{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2345064034","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tr.2015.2491599","title":"Cold Standby Systems With Imperfect Backup","display_name":"Cold Standby Systems With Imperfect Backup","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-10-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2345064034","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tr.2015.2491599","mag":"2345064034"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tr.2015.2491599","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tr.2015.2491599","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S87725633","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Reliability","issn_l":"0018-9529","issn":["0018-9529","1558-1721"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Reliability","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022208409","display_name":"Gregory Levitin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2107-8291"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80687555","display_name":"Israel Electric (Israel)","ror":"https://ror.org/01p8dnv11","country_code":"IL","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80687555"]}],"countries":["CN","IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gregory Levitin","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Israel Electric Corporation, Haifa, Israel","University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, School of Computer Science"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Israel Electric Corporation, Haifa, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80687555"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, School of Computer Science","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114377940","display_name":"Liudong Xing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1606-1644"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100633361","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Dartmouth","ror":"https://ror.org/00fzmm222","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100633361"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liudong Xing","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100633361"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113616242","display_name":"Yuanshun Dai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanshun Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, School of Computer Science"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, School of Computer Science","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.1109,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91466475,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"65","issue":"4","first_page":"1798","last_page":"1809"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10780","display_name":"Reliability and Maintenance Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10780","display_name":"Reliability and Maintenance Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11357","display_name":"Risk and Safety Analysis","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9861999750137329,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backup","display_name":"Backup","score":0.9752346277236938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redundancy","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","score":0.7435320615768433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.6833889484405518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5702202916145325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.5375819206237793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-loss","display_name":"Data loss","score":0.42921745777130127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3343487083911896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.2529205083847046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.09092053771018982}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780945871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194274","display_name":"Backup","level":2,"score":0.9752346277236938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152124472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1204361","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.7435320615768433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.6833889484405518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5702202916145325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.5375819206237793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193519340","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q891179","display_name":"Data loss","level":2,"score":0.42921745777130127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3343487083911896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2529205083847046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.09092053771018982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tr.2015.2491599","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tr.2015.2491599","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S87725633","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Reliability","issn_l":"0018-9529","issn":["0018-9529","1558-1721"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Reliability","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W128570031","https://openalex.org/W201886365","https://openalex.org/W436503306","https://openalex.org/W1523087909","https://openalex.org/W1567558789","https://openalex.org/W1977551002","https://openalex.org/W1981892569","https://openalex.org/W1998922763","https://openalex.org/W2007248465","https://openalex.org/W2014500386","https://openalex.org/W2022488800","https://openalex.org/W2026888215","https://openalex.org/W2027438898","https://openalex.org/W2033656974","https://openalex.org/W2033724226","https://openalex.org/W2033997465","https://openalex.org/W2049804341","https://openalex.org/W2051247433","https://openalex.org/W2051289505","https://openalex.org/W2065727150","https://openalex.org/W2066322331","https://openalex.org/W2070645909","https://openalex.org/W2073614095","https://openalex.org/W2073855294","https://openalex.org/W2074897389","https://openalex.org/W2076191301","https://openalex.org/W2081235423","https://openalex.org/W2084798363","https://openalex.org/W2085039338","https://openalex.org/W2088612589","https://openalex.org/W2109905755","https://openalex.org/W2119018856","https://openalex.org/W2121605616","https://openalex.org/W2132976344","https://openalex.org/W2133046454","https://openalex.org/W2148606018","https://openalex.org/W2165485434","https://openalex.org/W2312852230","https://openalex.org/W2329469362","https://openalex.org/W2555629294","https://openalex.org/W2727420541","https://openalex.org/W3154419898","https://openalex.org/W4397011802","https://openalex.org/W6608310612","https://openalex.org/W6701945530","https://openalex.org/W6730308256","https://openalex.org/W6794215057"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2352965068","https://openalex.org/W4385235638","https://openalex.org/W2387350385","https://openalex.org/W2047746040","https://openalex.org/W1574452305","https://openalex.org/W2549992370","https://openalex.org/W2375881847","https://openalex.org/W2343840767","https://openalex.org/W2393654445","https://openalex.org/W1990982515"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cold":[0],"standby":[1,39,116,186],"redundancy":[2],"is":[3,33,66,85,100,179],"a":[4,38,48,96],"widely-applied":[5],"design":[6,203],"strategy":[7],"to":[8,41,87,103,119],"achieve":[9],"high":[10],"system":[11,20,79,89,124,140,146,164],"reliability":[12,80,105,141,194],"in":[13,22,70,142],"numerous":[14],"applications.":[15],"To":[16],"facilitate":[17],"an":[18,25],"effective":[19],"recovery":[21],"case":[23],"of":[24,52,74,138,163],"online":[26],"element":[27,40,91],"failure":[28,76,157],"occurring,":[29],"the":[30,44,54,59,63,78,129,133,171],"backup":[31,49,64,139,149,152,173],"mechanism":[32,65],"typically":[34],"implemented":[35],"which":[36],"enables":[37],"take":[42],"over":[43],"mission":[45,56,108,193,198],"task":[46,57],"from":[47,58],"point":[50],"instead":[51],"re-executing":[53],"entire":[55],"very":[60],"beginning.":[61],"However,":[62],"not":[67],"perfectly":[68],"reliable":[69],"practice,":[71],"and":[72,84,90,106,153,161,175,181],"effect":[73],"its":[75],"on":[77,132,202],"can":[81,191],"be":[82],"non-monotonic":[83],"correlated":[86],"other":[88,145],"parameters.":[92],"In":[93],"this":[94],"paper":[95],"new":[97],"numerical":[98],"approach":[99],"first":[101],"proposed":[102,134],"evaluate":[104],"expected":[107,197],"completion":[109,199],"time":[110,200],"for":[111,183],"1-out-of-":[112],"N:":[113],"G":[114],"cold":[115,185],"systems":[117],"subject":[118],"imperfect":[120],"even":[121],"backups.":[122],"The":[123],"elements":[125,165],"are":[126,166],"non-repairable":[127],"during":[128],"mission.":[130],"Based":[131],"evaluation":[135],"algorithm,":[136],"effects":[137],"connection":[143],"with":[144],"parameters":[147],"including":[148],"frequency,":[150],"data":[151],"retrieval":[154],"times,":[155],"replacement":[156,159],"probability,":[158],"time,":[160],"number":[162],"investigated":[167],"through":[168],"examples.":[169],"Further,":[170],"optimal":[172],"frequency":[174],"initiation":[176],"sequencing":[177],"problem":[178],"formulated":[180],"solved":[182],"heterogeneous":[184],"systems,":[187],"providing":[188],"solutions":[189],"that":[190],"maximize":[192],"or":[195],"minimize":[196],"depending":[201],"requirements.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}