","display_name":"Software quality","score":0.30755579471588135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.2976786494255066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-system","display_name":"Software system","score":0.29489290714263916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.20143342018127441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.16399726271629333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16368260979652405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.14670228958129883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08669820427894592}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C553261973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14579","display_name":"Linux kernel","level":2,"score":0.6776771545410156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6513463854789734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117045392","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4899215","display_name":"Betweenness centrality","level":3,"score":0.6466360688209534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1009929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179550","display_name":"Software bug","level":3,"score":0.63287353515625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101317890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q940053","display_name":"Software maintenance","level":4,"score":0.5831546783447266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.5485310554504395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779545769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5135364","display_name":"Closeness","level":2,"score":0.5244667530059814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161821725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q917415","display_name":"Regression testing","level":5,"score":0.5209985375404358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.49826979637145996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191727507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24346","display_name":"Software regression","level":5,"score":0.4534497559070587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202105479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q265013","display_name":"Software evolution","level":5,"score":0.44171157479286194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23725684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q616377","display_name":"Maintenance engineering","level":2,"score":0.4221467971801758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.35845130681991577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.34668105840682983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.3262234330177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117447612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412670","display_name":"Software quality","level":4,"score":0.30755579471588135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.2976786494255066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149091818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2429814","display_name":"Software system","level":3,"score":0.29489290714263916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.20143342018127441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.16399726271629333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16368260979652405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.14670228958129883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08669820427894592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53811970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5062194","display_name":"Centrality","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186846655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398377","display_name":"Software construction","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tr.2019.2916204","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tr.2019.2916204","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S87725633","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Reliability","issn_l":"0018-9529","issn":["0018-9529","1558-1721"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Reliability","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2896924447","display_name":"\u9762\u5411\u8fd0\u884c\u73af\u5883\u4f9d\u8d56\u7f3a\u9677\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u8c03\u8bd5\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61772055","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5439040005","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1523994","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7682846489","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5883\u591a\u6837\u6027\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5bb9\u9519\u53ca\u5176\u5e94\u7528\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61872169","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326978","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":67,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W209488640","https://openalex.org/W1490978687","https://openalex.org/W1547743088","https://openalex.org/W1581994774","https://openalex.org/W1856203234","https://openalex.org/W1970656444","https://openalex.org/W1972348918","https://openalex.org/W1973919915","https://openalex.org/W1984486859","https://openalex.org/W1988202416","https://openalex.org/W1992534129","https://openalex.org/W2002664886","https://openalex.org/W2009543464","https://openalex.org/W2025117917","https://openalex.org/W2030895849","https://openalex.org/W2035602304","https://openalex.org/W2037431929","https://openalex.org/W2046528529","https://openalex.org/W2056944867","https://openalex.org/W2059510240","https://openalex.org/W2060038721","https://openalex.org/W2067195038","https://openalex.org/W2081726003","https://openalex.org/W2082183626","https://openalex.org/W2101161997","https://openalex.org/W2101912966","https://openalex.org/W2109156518","https://openalex.org/W2109192777","https://openalex.org/W2113351233","https://openalex.org/W2124418175","https://openalex.org/W2127321265","https://openalex.org/W2131934786","https://openalex.org/W2135641621","https://openalex.org/W2136054925","https://openalex.org/W2144984544","https://openalex.org/W2145416273","https://openalex.org/W2146878883","https://openalex.org/W2151153404","https://openalex.org/W2151591800","https://openalex.org/W2157657084","https://openalex.org/W2181567306","https://openalex.org/W2215131549","https://openalex.org/W2243368861","https://openalex.org/W2295172418","https://openalex.org/W2318680928","https://openalex.org/W2325963232","https://openalex.org/W2526055175","https://openalex.org/W2538159604","https://openalex.org/W2565628643","https://openalex.org/W2582743722","https://openalex.org/W2612569995","https://openalex.org/W2768656507","https://openalex.org/W2768753512","https://openalex.org/W2800903510","https://openalex.org/W2954224917","https://openalex.org/W2996902515","https://openalex.org/W2999200532","https://openalex.org/W3023364199","https://openalex.org/W3193532866","https://openalex.org/W4213279169","https://openalex.org/W4242588494","https://openalex.org/W4247121209","https://openalex.org/W4293857795","https://openalex.org/W4302768905","https://openalex.org/W6681525158","https://openalex.org/W6690851006","https://openalex.org/W6733261796"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2123854374","https://openalex.org/W2107677510","https://openalex.org/W2954224917","https://openalex.org/W1505975995","https://openalex.org/W2136848390","https://openalex.org/W2399881321","https://openalex.org/W4375947534","https://openalex.org/W2949009804","https://openalex.org/W4281972727","https://openalex.org/W4282557360"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"an":[3,15,46,69],"empirical":[4,141],"study":[5],"of":[6,21,26,48,53,71,80,97],"5741":[7],"bug":[8,27,55,98,127],"reports":[9],"for":[10,94,153],"the":[11,19,30,40,49,54,75,78,83,95,124,140],"Linux":[12,31],"kernel":[13],"from":[14],"evolutionary":[16],"perspective,":[17],"with":[18],"aim":[20],"obtaining":[22],"a":[23,92],"deep":[24],"understanding":[25],"characteristics":[28,100],"in":[29],"operating":[32],"system.":[33],"Bug":[34],"classification":[35],"is":[36,106,151],"performed":[37],"based":[38,101,138,147],"on":[39,102,139,148],"fault":[41],"triggering":[42],"conditions,":[43],"followed":[44],"by":[45],"analysis":[47,70,96],"proportions":[50],"and":[51,64,74,82,108,117,129,145,155],"evolution":[52],"types":[56,79,128],"as":[57,59],"well":[58],"comparisons":[60],"among":[61],"versions,":[62],"products,":[63],"repair":[65],"locations.":[66],"In":[67,132],"addition,":[68],"regression":[72],"bugs":[73,81],"relationship":[76,125],"between":[77,126],"time":[84],"needed":[85],"to":[86,121],"fix":[87],"them":[88],"are":[89,119,143],"presented.":[90],"Moreover,":[91],"procedure":[93],"type":[99],"complex":[103],"network":[104,110],"metrics":[105],"proposed,":[107],"four":[109],"metrics,":[111],"i.e.,":[112],"degree,":[113],"clustering":[114],"coefficient,":[115],"betweenness,":[116],"closeness,":[118],"utilized":[120],"further":[122],"investigate":[123],"software":[130],"metrics.":[131],"this":[133],"paper,":[134],"22":[135],"interesting":[136],"findings":[137,150],"results":[142],"revealed,":[144],"guidance":[146],"these":[149],"provided":[152],"developers":[154],"users.":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
